We investigated how the parasitoid Torymus sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) attacking galls of Schismatodiplosis lantanae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) behaves in the presence of a conspecific f...We investigated how the parasitoid Torymus sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) attacking galls of Schismatodiplosis lantanae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) behaves in the presence of a conspecific female competitor in the patch. Presence of a competitor greatly changed resident exploitation behavior. Wasps alone spent more time in gall exploitation behaviors (walk-antennate and probe) and in post-oviposition behaviors (stationary and groom), and when intruders were present they spent more time walking. The attack strategy was through threatening: raising wings and pointing the antennae towards the opponent. Different from theoretical expectations, residents were not always the attacker. Number of galls in the patch and female wasp size did not affect contest outcomes, although gall exploitation time and time on leaf were significant factors for the probability of having attacks. Overall, the study highlights the fact that intruder interest in the host was the main cause of contests and also this is a unique report both in terms of the target species and the nature of the disputed resource, a gall-inducer inside a singular spatial unit, the gall.展开更多
Biological control(biocontrol) is a safe, sustainable approach that takes advantage of natural enemies such as predators, parasitic insects or pathogens to manage pests in agroecosystems. Parasitoid wasps, a very larg...Biological control(biocontrol) is a safe, sustainable approach that takes advantage of natural enemies such as predators, parasitic insects or pathogens to manage pests in agroecosystems. Parasitoid wasps, a very large evolutionary group of hymenopteran insects, are well-known biological control agents for arthropod pests in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the application of parasitoid wasps in biocontrol in China for the last five years. These include species diversity of parasitoid wasps, identification of dominant parasitoid wasps associated with insect pests and biocontrol practices(three types of biological control, i.e., classical, augmentative and conservation biological control) in several Chinese agroecosystems. We then treat different mass-rearing and release technologies and the commercialization of several parasitoid wasp species. We also summarize other work that may have a potential use in biocontrol, including the effect of plant volatiles on parasitoids and recent advance in the molecular mechanisms underlying the host regulation by parasitoid wasps. Future research area and applied perspectives are also discussed, noting that advances in biocontrol technologies in Chinese agriculture informs research at the global level.展开更多
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)于2019年5月入侵贵州黔东南地区,严重威胁当地农业生态。黔东南地区丰富的生物资源是挖掘草地贪夜蛾自然天敌的重要基础。为明确黔东南地区草地贪夜蛾天敌的发生情况,2019年5月至7月,采用...草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)于2019年5月入侵贵州黔东南地区,严重威胁当地农业生态。黔东南地区丰富的生物资源是挖掘草地贪夜蛾自然天敌的重要基础。为明确黔东南地区草地贪夜蛾天敌的发生情况,2019年5月至7月,采用五点取样法对选取的3个地点开展调查。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾在黔东南地区的主要寄生性天敌有5类,分别为白僵菌属、绿僵菌属、茧蜂科、姬蜂科和黑卵蜂属昆虫,寄生率最高分别为45.50%、57.00%、3.00%、20.00%和12.50%,寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫期4种天敌综合控制力最高达96.50%。本研究可为草地贪夜蛾天敌资源挖掘与利用提供重要参考。展开更多
柳杉毛虫Dendrolimus houi(Lajonquiere)是严重为害我国柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei(Hooibrenk)的最主要食叶害虫之一,调查柳杉毛虫的寄生性天敌资源并开展寄生效能初步评价,对于进一步筛选获得优势天敌种类并开展林间应用具有重要意义。...柳杉毛虫Dendrolimus houi(Lajonquiere)是严重为害我国柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei(Hooibrenk)的最主要食叶害虫之一,调查柳杉毛虫的寄生性天敌资源并开展寄生效能初步评价,对于进一步筛选获得优势天敌种类并开展林间应用具有重要意义。本次调查采集并鉴定了柳杉毛虫的10种寄生性天敌:分别为松毛虫凸腿小蜂Kriechbaumerella dendrolimi(Sheng et Zhong)、广大腿小蜂Brachymeria lasus(Walker)、云南黑青金小蜂Dibrachys yunnanensis(Yang)、平背囊爪姬蜂Theronia depressa(Gupta)、短柄短角平腹小蜂Mesocomys breviscapis(Yao et Yang)、枯叶蛾短角平腹小蜂Mesocomys trabalae(Yao et Yang)、黑角狭颊寄蝇Carcelia nigrantennata(Chao et Liang)、蚕饰腹寄蝇Blepharipa zebina(Walker)、星毛虫狭颊寄蝇Carcelia illiberisi(Chao et Liang)、瘦钩鬃麻蝇Sarcorohdendorfia gracilior(Chen);其中,云南黑青金小蜂、短柄短角平腹小蜂、枯叶蛾短角平腹小蜂、平背囊爪姬蜂、星毛虫狭颊寄蝇、黑角狭颊寄蝇6种为福建省新纪录种;同时柳杉毛虫也是首次报道为它们的自然寄主。同时松毛虫凸腿小蜂与短柄短角平腹小蜂具有较高的自然平均寄生率(7.24%和10.67%)和平均子代数量(33头/蛹与20头/雌),平背囊爪姬蜂平均子代蜂数较多(4头/寄主),且能与多种寄生性天敌联合控害,是其优势天敌种类。最后,简述其识别特征,以利进一步保护、开发和利用。展开更多
文摘We investigated how the parasitoid Torymus sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) attacking galls of Schismatodiplosis lantanae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) behaves in the presence of a conspecific female competitor in the patch. Presence of a competitor greatly changed resident exploitation behavior. Wasps alone spent more time in gall exploitation behaviors (walk-antennate and probe) and in post-oviposition behaviors (stationary and groom), and when intruders were present they spent more time walking. The attack strategy was through threatening: raising wings and pointing the antennae towards the opponent. Different from theoretical expectations, residents were not always the attacker. Number of galls in the patch and female wasp size did not affect contest outcomes, although gall exploitation time and time on leaf were significant factors for the probability of having attacks. Overall, the study highlights the fact that intruder interest in the host was the main cause of contests and also this is a unique report both in terms of the target species and the nature of the disputed resource, a gall-inducer inside a singular spatial unit, the gall.
基金supported by the Key Program(31630060)Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(31230068)General Program(31672079 and 31501700) of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Biological control(biocontrol) is a safe, sustainable approach that takes advantage of natural enemies such as predators, parasitic insects or pathogens to manage pests in agroecosystems. Parasitoid wasps, a very large evolutionary group of hymenopteran insects, are well-known biological control agents for arthropod pests in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the application of parasitoid wasps in biocontrol in China for the last five years. These include species diversity of parasitoid wasps, identification of dominant parasitoid wasps associated with insect pests and biocontrol practices(three types of biological control, i.e., classical, augmentative and conservation biological control) in several Chinese agroecosystems. We then treat different mass-rearing and release technologies and the commercialization of several parasitoid wasp species. We also summarize other work that may have a potential use in biocontrol, including the effect of plant volatiles on parasitoids and recent advance in the molecular mechanisms underlying the host regulation by parasitoid wasps. Future research area and applied perspectives are also discussed, noting that advances in biocontrol technologies in Chinese agriculture informs research at the global level.
文摘草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)于2019年5月入侵贵州黔东南地区,严重威胁当地农业生态。黔东南地区丰富的生物资源是挖掘草地贪夜蛾自然天敌的重要基础。为明确黔东南地区草地贪夜蛾天敌的发生情况,2019年5月至7月,采用五点取样法对选取的3个地点开展调查。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾在黔东南地区的主要寄生性天敌有5类,分别为白僵菌属、绿僵菌属、茧蜂科、姬蜂科和黑卵蜂属昆虫,寄生率最高分别为45.50%、57.00%、3.00%、20.00%和12.50%,寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫期4种天敌综合控制力最高达96.50%。本研究可为草地贪夜蛾天敌资源挖掘与利用提供重要参考。
文摘柳杉毛虫Dendrolimus houi(Lajonquiere)是严重为害我国柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei(Hooibrenk)的最主要食叶害虫之一,调查柳杉毛虫的寄生性天敌资源并开展寄生效能初步评价,对于进一步筛选获得优势天敌种类并开展林间应用具有重要意义。本次调查采集并鉴定了柳杉毛虫的10种寄生性天敌:分别为松毛虫凸腿小蜂Kriechbaumerella dendrolimi(Sheng et Zhong)、广大腿小蜂Brachymeria lasus(Walker)、云南黑青金小蜂Dibrachys yunnanensis(Yang)、平背囊爪姬蜂Theronia depressa(Gupta)、短柄短角平腹小蜂Mesocomys breviscapis(Yao et Yang)、枯叶蛾短角平腹小蜂Mesocomys trabalae(Yao et Yang)、黑角狭颊寄蝇Carcelia nigrantennata(Chao et Liang)、蚕饰腹寄蝇Blepharipa zebina(Walker)、星毛虫狭颊寄蝇Carcelia illiberisi(Chao et Liang)、瘦钩鬃麻蝇Sarcorohdendorfia gracilior(Chen);其中,云南黑青金小蜂、短柄短角平腹小蜂、枯叶蛾短角平腹小蜂、平背囊爪姬蜂、星毛虫狭颊寄蝇、黑角狭颊寄蝇6种为福建省新纪录种;同时柳杉毛虫也是首次报道为它们的自然寄主。同时松毛虫凸腿小蜂与短柄短角平腹小蜂具有较高的自然平均寄生率(7.24%和10.67%)和平均子代数量(33头/蛹与20头/雌),平背囊爪姬蜂平均子代蜂数较多(4头/寄主),且能与多种寄生性天敌联合控害,是其优势天敌种类。最后,简述其识别特征,以利进一步保护、开发和利用。
