Literature Review on Support for Children and Families Experiencing Parental Bereavement

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the actual nursing support in a wide perspective by reviewing overseas literature on support for children who have experienced parental bereavement and their families. The goal was to identify future challenges in nursing support in clinical practice in Japan. Method: Literature searchable as of May 2023 was retrieved using PubMed, resulting in 11 relevant articles. Result: The results revealed the following: 1) For support provided to children, 13 codes were condensed into 5 subcategories and 4 categories. 2) For support provided to families, 36 codes were condensed into 11 subcategories and 4 categories. Conclusion: Open communication was found to be essential for supporting children and their families who have experienced parental bereavement. Moreover, involvement of multiple professions facilitated the provision of specialized support to address diverse needs of children and families, playing a crucial role in overcoming grief. Additionally, the effectiveness of support systems for bereaved families highlighted the need for nursing professionals in Japan to gain knowledge through learning opportunities and to establish a multi-disciplinary approach to support, thus indicating future challenges in nursing support.

Challenges in Work-Family Balance and Support Needs of Japanese Parents with Nursery School-Aged Children

We aimed to identify the challenges parents face raising preschool-aged children when trying to maintain a good work-family balance. We also highlight how public health nurses can support the community in this regard. Seven Japanese parents volunteered to participate, and individual in-depth interviews were conducted from May to October 2021. We analyzed the recorded interview data using qualitative descriptive methods. Three main themes concerning work-family balance challenges were extracted: 1) conflicts between parents’ childcare and work roles, 2) issues related to institutions and social systems, and 3) a lack of informal support. Factors contributing to the difficulties were a lack of time to spend with their children;an imbalance in the division of housework and childcare roles between married couples;the employment environment in Japan that makes it difficult to pursue a career while raising children;a lack of childcare services, including childcare for sick children;inadequate consultation systems;and an aging grandparents’ generation owing to late marriages. To solve this problem, we suggest that in addition to establishing a reliable system for providing childcare, local public health nurses should work with childcare workers to create an environment in which parents feel comfortable discussing work-family balance, considering the time constraints of parents during the childrearing period, and use nursery schools as a place for parent-child support.

Characteristics of Chinese Families in Which Children and Both Parents Are Diagnosed with Malignant Tumors:A Retrospective Study

Objective To characterize Chinese families in which both parents and at least one child are diagnosed with malignant diseases and provide reference for cancer screening or early detection in people whose both parents are diagnosed with cancer.Methods Medical records of all clients to the center of cancer screening and prevention of the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital between January 2008 and February 2018 were screened to select families in which both parents and at least one child were diagnosed with malignant diseases.The cancer profiles of fathers,mothers,sons and daughters,their age distribution at diagnosis,and similarity of cancers between two generations were analyzed.The proportions of each cancer in males and females of the cohort were compared with corresponding data from the National Cancer Center Registry of China(NCCRC)in 2013.Results Totally 13S families were identified from records of 33200 clients.Proportion of lung cancer in fathers(40/135,29.6%)and in mothers(38/135,28.1%)were higher than the national data(23.9%in males and 14.9%in females,respectively).The proportion of breast cancer in daughters(35/109,32.1%)was higher than that of mothers(14/135,10.4%)and the national data(17.1%),In 71 father-son pairs of cancer,46.5%(33/71)were of the same systematic disease,and 16.9%(12/71)were of the same cancer.These two indexes were 31.2%(n=34)and 10.1%(n=l 1),respectively in the 109 father-daughter pairs of cancer,36.6%(n=26)and 8.5%(n=6)respectively in the 71 mother-son pairs of cancer,and 31.2%(n=34)and 20.2%(n=20)respectively in the 109 mother-daughter pairs of cancer.Sons were more likely to suffer from cancers originated from the same system as father s cancer than daughters(χ^(2)=4.299,P<0.05),and daughters were more likely to suffer from the same cancer as their mother's cancer than sons(χ^(2)=4.506,P<0.05).The age(mean±standard deviation)of the daughters(52.4±12.7)and the sons(59.4±10.9)at diagnosis were significantly younger than the fathers(65.5±12.2)and the mothers(65.7±12.5)(all P<0.001)・Conclusions For people whose both parents are diagnosed as cancer,screening or early detection examinations should cover a full range of cancers rather than the cancers their father and mother have suffered,or cancers stemmed from the same system as their parents cancers.We suggest screening or early detection program for these special population start earlier than that for the general population,with emphasis on cancers derived from digestive system for males and women-specific cancers,i.e.,breast cancer,ovarian cancer,cervical cancer and uterine cancer for females.

Influence of Family Financial Conditions on the Choice of Family Parenting Style : An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Data

As an important factor affecting the accumulation of children s human capital,family parenting style is of great significance to the future development of filial generation.Based on China s social reality,the study investigated the influence of family financial conditions on the choice of family parenting style by using the data of CEPS2013-2014.The results showed that the improvement of family financial conditions significantly increased the intensity of the parenting style chosen by the family,and parents would have higher requirements for their children s daily study and life.Moreover,such impact varied among different classes and regions.

Subjective Well-being and Family Functioning among Adolescents Left Behind by Migrating Parents in Jiangxi Province, China

We sought to identify the differences between adolescents left behind in their home villages/towns （LBA） and non-left behind adolescents （NLB） on subjective well-being and family functioning due to parental migration in south China. We used a stratified cluster sampling method to recruit middle school students in a city experiencing population-emigration in Jiangxi Province in 2010. Participants included adolescents from families with： （1） one migrant parent, （2） both parents who migrated, or （3） non-left behind adolescents （i.e., no migrant parent）. To determine predictors of subjective well-being, we used structural equation models. Adolescents left behind by both parents （LBB） were less likely to express life satisfaction （P = 0.038） in terms of their environments （P = 0.011） compared with NLB. A parent or parents who migrated predicts lower subjective well-being of adolescents （P = 0.051） and also lower academic performance. Being apart from their parents may affect family functioning negatively from an adolescent＇s viewpoint. Given the hundreds of millions of persons in China, many who are parents, migrating for work, there may be mental health challenges in some of the adolescents left behind.

Sense of Family Coherence in Parents of(Sub)Optimally Developing Children

The theoretical basis of the paper is Aron Antonovsky’s salutogenetic model of health,which is based on the salutogenic orientation and the sense of coherence understood as the central concept and the most important resource.The primary aim of the study is to determine the strength of the sense of family coherence in parents of optimally developing children and in parents of suboptimally developing children and their correlation with:family satisfaction and family orientation to crisis situations.The study was done using parents(N=394)sampled from the population of the Republic of Serbia.Questionnaire for Obtaining Basic Data,The Family Sense of Coherence Scale,The Family Adaptation Scale and Family Crisis-oriented Scales were used for the purposes of this study.The findings of the study showed that parents of optimally developing children have a more heightened sense of family coherence than parents of suboptimally developing children.Also,the findings showed positive correlation with:family satisfaction and family orientation to crisis,and family sense of coherence.More precisely,the sense of family coherence in the parents who participated in the research correlates positively with satisfaction with one’s own family and family orientation to crisis.

从孩子生命成长的高度出发——译林新版五下Unit 5 Helping our parents第一课时教学设计

【设计理念】 译林新版《英语》五下Unit 5 Helping our parents一课的话题是Family life和Housework。第一课时的story time从Mike的视角出发,以Saturday上午和下午的时间为顺序,分场景描述了六个人物和小狗Ben所做的事情,主要语法项目是正在进行时的特殊疑问句和肯定句。阅读教学中,培养学生的核心素养,教师需要让学生理解文本中的生活场景,搜集、理解基础信息,学习词、句、篇的语言范式。

Differences in parents of pediatric liver transplantation and chronic liver disease patients

BACKGROUND With advancements in the treatment of chronic liver disease(CLD),including liver transplantation(LT),quality of life and satisfaction after LT have become an important issue for pediatric patients and their parents.More evidence-based information is needed to describe and assess the impact of pediatric CLD on parents and the satisfaction of parents with treatment to better understand their needs.AIM To assess the satisfaction of parents of pediatric LT patients and that of parents of pediatric CLD patients METHODS During this survey,data were collected from parents of pediatric patients who underwent LT between January 2010 and April 2017(LT group;n=91)and parents of pediatric patients with chronic liver disease(CLD group;n=94).Group comparisons were made based on the pediatric health-related quality of life(PedsQL)health care parent satisfaction scale,impact on family scale(IFS)and demographic characteristics.The PedsQL was administered to parents during a phone interview and the results were used to assess the health carerelated satisfaction of parents.The IFS was used to assess the impact of the child’s CLD status on the family.Demographic variables such as education level(elementary vs middle vs high vs university),monthly income(low vs middle vs high),and place of residence(village vs town vs city)were compared between CLD and LT parent groups.Finally,PedsQL and IFS results were also analyzed according to demographic variables.RESULTS A total of 185 parents aged 19 to 65 years were included.There were statistically significant differences between the LT and CLD groups in terms of career(P<0.001),monthly income(P=0.016),and education level(P=0.041).According to the PedsQL results,family inclusion,communication,technical skills,emotional needs,and overall satisfaction were significantly different between the groups;the LT group had consistently higher scores(P<0.001).Additionally,scores for the IFS parameters of financial impact,familial-social impact,personal strain,and total impact were consistently higher for the LT group(P<0.001).There were statistically significant relationships between education level,monthly income,and place of residence according to the IFS results but not the PedsQL results.There were inverse relationships between the difficulties that parents experience because of their child’s health and education levels,monthly income,and place of residence.However,no relationship was found between education level,monthly income,or place of residence and satisfaction with health care services provided in the hospital according to the PedsQL results.CONCLUSION Parents of children who underwent LT were very satisfied with the health care services provided to their children.However,they had more difficulties than parents of children with CLD.

Parents' experience of caring for children with type 1 diabetes in China's Mainland: A qualitative study

BACKGROUND Parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)are under heavy caregiving stress,and parental caregivers'experience can affect the health outcomes of children with T1DM.AIM To describe the true inner feelings of parents caring for children with T1DM.METHODS Descriptive research methods were used to classify and summarize parents'experience when adapting to the role of caregivers for children with T1DM.The data was sorted and analyzed using content analysis.Themes of parents'experience caring for children with T1DM were refined,and their feelings were deeply investigated.RESULTS A total of 4 themes and 12 subthemes were identified:(1)Desire for information(disease-related information,home care information,and channels of information acquisition);(2)Skill guidance needs(insulin injection techniques,skills required for symptom management,and skills for parent-child communication);(3)Seeking emotional support(family support,peer support from other parents of children with T1DM,and professional support);and(4)Lack of social support(needs for financial support and needs for social security).Exploring the true experience of parents caring for children with T1DM is of great significance for helping them adapt to their role as caregivers.Nurses should provide professional guidance in terms of information,skills,emotion,and social support to parental caregivers.

Quality of life of parents and siblings of children with cochlear implants

Objectives: This study examined the quality of life(QoL) of the parents and siblings of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants(CIs).Design: This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. The questionnaire consists of three sub-domains-interaction, emotional well-being and support for the hearing-impaired child and the overall QoL – and two open-ended questions for participants to provide comments and suggestions to enhance their family's QoL. A total of 63 questionnaires were e-mailed or mailed to families who met the inclusion criteria.Setting: The study was conducted under the Center for Rehabilitation & Special Needs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.Participants: A total of 79 parents and 23 siblings from 44 families of children with CI participated in this study.Main outcome measures: The mean score for each of the sub-domain and the overall QoL for both subject groups were computed. The answers for the open-ended questions were listed and organized into themes.Results: There were significant correlations between the overall QoL score and each of the test domains for the parents' group(p < 0.01). For the siblings' group, only the interaction and support domains were significant.Interaction was the main sub-domain affecting the parents' QoL but for siblings, this could not be determined. A total of 60% of the pooled comments were classified as ‘concerns'. As for the suggestions, 38.7% requested some form of support, mainly financial(41.7%).Conclusions: Families with hearing impaired children with CI have numerous concerns that need to be addressed, even though, on average, they were satisfied with their overall QoL.

Multi-family therapy for veteran and refugee families: a Delphi study

Background: Research indicates that Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has an extensive impact on family relationships. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of empirically supported interventions addressing family functioning and PTSD. In the Netherlands, it is considered good clinical practice to offer multi-family therapy(MFT) to veteran and refugee families. MFT for traumatized families aims to address the dysfunctional family patterns that have evolved to address the consequences with trauma.Methods: The aim of this study is to generate a common framework for the practical impact and active ingredients of MFT in families confronted with trauma. The Delphi method was used to study the expert opinion of 11 therapists in Dutch expert trauma institutes.Results: The results indicate that MFT is a promising treatment for families dealing with the consequences of trauma. According to experts, positive outcomes include an increased understanding between family members,particularly visible in the de-escalation of conflicts within the family, and improved parenting. One explanation for the effectiveness of MFT with these target groups is its defining feature of therapy with several families.Conclusions: The findings support the importance of considering family relationships and the family context in interventions for traumatized individuals.

Sociolinguistic Research in Single Parent Families in China: a Methodological Perspective

It is extremely difficult to collect naturally occurring interactions in private settings.In this article,I discuss the back⁃ground of the research,and show the evidence that where the research can fit into the literature,and discuss the possible strategies that we can use to collect naturally occurring interactions in informal settings.

成为好爸爸:城市中产家庭养育模式的变迁与新“父职”实现路径

随着社会转型与发展,父职参与在延续传统的同时亦经历着变迁。通过对上海中产家庭父母进行的参与式观察以及深度访谈发现,城市中产阶级男性的父职参与正在经历从被动到主动转变的过程:一方面是受到社会文化、教育环境的影响,另一方面他们从个人成长历程和工作的意义出发进行了反身性思考和实践。在这个过程中,男性作为父亲的主体性得以浮现,懂得了“为何做父亲”“如何做父亲”。

肾病综合征患儿母亲亲职压力现状及相关研究

目的 了解肾病综合征患儿母亲亲职压力现状,探讨心理资本、家庭功能、家庭复原力与其亲职压力的相关性,并分析心理资本在家庭功能、家庭复原力和亲职压力间的中介效应。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2021年2月-2022年12月抽取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院246名肾病综合征患儿母亲作为研究对象,采用一般情况量表、心理资本量表、家庭功能量表、家庭复原力量表和亲职压力量表对其进行调查。结果 (1)246名肾病综合征患儿母亲心理资本得分为(64.27±11.64)分,家庭功能得分为(126.82±27.46)分,家庭复原力得分为(122.92±21.81)分,亲职压力得分为(95.38±12.27)分。(2)不同文化程度、子女数、婚姻状况、医疗费支付方式、家庭结构、家庭人均月收入及患儿年龄的肾病综合征患儿母亲亲职压力得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)肾病综合征患儿母亲心理资本、家庭功能、家庭复原力与亲职压力分别呈负相关(r=-0.649、-0.588、-0.614,P<0.01),心理资本与家庭功能、家庭复原力分别呈正相关(r=0.618、0.744,P<0.01),家庭功能与家庭复原力呈正相关(r=0.548,P<0.01)。(4)心理资本在肾病综合征患儿母亲家庭功能、家庭复原力和亲职压力间起部分中介作用,中介效应分别占总效应的24.33%和26.97%。结论 肾病综合征患儿母亲亲职压力较高,心理资本在肾病综合征患儿母亲家庭功能、家庭复原力和亲职压力间起部分中介作用,提高其心理资本水平有助于降低亲职压力,改善患儿家庭功能,提高患儿生存质量。

家庭教养方式与青少年厌学的关系

为探讨家庭教养方式与青少年厌学情绪之间的关系,采用父母教养方式问卷、厌学问卷对陕西关中地区的431名中学生进行问卷调查。研究结果发现,教养方式各维度与青少年厌学情绪均呈显著负相关;男生在厌学情绪、厌学性格和厌学行为等维度上的得分显著高于女生;城市比乡镇和农村学生更加厌学;独生子女比非独生子女更加厌学。未来可从加强家校合作、促进情感沟通,优化资源配置、促进城乡教育均衡发展,转变教育观念、关注个性化需求等方面入手解决青少年厌学问题。父母双方在管教孩子时要态度一致、严慈相济,方能促进孩子的学习。

以家庭为中心的多元化延伸服务在早产儿视网膜病变中的应用

目的观察以家庭为中心的多元化延伸服务在早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)中的应用效果。方法选取ROP早产儿100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组行常规护理服务,观察组行以家庭为中心的多元化延伸服务。比较2组患儿家长依从性、患儿眼部参数情况、患儿家长照护过程测量表-20(MPOC-20)评分及中文版育儿胜任感量表(C-PSOC)评分。结果观察组家长依从性优于对照组,观察组患儿干预1个月后眼压下降程度高于对照组,距巩膜突500μm处房角角度(ACA500)、中央前房深度(CACD)及距巩膜突500μm处房角开放距离(AOD500)大于对照组,干预后观察组家长MPOC-20、C-PSOC评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以家庭为中心的多元化延伸服务,可以提高患儿家长参与治疗的依从性以及对护理服务的满意度,改善ROP患儿眼部情况,增强患儿家长育儿胜任感,对ROP患儿预后恢复具有积极作用。

新家庭主义与当代青年婚育行为研究

当代青年在婚育行为上越来越多元化、理性化,并且群体内部存在分化。从新家庭主义的分析框架入手,可将青年婚育行为分为四种类型:保守型婚育、自我型婚育、焦虑型婚育和逃避型婚育。现代家庭面对压缩现代性的挑战,形成新家庭主义应对策略。新家庭主义包括经济、伦理、情感、自我四个维度。家庭在发挥其韧性以支撑家庭高强度的发展目标时,出现高度失衡的代际关系、密集型养育方式的不堪重负,家长多重身份焦虑等困境。家庭内部风险不断积聚,逐渐显示其脆弱性,家庭越来越难以承载心灵的自由和幸福。青年由此对家庭价值和意义进行反思,对家文化进行解构,并建构一套新的人生价值和意义体系,造成新家庭主义悖论。