Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents

BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in childhood.AIM To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.METHODS From October 2017 to May 2018,7 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire-Health Development Survey of Preschool Children.Children’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire(Parent Version)was applied to measures the children’s behavioral and emotional performance.Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory.Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children’s behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors.RESULTS High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems.High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children.High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms,abnormal conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal peer interaction,and abnormal total difficulty scores in children(all P<0.05).Moreover,paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors(all P>0.05),after calculating ratio of odds ratio values.CONCLUSION Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.Overall,the more supportive or involved the parents are,the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience;conversely,the more hostile or controlling the parents are,the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face.Moreover,the impact of fathers’parenting behaviors on preschool children’s behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers’parenting behaviors.

The Development of a Feeding Coparenting Scale for Japanese Parents of Fifth- and Sixth-Grade Elementary School Children

Aim: Recently, the role of feeding coparenting has gained attention in the child eating research field. The Feeding Coparenting Scale (FCS), a measure of how caregivers interact with their partners when feeding their children was developed in the United States in 2019. However, there is no valid and reliable measure to assess feeding coparenting among caregivers of school-aged children in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the FCS (FCS-J) questionnaire for caregivers with school-aged children. Methods: This was a web-based cross-sectional survey completed by caregivers of children aged 10-12 years. A preliminary survey using interviews and a web-based survey was conducted and found that the translated items of the FCS into Japanese were understandable to Japanese people. The developed survey was administered to parents of children at an elementary school. The reliability of the survey was assessed using both test-retest reliability and internal consistency analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test construct validity, and known population validity was examined in relation to attributes, marital satisfaction, and feeding tasks. Results: Findings with 135 parents of school-aged children showed good internal reliability and validity of the FCS-J. The mean score for the overall FCS-J score was 46.2 (SD = 6.2), with Cronbach’s α of 0.72. For the subscales, Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.75 to 0.79. In sum, the present study’s results support the three-factor structure of the FCS in Japanese caregivers in Japan. Conclusions: The developed FCS-J was found to have a certain degree of reliability and validity. In this study, a Japanese version of the FCS-J was developed. .

Expérience des parents faceàl’accompagnement pédiatrique en HAD:étude exploratoire qualitative Parents’Experience of Pediatric Home Care:A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Aim:To investigate parents’experience of home care for children in oncology in order to identify the benefits,expectations,and possible difficulties associated.Material and methods:A qualitative method was adopted,with non-directive interviews conducted with nine participants,then analyzed using thematic content analysis.Results:The main recurring themes in the discourse include:(1)relief,(2)positive representation of home,(3)positive representation of home care,and(4)negative representation of home care.For these parents,home care appears to be positive overall,even though the introduction of home care is often reported as a source of stress for them.Conclusion:These results must be interpreted with caution,but they do support previous research and highlight certain recommendations for further improving this experience,particularly for parents,but also for the sick child and the family.

Main focus of parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the effectiveness of early clinical screening

BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common mental and behavioral disorder among children.AIM To explore the focus of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder parents and the effectiveness of early clinical screening METHODS This study found that the main directions of parents seeking medical help were short attention time for children under 7 years old(16.6%)and poor academic performance for children over 7 years old(12.1%).We employed a two-stage experiment to diagnose ADHD.Among the 5683 children evaluated from 2018 to 2021,360 met the DSM-5 criteria.Those diagnosed with ADHD underwent assessments for letter,number,and figure attention.Following the exclusion of ADHD-H diagnoses,the detection rate rose to 96.0%,with 310 out of 323 cases identified.RESULTS This study yielded insights into the primary concerns of parents regarding their children's symptoms and validated the efficacy of a straightforward diagnostic test,offering valuable guidance for directing ADHD treatment,facilitating early detection,and enabling timely intervention.Our research delved into the predominant worries of parents across various age groups.Furthermore,we showcased the precision of the simple exclusion experiment in discerning between ADHD-I and ADHD-C in children.CONCLUSION Our study will help diagnose and guide future treatment directions for ADHD.

Knowledge and practice skills on home-based urinary catheter care among parents of under-five children with urinary catheter

Objectives:The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge and practice skills on home-based urinary catheter care among parents of under-five children with urinary catheter.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1,2021,to September 11,2021,in a tertiary hospital in north India.Purposive sampling was used to select 50 participants.Three instruments were employed for data collection after fulfilling sample criteria;for baseline information demographic tool,knowledge questionnaires,and a practice checklist.Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:On assessment of 50 participants,the majority of parents aged above 30 years(74%).Most of the participants were male(82%),graduated(38%),and working in the private sector(58%).Similarly,two-thirds of participants were residing in a nuclear family(64%)with a single child 32(64%)and family income<5000 rupees per month(60%).The mean score of knowledge was 1.94±0.81 and that of practice skills was 1.98±0.85 on home-based care.Regression analysis showed that knowledge of parents was significantly associated with qualification(β:1.821,P=0.002).Similarly,association of practice skills of parents with gender(β:1.235,P=0.050)and qualification(β:1.889,P=0.00)was significant.Conclusion:The general findings of our study showed that parents’education and occupation played a significant role in a child’s care.Parental education and catheter care skills positively affect the child and reduce readmission rates.

Entangled relationship:Chinese parents’involvement in young learners’English tests

Young learners’English(YLE)tests have become increasingly prevalent among and important to Chinese English learners and their parents.In China,parents are actively involved in their children’s education and test-taking decisions,and their participation has given rise to a series of social impacts.Although parent involvement has received increasing public and academic attention in newspaper and scholarly articles,there exists no thorough analysis of current research on parents’roles in young learners’test-taking.To address this gap,we systemically analyzed Chinese newspaper articles and academic articles between 2011 and 2021 to elicit Chinese parents’roles in YLE test-taking.Our thematic analysis of the literature identifies the ways in which parents influence their children’s test-taking experiences,and how the tests affect this influence.Specifically,our results elicit 1)parents’engagement in YLE testing;2)parents’understanding of the intended uses of YLE tests;3)parents’perception and consequences of their involvement in YLE testing;and 4)parents’backgrounds.This analysis reveals the popularity of YLE tests among young learners and their parents in China and public concern over test-related issues.It also broadens our understanding of YLE testing impact and suggests future potential research directions.

Studies on Endogenous Hormones and Nutritional Physiology Related to the Premature Senescence of Super-hybrid Rice Liangyoupeijiu and Its Parents at Late Growth Stage

The amount of root bleeding sap, contents of chlorophyl , nutrients and hormones in flag leaves of a super-hybrid rice cultivar Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and its parents 9311 and Pei’ai 64S after heading were measured in this study. The re-sults revealed that compared with 9311, the chlorophyl content of LYPJ reduced more quickly after heading, and then kept at a lower level, which was an obvious characteristic of premature senescence. The other physiological indices of LYPJ af-ter heading except abscisic acid （ABA） content in leaf and root also maintained at a lower level than 9311, while al the physiological indices of the sterile line Pei＇ai 64S were lower than LYPJ. So it was speculated that the early-aging characteristic of LYPJ may be inherited from Pei’ai 64S. Al the leaf and root early-aging traits reduced for LYPJ and its parent lines after heading, their leaf and root aged grad-ual y, which indicated that the above-ground （leaf） and under-ground （root） parts cor-related to each other closely, but there was not absolute correlations between them judged from the data.

Analysis on Grain Traits and Sedimentation Value of Wheat Genotype Heng 9966, Its Parents and Their Closely Related Varieties

[Objective] 7 indictors of wheat genotype Heng 9966, its parents and their closely related varieties were analyzed based on the 1000-grain weight, sedimentation value and traits of selected grains in DUS test, so as to provide references for the protection of variety intellectual property. [Method] Testing comparison and statistical analysis were conducted to the dormant seeds of winter wheat genotype 9966, parents of Liangxing 99 and Liangxing 96 aw well as the closely related variety of the parents, Jimai 22. [Result] Heng 9966 showed a difference of 2 codes in 1000-grain weight and sedimentation value from the above-mentioned 3 genotypes, and the variant analysis reached the extremely significant level of 0.01. And it also showed extremely significant difference at the level of 0.01 with Liangxing 66 in grain length, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain width, with Liangxing 66 in grain area, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain perimeter. [Conclusion] Heng 9966 had significant distinctness from its parents and their closely related variety, and grain shape can be used as a reference indicator for variety distinctness for the protection of variety intellectual property.

课堂,是有格局的——评李洁老师Unit 5 Helping our parents(Story time)一课

聆听了李洁老师的课,让我相信:课堂,也是有格局的。一、仁爱的情怀,营造自由的心理氛围课堂心理气氛是课堂教学的软环境,是师生关系、生生关系的悄然反映,要营造这样的心理氛围,需要教师有海纳百川的胸襟,宁静致远的涵养,更需要教师有仁爱的情怀。你看,李洁老师选的Monkey,Monkey,What are you doing?这首歌,内容和课文完全贴合。

从孩子生命成长的高度出发——译林新版五下Unit 5 Helping our parents第一课时教学设计

【设计理念】 译林新版《英语》五下Unit 5 Helping our parents一课的话题是Family life和Housework。第一课时的story time从Mike的视角出发,以Saturday上午和下午的时间为顺序,分场景描述了六个人物和小狗Ben所做的事情,主要语法项目是正在进行时的特殊疑问句和肯定句。阅读教学中,培养学生的核心素养,教师需要让学生理解文本中的生活场景,搜集、理解基础信息,学习词、句、篇的语言范式。

Selection of Parents for Breeding Edible Varieties of Sweetpotato with High Carotene Content

Sweetpotato varieties with high carotene content have high value for human health. This work aims to improve the breeding efficiency of special varieties with high carotene content by combining molecular markers and agronomic traits to evaluate and screen the parents. The cluster analysis was carried out to identify and screen promising parents by utilizing phenotypic results of the agronomic and characteristic traits, and RAPD and ISSR markers of 15 parents and their offspring by group crossing. Among different parental materials, greater variations were observed in two important traits, the carotene content and the storage root yield. Negative correlation was found between the carotene content and both fresh and dried root yields. The most significant positive correlation was between the carotene content of parents and that of their offspring, with the coefficient of correlation value of 0.7932＊＊. The relationship based on the agronomic characters of the trial materials was not in agreement with the known genealogy, while that based on the molecular marker data showed better result. Each primer amplified 13.8 bands oflSSR markers on average, in which the rate of polymorphic loci was 89.6%. 9.4 bands of RAPD markers were arnplified per primer, in which the rate of polymorphic bands was 74.46%. Large genetic variation of carotene content was found among the parents. For analyzing the genetic diversity of sweetpotato, the molecular marker methods were better than morphological traits; ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD markers. The combination of molecular markers and agronomic trait analysis may provide valuable theoretic basis for selection of parents to breed new varieties with high carotene content.

Screening of Effective Resistance Genes and Resistant Rice Parents against Rice Bacterial Blight(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) in Guangxi Province

[ Objective ] The paper was to confirm the resistance genes and resistant parents of rice against bacterial blight that could be used in Guangxi Province. [ Method] The dominant pathogenic types Ⅳ of Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. Oryzae in Guangxi were inoculated on a set of monogenic rice lines, the main hybrid rice parents in Guangxi and some important rice germplasm resources, and its resistant and susceptible conditions were investigated. [ Result ] IRBBS, IRBB7 and CBB23 were the resistant rice parents with resistance against pathogenic type IV, which contained resistance genes xa5, Xa7 and Xa23, respectively, and were identified to be the effective resistance genes against pathogenic type Ⅳ of X. Oryzae in Guangxi. [ Conclusion] The results provided basis for resistance breeding against bacterial blight.

Analysis of Volatile Components in Strawberry Cultivars Xingdu 1 and Xingdu 2 and Their Parents

To study differences and genetic trends of volatiles in Xingdu 1 and Xingdu 2, the strawberry cultivars, with their parents, the volatile components were analyzed by head space-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that a total of 50 compounds were identified in Xingdu 1 cultivar, including hexanoic acid methyl ester and hexanoic acid ethyl ester, butanoic acid methyl ester, and butanoic acid ethyl ester, octanoic acid methyl ester and octanoic acid ethyl ester, isomyl hexanoate. And there were 71 compounds in Xingdu 2, which were similar to that of Xingdu 1. About 55 volatiles were identified in Allstar （female parent）, including acetone, acetic acid 1- methylethyl ester, 1-octanol, hexanoic acid ethyl ester and butanoic acid methyl ester. And 43 volatiles were identified in Toyonoka （male parent）, including hexanoic acid ethyl ester, nerolidol, 1-octanol, hexanoic acid methyl ester, acetic acid octyl ester, isomyl hexanoate and octanoic acid methyl ester. Consequently, hexanoic acid methyl ester and hexanoic acid ethyl ester, butanoic acid methyl ester, and butanoic acid ethyl ester and isomyl hexanoate in twins might be affected both sides of their parents. In the family, male parent （Toyonoka） had the highest concentrations of fragrance alcohols, such as nerolidol, linalool and 1-octanol, but which couldn＇t be transmitted to the descendants. Acetone, acetic acid 1- methylethyl ester of the twins originally came from matrilinear inheritance, as the contents of the two compounds were very high in Allstar but little in Toyonoka. Genetic trends of butanoic acid methyl ester, butanoic acid ethyl ester, hexanoic acid ethyl ester, hexanoic acid methyl ester and isomyl hexanoate were affected by both sides of parents.

Genetic Diversity among Parents of Hybrid Rice Based on Cluster Analysis of Morphological Traits and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. Forty-one entries were assigned into two clusters （i.e. early or medium-maturing cluster; medium or late-maturing cluster） and further assigned into six sub-clusters based on morphological trait cluster analysis, The early or medium-maturing cluster was composed of 15 maintainer lines, four early-maturing restorer lines and two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and the medium or late-maturing cluster included 16 restorer lines and 4 medium or late-maturing maintainer lines. Moreover, the SSR cluster analysis classified 41 entries into two groups （i.e, maintainer line group and restorer line group） and seven sub-groups. The maintainer line group consisted of all 19 maintainer lines, two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, while the restorer line group was composed of all 20 restorer lines. The SSR analysis fitted better with the pedigree information. From the views on hybrid rice breeding, the results suggested that SSR analysis might be a better method to study the diversity of parental lines in indica hybrid rice.

Parents' participation in physical activity predicts maintenance of some,but not all, types of physical activity in offspring during early adolescence:A prospective longitudinal study

Purpose: We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in physical activity(PA).Methods-: One hundred and ninety youth cuompleted self-admitiistered questionnaires 3 times per year from 2011 to 2015, and their parents completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire during a telephone interview once in2011-2012. Data on youth's and parents' activities were classified as interdependent or coactive/imdependent.Results: Youth with one or both parents who participated in interdependent activities were more likely to maintain participation in interdependent activities(hazard ratio(HR) = 3.63: 95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.30-10.17). Youth's sustained participation in coactive/independent activities was not associated with parents' participation in coactive/independent activities(HR= 0.97; 95%CI=0.46-2.06).Conclusion: Longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in PA differed across type of PA. Encouraging parents' participation in interdependent activities may promote sustained participation in interdependent activities in youth.

Education of Parents When a Child Born with an Imperforate Anus;Does It Improve the Health of the Child?

Objectives: To describe and investigate the value of an education program for parents of children born with an imperforate anus in order to help them cope with the new situation of having a stoma. A comparison is made with a group of parents following routine hospital. A secondary aim was to illuminate the parents’ feelings and concerns in the first month after the birth of the child. Subjects and methods: The program was tested in 20 Vietnamese mothers of babies born with an imperforate anus;10 followed an intervention comprising an education program and 10 the ordinary routine hospital. The study design is both qualitative and quantitative. The mothers were interviewed, using open-ended questions, within a week of their child’s birth and then repeatedly for up to one month. Finally, the conditions of children were accessed on their return to the hospital for the second operation after one month of care at home. The qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Results: All mothers felt sad and worried in the beginning, but this quickly changed to confidence, particularly among mothers in the intervention group who received education. While at home, mothers in both groups had financial concerns, as they were unable to work as much as expected and also had to buy equipment for colostomy care. The mothers in the control group complained about a lack of knowledge and how it affected the care of their child. The mothers in the intervention group, however, felt confident in their caring even at home. When the families returned for the second operation, the children in the intervention group were significantly healthier, had increased more in weight, and had fewer complications and emergency return visits to hospital compared to the control group. In the control group skin problems around the stoma, diarrhea, bleeding or constipation while at home were reported (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The education improved the care at home resulting in healthier children and more confident parents.

Mental health status of students’parents during COVID-19 pandemic and its influence factors

Background During the outbreak of COVID-19,the national policy of home quarantine may affect the mental health of parents.However,few studies have investigated the mental health of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.Aims To investigate the depression,anxiety and stress of the students'parents during the COVID-19 pandemic,and to explore the influence factors,especially the influence of social support and family-related factors.Methods The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7,Patient Health Questionnaire-9,Perceived Stress Scale-10 and Social Support Rating Scale were applied to 1163 parents to measure the parents'depression,anxiety,stress and social support.Results(1)The detection rates of depression and anxiety in parents were 6.1%and 4.0%.The depression,anxiety and perceived stress of parents in central China were significantly higher than those in non-central China.The anxiety of college students'parents was lower than that of parents of the primary,middle and high school students.The depression,anxiety and perceived stress of parents with conflicts in the family were significantly higher than those with a harmonious family.Other factors that influence parents’depression,anxiety and perceived stress include marital satisfaction,social support,parents*history of mental illness and parenting style,etc.(2)The regression analysis results showed that perceived stress,social support,marital satisfaction,family conflicts,child's learning stage as well as parents'history of mental illness had significant effects on parents'anxiety and depression.Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic,the mental health of parents was affected by a variety of factors.Good marital relationships,good social support,family harmony and parents without a history of mental illness may be protective factors for parents*mental health,while perceived stress and child in middle or high school are risk factors for parents’mental health.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale-Parent Form in parents of preterm infants

Background: The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS)-Parent Form shows satisfactory reli-ability and validity to assess the readiness of parents to take care of their children discharged from hospitals in Western countries. However, the reliability and validity of this instrument has not been evaluated in Chinese populations.Objectives: Evaluate the psychometric features of the RHDS-Parent Form among Chinese parents of preterm infants. Methods: The RHDS-Parent Form was translated into a Chinese version following an international in-strument translation guideline. A total of 168 parents with preterm infants were recruited from the neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary-level hospitals in China. The internal consistency of this measure was assessed using the Cronbach's a coefficient;confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the construct validity;and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to report the convergent validity. Results: The Chinese version of RHDS (C-RHDS)-Parent Form included 22 items with 4 subscales, ac-counting for 56.71% of the total variance. The C-RHDS-Parent Form and its subscales showed good reliability (Cronbach's a values 0.78-0.92). This measure and its subscales showed positive correlations with the score of Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale. Conclusion: The factor structure of C-RHDS-Parent Form is partially consistent with the original English version. Future studies are needed to explore the factors within this measure before it is widely used in Chinese clinical care settings.

Evaluation on Genetic Diversity of Hybrid Parents Developed in Brassic napus

Genetic diversity of 50 Brassic napus varieties including 21 sterile lines, 16 restorer lines and 13 check cultivars was estimated by SSR and ISSR. The UPGMA results showed that 50 Brassica napus varieties were divided into 4 groups. The restorer lines tested were classified into groupsⅠⅢ respectively. The sterile lines tested were classified into groupⅣ. In addition, the sterile lines could be further divided into two subgroups: except 1471AB, all genic male sterile lines were in subgroupⅠ, 1471AB and all cytoplasmic male sterile lines were in the subgroupⅡ. The UPGMA results also indicated that the restorer lines had more genetic diversity than the sterile lines.

Distribution and Selective Effects of Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1,and Vrn-D1 Genes in Derivative Varieties from Four Cornerstone Breeding Parents of Wheat in China

Vernalization, the process of a long exposure to low temperature to induce flowering in plants, is essential for plants to adapt to cold winters. The presence of vernalization genes Vrn-A1, -B1, and -D1 in four cornerstone breeding parents of wheat in China （Funo, Mentana, Yanda 1817, and Bima 4） and 322 derivative varieties （mostly winter wheat） from these parents were determined using PCR based molecular method. The frequencies of the VRN-1 genes in these derivative varieties were in order of Vrn-Dl（67.1%）〉 Vrn-Bl（19.6%）〉 Vrn-Al（5.3%）, which are similar as the former conclusion that Vrn-D1 is associated with the latest heading time, Vrn-A1 the earliest, and Vrn-B1 intermediate values. The frequencies of Vrn-Al and Vrn-B1 loci in the derivative varieties from winter wheat zones were higher than that from spring winter zones. Based on the wheat breeding history in China and the fact of non-random distribution of Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 in the derivative varieties from the four parents, there could be a strong selective effect on VRN-1 genes in different regions where the derivative varieties were cultivated.