Determinants of COVID-19 Face Mask Litter in Coastal Urban Parking Lots: Implications for Source Modelling of Potential Microplastic Pollution

Despite cities being recognized as being potential sources of microplastic pollution to the wider environment, most surveys of COVID-19 plastic-based litter have been undertaken through linear transects of marine beaches. For the far fewer number of studies conducted on inland and urban locations, the site-specific focus has primarily been surveys along the length of streets. The present study is the first to specifically assess the standing stock (i.e., moment-in-time) of littered face masks for the entire surface area of urban parking lots. The density of face masks in 50 parking lots in a Canadian coastal town (0.00054 m2 ± 0.00051 m2) was found to be significantly greater than the background level of littering of town streets. Face mask density was significantly related to visitation “usage” of parking lots as gauged by the areal size of the lots and of their onsite buildings, as well as the number of vehicles present. Neither parking lot typology nor estimates of inferred export (various measures of wind exposure) and entrapment (various metrics of obstruction) of face masks had a significant influence on the extent of whole-lot littering. In consequence, modelling of the potential input of mask-derived microplastics to the marine environment from coastal communities can use the areal density of face masks found here in association with the total surface area of lots for individual municipalities as determined through GIS analysis.

Research on Planning and Design of Multi-Story Prefabricated Electric Bicycle Charging Parking Lot in Urban and Rural Areas

In recent years,disorderly parking and difficult charging of electric bicycles have been challenges in urban management.The rapid growth of electric bicycles is in contradiction with the lack of dedicated parking spaces and charging service facilities in towns and villages.To solve the issue of parking and charging electric bicycles in limited urban and rural spaces,prefabricated building technology is applied to the design of a multi-story electric bicycle parking lot.The multi-story prefabricated electric bicycle parking lot is utilized in urban and rural planning and design to upgrade parking facilities in old urban areas,land-constrained commercial areas,as well as counties,towns,and rural areas with inadequate municipal facilities.Multi-story prefabricated electric bicycle parking lots are the application exploration of industrial buildings,and promote the high-quality development planning and construction of towns and counties and villages.Compared with the single-story metal charging station,the multi-story assembled electric bicycle parking lot has the characteristics of integrating parking and charging,being more durable and safer in structure,accommodating a large number of vehicles,and improving the space utilization rate.

Planning of Public Parking Lots in Xiajiang County

In order to solve the contradiction between the rapid growth of urban motor vehicles and the lack of road traffic resources to fundamentally improve the problem of "difficult driving and difficult parking", it is necessary to carry out scientific planning and design of urban parking lots. The study analyzed the main problems of urban parking, discussed the planning principles and countermeasures of parking lot planning, and briefly introduced the practical experience of the special parking lot planning of the central urban area in Xiajiang County, Ji’an City, Jiangxi Province. It is hoped that through parking lot planning, the contradiction between supply and demand of urban parking can be effectively alleviated and the urban traffic environment can be improved.

Quantifying Contribution of DER-Integrated EV Parking Lots to Reliability of Power Distribution Systems

In the future smart cities,parking lots(PLs)can accommodate hundreds of electric vehicles(EVs)at the same time.This trend creates an opportunity for PLs to serve as a potential flexibility resource,considering growing penetration of EVs and integration of distributed energy resources DER(such as photovoltaic and energy storages).Given this background,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework to investigate the potential role of DER-integrated PLs(DPL)with the capability of vehicle-to-grid(V2G)in improving the reliability of the distribution network.For this aim,first,an overview for the distribution system with DPLs is provided.Then,a generic model for the available generation capacity(AGC)of DPLs with consideration of EV scheduling strategy is developed.On the above basis,an iterative-based algorithm leveraging sequential Monte Carlo simulation is presented to quantify the contribution of DPLs to the reliability of the system.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,a series of numerical studies are carried out.The simulation results show that the integration of DPLs with the V2G capability could help to improve the reliability performance of distribution grid to a great extent and reduce the adverse impact incurred by EV accommodation,if utilized properly.

Reservation Based Optimal Parking Lot Recommendation Model in Internet of Vehicle Environment

In order to solve the problem that the drivers can't find the optimal parking lot timely,a reservation based optimal parking lot recommendation model in Internet of Vehicle(IoV) environment is designed.Based on the users oriented parking information recommendation system,the model considers subjective demands of drivers comprehensively,makes a deeply analysis of the evaluation indicators.This recommendation model uses a phased selection method to calculate the optimal objective parking lot.The first stage is screening which based on the users' subjective parking demands;the second stage is processing the candidate parking lots through multiple attribute decision making.Simulation experiments show that this model can effectively solve the problems encountered in the process of finding optimal parking lot,save the driver's parking time and parking costs and also improve the overall utilization of parking facilities to ease the traffic congestion caused by vehicles parked patrol.

Hot Spot Analysis and Development Trend of Intelligent Roof Parking Lot:Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace Visualization Software

Using CiteSpace visualization software,literature research on roof parking lot in recent 20 years is analyzed,and the research direction and development of the relevant papers are integrated and induced.From utilization development,roof greening and technical practice,overall consideration and grasp of the feasibility of roof parking lot are conducted.Realization paths of two kinds of roof parking lots are provided:suspended PRT stereo parking lot and telescopic rail elevator,and it is committed to providing feasible suggestions and reference for future roof parking lot.

Area Classification of Surrounding Parking Facility Based on Land Use Functionality

The different land use surrounding parking facility has significant impact on parking behavior. This paper studies the functional classification of land use surrounding parking facility, which is fundamentally important for indepth research on parking behavior. 37 parking facilities located between the second and sixth ring roadway in Beijing were selected for this study. Based on the surveys conducted at these parking facilities, various parking behavior were analyzed, based on which the scope of the different parking was determined. The information on location, land use characteristics, public transport, the surrounding parking situations are collected for each investigated parking facility. Applying the SPSS clustering method, the threshold was developed for the classification. Totally, five categories are proposed for the land use functionality surrounding parking facility as the results of this study.

基于改进ALARP风险矩阵的危货运输车辆专用停车场安全性评价研究

为评估危货运输车辆专用停车场安全水平,降低危货车辆停放环节风险,提出一种基于改进ALARP风险矩阵的危货运输车辆停车场安全性评价方法。首先,基于事故案例统计数据、在开展致因分析、故障树构建、指标初选、信效度检验的基础上,构建危货运输车辆专用停车场安全风险评级指标体系;其次,结合贝叶斯网络、层次分析法、模糊综合评价法和改进ALARP的风险矩阵法,提出危货运输车辆专用停车场安全风险评价模型;再次,在考虑已知风险可能性、风险损失量化结果的基础上,基于改进ALARP风险矩阵得到专用停车场风险总评价量化值及评价等级;最后,以重庆市某危险货物运输车辆专用停车场为例开展验证分析,验证结果表明,研究所得到的评价结果与实际情况具有较高的一致性。

基于网格划分的老城区公园景观组合设计方法

为了提高景观配置效率,提出基于网格划分的老城区公园景观建设组合设计方法.数字影像内定向原始景观图像以生成正射影像模型,通过梯度分解提取边缘信息完成图像采样.结合空间区域特征匹配方程优化提取多维度景观数据,构建多维度景观图像的动态特征分布模型,在此基础上划分景观区域网格,并结合景观特征属性解析结果实现景观建设组合设计.通过城市公园的景观设计表明,所提方法能够有效提高景观配置效率,景观设计的规划效果较好.

考虑用户偏好的停车场共享泊位分配模型

城镇化、机动化的持续快速发展催生了城市停车问题,为缓解日益严峻的停车窘境,共享停车应运而生并受到广泛关注与研究。为弥补经典共享泊位分配模型对用户停车成本刻画及用户效益评价的缺失,基于共享停车既有研究及调研数据,构建共享停车选择意愿结构方程模型以分析用户偏好,标定结果显示:模型识别出停车费用、步行距离、违停罚款、寻停时间四类停车偏好,且路径系数依次降低。将结构方程模型识别结果及路径系数作为用户停车成本建模的依据,以经营平台收益与用户停车成本的差值表示系统效益,将系统效益最大化作为优化目标,综合泊位时空间约束,提出考虑用户偏好的停车场共享泊位分配模型。设计随机生成分配方案的蒙特卡洛算法,定义平台让利程度以评价用户效益。数值算例表明:设计的蒙特卡洛算法能够有效求解模型,在模拟次数约10000次后得到系统效益最大值;考虑用户偏好的停车场共享泊位分配模型能够将用户效益提升约7.5%,为共享经营平台权衡自身收益及用户效益提供一定的理论参考。

智能室内停车场定位导航系统设计

如今,各大商场的地下停车场日趋普遍化和复杂化。随着汽车持有量的急剧增长,车主在庞大的地下停车场中泊车寻车成为了难题。为此,提出了一种实现智能导航和停车管理的解决方案。依据室内定位及导航技术的应用需求,利用光敏模块、环形线圈检测及红外循迹技术,对停车场地形进行红外扫描,通过STM32单片机将数据传输到接收端。用户只需按照主控制器返回给终端的信息,即可快速实现点对点的定位服务。这一方案旨在提高人们出行的便捷性,并为加强城市停车规范管理提供可行性方案。

货运停车场出口与信号交叉口合理间距计算及拥堵改善措施

货运停车场出口与相邻信号交叉口距离过短容易造成主路的交通堵塞与货车的出行困难,该问题在物流园区出入口等货车占比较大的接入口也十分常见。为探究并减小货运停车场出口出行车辆对主路交通的影响,运用排队理论,参考无信号T型交叉口交通特征,建立货运停车场出入口与相邻信号交叉口合理距离计算模型,模型考虑货车车身长度、转弯半径等货车特征,对货车占比较大的接入口有更好的适用性。在实际场景中评价出入口与相邻信号交叉口距离的合理性,并对模型有效性进行验证,结果表明:构建模型的评价结果与场景实际情况均较为吻合,且能够较好地计算出货运停车场出口与相邻信号交叉口合理距离,实际场景中不能满足合理距离要求的货运停车场出口常出现货车出行困难,主路交通拥堵等不良交通状况。研究针对实际场景中出现的不良交通状况提出了相应改善措施。研究成果可为货运停车场出口接入管理提供理论指导。

单人行走激励下楼板振动响应分析与舒适度评价

竖向振动峰值加速度是评价楼板结构振动舒适度的重要指标之一,基于瑞典钢结构协会规程中以冲量形式表示单人行走激励为基础,将楼板结构近似简化为单自由度体系,仅考虑瞬态反应时单人行走激励下楼板一阶竖向振动峰值加速度计算方法。以云南省昭通市某立体停车场为工程算例,采用现场实测和有限元分析得到2块典型楼板在单人行走激励下的竖向振动峰值加速度,同时运用理论计算公式得到竖向振动峰值加速度。对比实测值、有限元分析值及理论计算值,并采用我国规范相关规定对2块楼板进行舒适度评价。研究结果表明,该立体停车场2块楼板在单人行走激励下实测竖向振动峰值加速度分别为0.059,0.051m/s^(2),均不满足舒适度要求;由单自由度体系简化方法得到的楼板竖向振动峰值加速度与实测值和有限元分析值均吻合良好,且得到的舒适度评价结果一致。

城市轨道交通带上盖物业开发的停车场无线通信覆盖方案及关键技术

[目的]城市轨道交通带上盖物业开发的停车场设计非常复杂,需增加较多的柱网,且上盖物业开发后,综合楼楼顶架设全向天线将无法覆盖停车场地面区域。为了有效解决带上盖物业开发的停车场无线通信覆盖,需对带上盖物业开发停车场的无线通信覆盖方案及关键技术进行研究。[方法]以西安地铁6号线带上盖物业开发的纺织城停车场TETRA(泛欧集群无线电)通信系统工程设计为依托,鉴于无线通信覆盖工程的难点,提出了无线通信系统的频率规划分配方案;针对该停车场的运用库、道岔区、出入段线以及场内非盖下区域道路,提出了无线通信覆盖方案。[结果及结论]纺织城停车场采用FA频组进行无线覆盖时,保证了频率间隔,避免了同频干扰;纺织城停车场引入公安无线通信系统,采用与专用无线通信系统信号合路覆盖方案;盖下停车场区域采用定向天线替代楼顶全向天线覆盖方式,其中运用库采用天线对射,咽喉区采用天线补强,U型槽采用天线覆盖解决越区切换,周边道路利用建筑物侧墙或立柱采用定向天线进行覆盖。提出的带上盖物业开发的停车场无线通信覆盖方案,降低了系统干扰以及对既有运营的影响,有效解决了盖下停车场的无线通信覆盖,节约了工程投资。

关于九龙公园地下停车场工程深基坑支护专项方案及监理控制要点分析

本文以九龙公园地下停车场工程项目为例,结合九龙公园地下停车场深基坑支护施工工艺的技术要点,对九龙公园地下停车场深基坑支护方案选择以钻孔灌注桩施工的方式,能够确保整个工程深基坑支护的施工稳定性和安全性。

中心城区停车场现状问题分析及对策建议——以黄冈市为例

当前,黄冈市中心城区停车位相对不足,停车难问题十分凸显,“停车难”“道路堵”已经成为妨碍城市整体环境提升、制约城区发展的难点与焦点问题。与此同时,随着城镇化建设进程的加快和国民生活水平的不断提高,机动车持续保持上升趋势,现有的停车设施存量无法适应该增长需求。面对上述停车问题的高压态势,缓解黄冈市中心城区停车供需矛盾,满足社会经济和停车发展的要求,促进黄冈市中心城区停车设施科学可持续发展需要引起高度重视。

基于动态步长梯度下降的EKF-SLAM改进算法

现代重型货物运输所处环境日益复杂,要求AGV-SLAM算法具备更高的鲁棒性和准确性以实现高精确装卸作业.因此,本文提出基于动态步长梯度下降的改进EKF-SLAM算法.首先对AGV行进过程建模分析,分别建立AGV的运动学模型和观测模型.考虑到EKF-SLAM算法在状态估计时可能引入的截断误差问题,本文针对AGV自身位姿和环境特征位置预测估计精确度较低的问题,提出了一种改进算法.该算法引入梯度下降算法,并结合动态步长策略,步长的取值与AGV系统的前进速度、采样时间正相关.仿真结果表明,该改进算法相较于标准EKF-SLAM算法,在停车场数据集下能够快速生成更优的估计路标和路径,从而在一定程度上提高了传统算法的鲁棒性和准确性,具有行业应用的参考价值.

轨道交通换乘停车场运营效果评价方法及其应用

换乘停车场作为城市交通体系中的重要节点,其运营效果影响城市交通环境,但目前对其评价研究较少。在对比换乘停车场与一般停车场的共性和特性,并分析换乘停车场运营效果影响因素的基础上,从停车效果、换乘效果和社会效果角度建立换乘停车场运营效果评价指标体系;依据《城市道路交通管理评价指标体系》及问卷调查结果,制定换乘停车场运营效果分级标准;并运用层次分析法建立换乘停车场运营效果评价模型,对苏州轨道交通龙道浜站换乘停车场进行评价,得出评价等级为C级,并提出运营管理建议。

自动双层停车场PLC控制系统设计

在经济不断发展的背景下,“停车难”成为城市交通的难题。而自动双层停车场可以做到自动停放寄存车辆,可以有效解决“停车难”问题。基于此,设计基于西门子S7-200PLC的升降横移式自动双层停车场控制系统。分析自动双层停车场功能需求,进行PLC选型及外部接线设计,最后进行控制系统的软件设计。

基于区块链的校园智能停车能源交易平台的设计

提出一个基于区块链的智能校园停车场电动汽车能源交易平台。智能停车场是能够同时支持电动汽车停车和充电服务的智能场所,该系统架构由物理和网络基础设施层组成,区块链技术是促进参与者之间能源交易的有效途径。定义了参与者、资产、交易以及相互之间的智能链接,研究了两种场景,一个场景是电动汽车作为卖方和控制器作为买方之间的能源交易,第二个场景是电动汽车作为买方和控制器作为卖方之间的能源交易。这种平台既为参与者提供了利润,又平衡了大学校园高峰时期的能源负载需求。