Understanding the spatial-temporal dynamics of crop nitrogen(N)use efficiency(NUE)and the relationship with explanatory environmental variables can support land-use management and policymaking.Nevertheless,the applica...Understanding the spatial-temporal dynamics of crop nitrogen(N)use efficiency(NUE)and the relationship with explanatory environmental variables can support land-use management and policymaking.Nevertheless,the application of statistical models for evaluating the explanatory variables of space-time variation in crop NUE is still under-researched.In this study,stepwise multiple linear regression(SMLR)and Random Forest(RF)were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of NUE indicators(i.e.,partial factor productivity of N(PFPN);partial nutrient balance of N(PNBN))at county scale in Northeast China(Heilongjiang,Liaoning and Jilin provinces)from 1990 to 2015.Explanatory variables included agricultural management practices,topography,climate,economy,soil and crop types.Results revealed that the PFPN was higher in the northern parts and lower in the center of the Northeast China and PNBN increased from southern to northern parts during the 1990–2015 period.The NUE indicators decreased with time in most counties during the study period.The model efficiency coefficients of the SMLR and RF models were 0.44 and 0.84 for PFPN,and 0.67 and 0.89 for PNBN,respectively.The RF model had higher relative importance of soil and climatic covariates and lower relative importance of crop covariates compared to the SMLR model.The planting area index of vegetables and beans,soil clay content,saturated water content,enhanced vegetation index in November&December,soil bulk density,and annual minimum temperature were the main explanatory variables for both NUE indicators.This is the first study to show the quantitative relative importance of explanatory variables for NUE at a county level in Northeast China using RF and SMLR.This novel study gives reference measurements to improve crop NUE which is one of the most effective means of managing N for sustainable development,ensuring food security,alleviating environmental degradation and increasing farmer’s profitability.展开更多
Insufficient N supply is an important constraint to productivity of lowland rice. Studies on N nutrition of rice cultivars with different durations representing the north western part of Indo-Gangetic Plains are scant...Insufficient N supply is an important constraint to productivity of lowland rice. Studies on N nutrition of rice cultivars with different durations representing the north western part of Indo-Gangetic Plains are scanty. A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2006 and 2007 at PAU, Ludhiana to assess the differences in grain yield and N utilization of three popular rice cultivars at varying N doses. Significant differences among genotypes were observed in grain yield, N uptake, N use efficiency and N utilization efficiency. The cultivar PAU-201 was found to be superior among all the tested genotypes. Total N uptake and grain N uptake was highest in cultivar PAU-201 followed by cultivars PR-115 and PR-113. On an average, the response to applied N for grain yield was observed upto 90 kg N ha1. Grain yield increased significantly up to 90 kg N hal in cultivars PR-115 and PAU-201 and up to 120 kg N ha1 in PR-113. Apparent recovery efficiency （ARE） and Partial factor productivity （PFPN） of N was significantly reduced at higher level of N （150 kg N hal）. It was concluded that N uptake is predominant factor in grain yield formation and cultivars differ in NUE suggesting that it may be possible to develop cultivars that are efficient at low nutrient level or are capable of using N more efficiently when applied as fertilizer.展开更多
通过总结2004/2005～2006/2007年3个年度在长江流域冬油菜主产区10个省（市）的72个田间试验数据,以产量、增产率、偏生产力、农学效率、生理利用率及表观利用率等指标分析了长江流域施钾增产效果及钾肥利用率,以期为油菜进一步增产提...通过总结2004/2005～2006/2007年3个年度在长江流域冬油菜主产区10个省（市）的72个田间试验数据,以产量、增产率、偏生产力、农学效率、生理利用率及表观利用率等指标分析了长江流域施钾增产效果及钾肥利用率,以期为油菜进一步增产提供依据.分析结果表明,长江流域冬油菜施钾效果显著,与对照不施钾处理相比,施用钾肥油菜籽平均增产量为349 kg hm-2,平均增产率为19.8％,其中增产率小于5％的试验数占总数的20.8％,另外,油菜籽增产率随着土壤速效钾含量的升高而明显下降;施钾处理油菜地上部钾素积累量比不施钾处理显著增加38.1％;钾肥的平均偏生产力、农学效率、生理利用率和表观利用率分别为21.1、2.9、8.5 kg·kg-1和46.7％.综合结果表明,在施用氮、磷及硼肥基础上增施钾肥能够明显提高油菜地上部的生物量及钾素的累积,从而增加油菜籽产量,且根据基础地力及油菜对钾的需求规律而合理施肥极为重要.展开更多
针对柴达木盆地马铃薯农业生产对水-肥-盐综合管理的需求,布置了5个滴灌施肥灌溉比例（施肥量分别为当地马铃薯施肥量的10%、30%、50%、70%、90%）的田间试验,试验通过控制滴头正下方20 cm处的土壤基质势下限高于-20 k Pa进行滴灌水盐...针对柴达木盆地马铃薯农业生产对水-肥-盐综合管理的需求,布置了5个滴灌施肥灌溉比例（施肥量分别为当地马铃薯施肥量的10%、30%、50%、70%、90%）的田间试验,试验通过控制滴头正下方20 cm处的土壤基质势下限高于-20 k Pa进行滴灌水盐调控和施肥灌溉。结果表明：在柴达木盆地、微咸水灌溉条件下,当滴头正下方20 cm深度土壤基质势控制在-20 k Pa以上,滴灌施肥灌溉阶段0~40 cm内土壤水分和盐分状况良好,但灌溉停止后土体中的盐分有增加的趋势;随着施肥比例的增加,马铃薯的株高、叶面积、地上生物量干质量及产量先增加再降低,当施肥比例为70%时达到最大。滴灌高频施肥灌溉且当施肥比例为当地马铃薯推荐施肥量的70%左右时,马铃薯既能获得高产,又可保证较高的水肥利用效率。展开更多
以采集的北京市海淀区东北旺试验站大量的田间实测数据为基础,对农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM)进行详细的参数灵敏度分析与标定,结果显示:标定模拟的土壤剖面体积含水量动态的精度较高,平均相对...以采集的北京市海淀区东北旺试验站大量的田间实测数据为基础,对农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM)进行详细的参数灵敏度分析与标定,结果显示:标定模拟的土壤剖面体积含水量动态的精度较高,平均相对误差为13.41%;标定模拟的土壤剖面硝态氮浓度动态的精度较低,平均的相对误差为29.69%;标定模拟的冬小麦叶面积指数、生物量和产量的平均相对误差分别为36.49%、24.18%和32.31%;标定模拟的夏玉米叶面积指数、生物量和产量的平均相对误差分别为31.76%、35.84%和26.44%。以上标定模拟的精度就田间实际情况而言,总体是可以接受的。经过详细的参数标定后的APSIM模型将为深入探讨不同农田管理措施下水氮利用效率的长期变化提供可靠的定量分析手段。展开更多
基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(201903250115)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972515)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-09-P31).
文摘Understanding the spatial-temporal dynamics of crop nitrogen(N)use efficiency(NUE)and the relationship with explanatory environmental variables can support land-use management and policymaking.Nevertheless,the application of statistical models for evaluating the explanatory variables of space-time variation in crop NUE is still under-researched.In this study,stepwise multiple linear regression(SMLR)and Random Forest(RF)were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of NUE indicators(i.e.,partial factor productivity of N(PFPN);partial nutrient balance of N(PNBN))at county scale in Northeast China(Heilongjiang,Liaoning and Jilin provinces)from 1990 to 2015.Explanatory variables included agricultural management practices,topography,climate,economy,soil and crop types.Results revealed that the PFPN was higher in the northern parts and lower in the center of the Northeast China and PNBN increased from southern to northern parts during the 1990–2015 period.The NUE indicators decreased with time in most counties during the study period.The model efficiency coefficients of the SMLR and RF models were 0.44 and 0.84 for PFPN,and 0.67 and 0.89 for PNBN,respectively.The RF model had higher relative importance of soil and climatic covariates and lower relative importance of crop covariates compared to the SMLR model.The planting area index of vegetables and beans,soil clay content,saturated water content,enhanced vegetation index in November&December,soil bulk density,and annual minimum temperature were the main explanatory variables for both NUE indicators.This is the first study to show the quantitative relative importance of explanatory variables for NUE at a county level in Northeast China using RF and SMLR.This novel study gives reference measurements to improve crop NUE which is one of the most effective means of managing N for sustainable development,ensuring food security,alleviating environmental degradation and increasing farmer’s profitability.
文摘Insufficient N supply is an important constraint to productivity of lowland rice. Studies on N nutrition of rice cultivars with different durations representing the north western part of Indo-Gangetic Plains are scanty. A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2006 and 2007 at PAU, Ludhiana to assess the differences in grain yield and N utilization of three popular rice cultivars at varying N doses. Significant differences among genotypes were observed in grain yield, N uptake, N use efficiency and N utilization efficiency. The cultivar PAU-201 was found to be superior among all the tested genotypes. Total N uptake and grain N uptake was highest in cultivar PAU-201 followed by cultivars PR-115 and PR-113. On an average, the response to applied N for grain yield was observed upto 90 kg N ha1. Grain yield increased significantly up to 90 kg N hal in cultivars PR-115 and PAU-201 and up to 120 kg N ha1 in PR-113. Apparent recovery efficiency （ARE） and Partial factor productivity （PFPN） of N was significantly reduced at higher level of N （150 kg N hal）. It was concluded that N uptake is predominant factor in grain yield formation and cultivars differ in NUE suggesting that it may be possible to develop cultivars that are efficient at low nutrient level or are capable of using N more efficiently when applied as fertilizer.
文摘通过总结2004/2005～2006/2007年3个年度在长江流域冬油菜主产区10个省（市）的72个田间试验数据,以产量、增产率、偏生产力、农学效率、生理利用率及表观利用率等指标分析了长江流域施钾增产效果及钾肥利用率,以期为油菜进一步增产提供依据.分析结果表明,长江流域冬油菜施钾效果显著,与对照不施钾处理相比,施用钾肥油菜籽平均增产量为349 kg hm-2,平均增产率为19.8％,其中增产率小于5％的试验数占总数的20.8％,另外,油菜籽增产率随着土壤速效钾含量的升高而明显下降;施钾处理油菜地上部钾素积累量比不施钾处理显著增加38.1％;钾肥的平均偏生产力、农学效率、生理利用率和表观利用率分别为21.1、2.9、8.5 kg·kg-1和46.7％.综合结果表明,在施用氮、磷及硼肥基础上增施钾肥能够明显提高油菜地上部的生物量及钾素的累积,从而增加油菜籽产量,且根据基础地力及油菜对钾的需求规律而合理施肥极为重要.
文摘针对柴达木盆地马铃薯农业生产对水-肥-盐综合管理的需求,布置了5个滴灌施肥灌溉比例（施肥量分别为当地马铃薯施肥量的10%、30%、50%、70%、90%）的田间试验,试验通过控制滴头正下方20 cm处的土壤基质势下限高于-20 k Pa进行滴灌水盐调控和施肥灌溉。结果表明：在柴达木盆地、微咸水灌溉条件下,当滴头正下方20 cm深度土壤基质势控制在-20 k Pa以上,滴灌施肥灌溉阶段0~40 cm内土壤水分和盐分状况良好,但灌溉停止后土体中的盐分有增加的趋势;随着施肥比例的增加,马铃薯的株高、叶面积、地上生物量干质量及产量先增加再降低,当施肥比例为70%时达到最大。滴灌高频施肥灌溉且当施肥比例为当地马铃薯推荐施肥量的70%左右时,马铃薯既能获得高产,又可保证较高的水肥利用效率。
文摘以采集的北京市海淀区东北旺试验站大量的田间实测数据为基础,对农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM)进行详细的参数灵敏度分析与标定,结果显示:标定模拟的土壤剖面体积含水量动态的精度较高,平均相对误差为13.41%;标定模拟的土壤剖面硝态氮浓度动态的精度较低,平均的相对误差为29.69%;标定模拟的冬小麦叶面积指数、生物量和产量的平均相对误差分别为36.49%、24.18%和32.31%;标定模拟的夏玉米叶面积指数、生物量和产量的平均相对误差分别为31.76%、35.84%和26.44%。以上标定模拟的精度就田间实际情况而言,总体是可以接受的。经过详细的参数标定后的APSIM模型将为深入探讨不同农田管理措施下水氮利用效率的长期变化提供可靠的定量分析手段。
