Partial pore blockage and polymer chain rigidification phenomena in PEO/ZIF-8 mixed matrix membranes synthesized by in situ polymerization

Nanostructured zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF-8) was incorporated into the mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate(PEGMEA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate(PETA) to synthesize mixed matrix membranes(MMMs) by in situ polymerization for CO_2/CH_4 separation. The solvent-free polymerization between PEGMEA and PETA was induced by UV light with 1-hydroxylcyclohexyl phenyl ketone as initiator. The chemical structural characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The average chain-to-chain distance of the polymer chains in MMMs was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The thermal property was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. The CH_4 and CO_2 gas transport properties of MMMs are reported. The relationship between gas permeation–separation performances or physical properties and ZIF-8 loading is also discussed. However, the permeation–separation performance was not improved in Robeson upper bound plot compared with original polymer membrane as predicted. The significant partial pore blockage and polymer rigidification effect around the ZIFs confirmed by the increase in glass temperature and the decrease in the d-spacing, were mainly responsible for the failure in performance improvement, which offset the high diffusion induced by porous ZIF-8.

一种基于Partial EIV模型的多项式拟合解法

针对多项式拟合模型系数矩阵中部分元素是某一自变量的函数的特点,根据Partial EIV模型的解算思想,将系数矩阵中自变量的函数作为随机元素提取,顾及泰勒展开的二阶项,由协方差传播律计算自变量函数的协因数阵进行平差解算。实验结果表明,系数矩阵的元素不再是单独的自变量时,使用该算法可以得到与已有非线性总体最小二乘方法相近的参数结果,从构造随机向量权阵的角度提供了一种新的解算方法。

坐标转换Partial-EIV总体最小二乘方法

在测量数据处理过程中,针对系数矩阵中同时存在随机元素和固定元素的情况,Xu等通过将随机元素分离使EIV模型推广到Partial-EIV模型,并给出基于Partial-EIV模型的总体最小二乘(TLS)算法。文中介绍该算法,并将其应用在平面及空间的坐标转换中,通过与最小二乘(LS)、总体最小二乘(TLS)及加权总体最小二乘(WTLS)方法的比较和分析,验证该算法有效性。

一种Partial EIV半参数模型的系统误差处理方法

在使用总体最小二乘求解参数时,若观测值中包含系统误差,此时得到的参数估值则会受到系统误差的影响,从而得到不可靠的解,因此必须削弱系统误差对参数估计的影响,以获得相对可靠的解。本文提出在partial errors-in-variables(Partial EIV)模型的基础上给观测值增加非参数部分(系统误差),从而构建Partial EIV半参数模型;基于补偿最小二乘准则进行公式推导,并分别通过选取适当的正则化矩阵及通过L曲线法确定平滑因子。通过算例结果分析表明,与传统方法相比,本文的方法在一定程度上能够削弱系统误差的影响,得到更为可靠的参数解,从而验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。

A New Relationship Between Partial Orders of Normal Matrices and Their Squares

A new relationship between partial orders of normal matrices and their squares is established.

Comparison of Calibration Curve Method and Partial Least Square Method in the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Quantitative Analysis

The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, non-contact, no sample preparation analytic technology;it is very suitable for on-line analysis of alloy composition. In the copper smelting industry, analysis and control of the copper alloy concentration affect the quality of the products greatly, so LIBS is an efficient quantitative analysis tech- nology in the copper smelting industry. But for the lead brass, the components of Pb, Al and Ni elements are very low and the atomic emission lines are easily submerged under copper complex characteristic spectral lines because of the matrix effects. So it is difficult to get the online quantitative result of these important elements. In this paper, both the partial least squares (PLS) method and the calibration curve (CC) method are used to quantitatively analyze the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy data which is obtained from the standard lead brass alloy samples. Both the major and trace elements were quantitatively analyzed. By comparing the two results of the different calibration method, some useful results were obtained: both for major and trace elements, the PLS method was better than the CC method in quantitative analysis. And the regression coefficient of PLS method is compared with the original spectral data with background interference to explain the advantage of the PLS method in the LIBS quantitative analysis. Results proved that the PLS method used in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy was suitable for simultaneous quantitative analysis of different content elements in copper smelting industry.

On the Construction of the Kernel Matrix by Primitive BCH Codes for Polar Codes

The polar codes defined by the kernel matrix are a class of codes with low coding-decoding complexity and can achieve the Shannon limit. In this paper, a novel method to construct the 2n-dimensional kernel matrix is proposed, that is based on primitive BCH codes that make use of the interception, the direct sum and adding a row and a column. For ensuring polarization of the kernel matrix, a solution is also put forward when the partial distances of the constructed kernel matrix exceed their upper bound. And the lower bound of exponent of the 2n-dimensional kernel matrix is obtained. The lower bound of exponent of our constructed kernel matrix is tighter than Gilbert-Varshamov (G-V) type, and the scaling exponent is better in the case of 16-dimensional.

Numerical Solution for Fractional Partial Differential Equation with Bernstein Polynomials

A framework to obtain numerical solution of the fractional partial differential equation using Bernstein polynomials is presented. The main characteristic behind this approach is that a fractional order operational matrix of Bernstein polynomials is derived. With the operational matrix, the equation is transformed into the products of several dependent matrixes which can also be regarded as the system of linear equations after dispersing the variable. By solving the linear equations, the numerical solutions are acquired. Only a small number of Bernstein polynomials are needed to obtain a satisfactory result. Numerical examples are provided to show that the method is computationally efficient.

Legendre Approximation for Solving Linear HPDEs and Comparison with Taylor and Bernoulli Matrix Methods

The aim of this study is to give a Legendre polynomial approximation for the solution of the second order linear hyper-bolic partial differential equations (HPDEs) with two variables and constant coefficients. For this purpose, Legendre matrix method for the approximate solution of the considered HPDEs with specified associated conditions in terms of Legendre polynomials at any point is introduced. The method is based on taking truncated Legendre series of the functions in the equation and then substituting their matrix forms into the given equation. Thereby the basic equation reduces to a matrix equation, which corresponds to a system of linear algebraic equations with unknown Legendre coefficients. The result matrix equation can be solved and the unknown Legendre coefficients can be found approximately. Moreover, the approximated solutions of the proposed method are compared with the Taylor [1] and Bernoulli [2] matrix methods. All of computations are performed on a PC using several programs written in MATLAB 7.12.0.

Statistical Analysis for Constant-stress Partially Accelerated Life Test with Interval Censored Data

In this paper, a statistical analysis method is proposed to research life characteristics of products based on the partially accelerated life test. We discuss the statistical analysis for constant-stress partially accelerated life tests with Lomax distribution based on interval censored samples. The EM algorithm is used to obtain the maximum likelihood estimations(MLEs) and interval estimations for the shape parameter and acceleration factor.The average relative errors(AREs), mean square errors(MSEs), the confidence intervals for the parameters, and the influence of the sample size are discussed. The results show that the AREs and MSEs of the MLEs decrease with the increase of sample size. Finally, a simulation sample is used to estimate the reliability under different stress levels.

用于夹层梁静动力及屈曲分析的新型组合结构单元

推导出新型组合结构单元,用于考虑界面滑移的3层部分作用夹层组合梁的静动力及屈曲特性分析.基于铁木辛柯梁理论,建立考虑夹层梁部分作用效应的能量原理.针对其受力特性,在节点位移、横截面转角和界面滑移插值时均采用含内部自由度的高阶插值函数,以解决含界面有限元数值分析中常遇到的“滑移锁定”现象.通过变分原理得到夹层梁的刚度矩阵、质量矩阵以及几何刚度矩阵的显示表达式.基于MATLAB编译相应夹层结构的有限元程序并验证其准确性.对不同截面3层夹层组合梁进行不同荷载条件和边界条件下的静动力及屈曲特性分析,并探讨不同夹层组合梁跨高比和不同界面抗剪连接刚度下的计算结果及其误差的变化规律.所推导的显示表达式新型组合结构单元计算效率高,并便于推广应用于其他有限元程序或商业软件子程序中.

基于分数阶偏微分的数字图像滤波去噪仿真

受多种因素影响,数字图像会呈现出不同程度的噪声图斑,导致图像质量、清晰度降低,加大了图像分析、检测、分割等难度,为此,提出基于偏微分方程的图像自适应滤波去噪算法。区分图像噪声点和非噪声点,检测图像的边缘特征,提高算法对边缘的保留能力;构建分数阶偏微分方程模型,通过模型完成对图像的自适应滤波去噪处理。选取含有不同程度的噪声图像对所提方法展开实验测试,结果表明,所提方法可以有效去除图像中的冗余噪声,使图像整体质量得到大幅度提升。

基于Transformer紧凑编码的局部近重复视频检测算法

针对现有局部近重复视频检测算法特征存储消耗大、整体查询效率低、提取特征时并未考虑近重复帧之间细微的语义差异等问题,文中提出了一种基于Transformer紧凑编码的局部近重复视频检测算法。首先,提出了一个基于Transformer的特征编码器,其学习了大量近重复帧之间细微的语义差异,可以在编码帧特征时对各个区域特征图引入自注意力机制,在有效降低帧特征维度的同时也提高了编码后特征的表示性。该特征编码器通过孪生网络训练得到,该网络不需要负样本就可以有效学习近重复帧之间的相似语义信息,因此无需沉重和困难的难负样本标注工作,使得训练过程更加简易和高效。其次,提出了一个基于视频自相似度矩阵的关键帧提取方法,可以从视频中提取丰富但不冗余的关键帧,从而使关键帧特征序列能够更全面地描述原视频内容,提升算法的性能,同时也大幅减少了存储和计算冗余关键帧带来的开销。最后,基于关键帧的低维紧凑编码特征,采用基于图网络的时间对齐算法,实现局部近重复视频片段的检测和定位。该算法在公开的局部近重复视频检测数据集VCDB上取得了优于现有算法的实验性能。

基于IGGⅢ抗差估计的GNSS部分模糊度固定改进算法

针对滑坡等复杂环境下GNSS观测数据受高遮挡、多路径等因素影响,易使模糊度固定成功率降低进而导致定位可靠性变差的问题,提出一种基于IGGⅢ抗差估计的GNSS部分模糊度固定改进算法。通过引入抗差估计算法,削弱粗差对参数估计的影响,提升浮点模糊度精度;此外,为避免残余误差对后续整周模糊度解算产生影响,采用基于条件方差矩阵法的部分模糊度固定改进策略,进一步提升模糊度固定成功率。实验结果表明,相比于全模糊度固定方法,该算法可显著提高模糊度固定率,3个测站分别提升5.9%、52.7%、48.0%;同时,相比于传统的卡尔曼滤波算法,改进的抗差估计算法可明显改善模糊度固定错误的情况,极大提升GNSS定位精度,水平方向RMS优于1cm,高程方向RMS优于2cm。

部分服务台同步多重休假的排队库存系统

本文研究了(s,S)库存策略的多服务台排队库存系统,其中库存为空时有部分服务台同步多重休假,休假时间服从指数分布。顾客到达为泊松过程,每个服务台的服务时间和补货时间均服从指数分布。利用拟生灭过程和矩阵几何解法,计算了系统稳态概率和一些性能指标,并给出了系统单位时间的平均费用函数。最后,通过数值算例分析了参数对费用函数的影响,并得到最优库存策略和最优平均费用。

多模态图像局部极值点特征生成方法仿真

针对因多模态图像特征种类较多、存在噪声干扰导致的特征生成难度较大的问题,提出一种基于改进CNN的图像局部特征生成方法。引入注意力机制,计算像素分布序列中上一时刻与下一时刻之间的信息模态关联,针对图像中的不同区域均给出同等权重,获取区域信息。建立灰度共生矩阵,矩阵中每一层都有与自身相对应的像素值,提取待生成图像的全局灰度均值,在矩阵中查找局部极值点的对应层次,提取该层次中梯度量级和偏导系数,通过偏导系数与全局特征调试对比,实现多模态图像局部特征生成。实验结果表明,所提方法针对样本图像的特征生成效果较好,基本不受图像噪点和局部遮挡的影响。

电力系统快速静态安全分析的改进算法

传统的静态安全分析研究集中在处理电力系统元件开断后的分配不平衡功率和快速潮流算法上。电网发展和安全需求的提高要求静态安全分析系统能容纳多种复杂模型,适应不同种类多个元件的切除、增加和参数修改。结合PQ分解法的收敛特性提出统一的模型处理原则;基于部分因子修正的快速算法提出因子表附加链技术;用动态网络接线分析方法减少计算用时。这些原则和方法解决了静态安全分析系统对模型和新增元件的要求,实现了快速性、准确性和收敛性相结合,具有较好的理论价值和应用前景。中国电网的算例证明了所提方法的有效性。

用改进的光滑约束最小二乘正交分解法实现电阻率三维反演

对三维电阻率反演问题进行了深入研究,提供了一种利用地表观测数据实现三维反演的实用算法.该方法应用有限差分求正演解,并通过对粗糙度矩阵元素进行适当改进,使之适用于各种情况下粗糙度矩阵的求取,进而建立在模型的总粗糙度极小条件下的反演方程.对反演方程采用收敛速度快且稳定的最小二乘正交分解(LSQR)法进行迭代求解,在迭代求解过程中只需利用偏导数矩阵和其转置矩阵乘以一个向量的结果,回避了直接求偏导数矩阵的繁琐计算,节省了内存,加快了反演的计算速度.不同的计算实例表明上述方法是求解大规模三维电阻率反演问题的有效方法.

稀疏向量技术在静态安全分析中的应用

提出了一种基于稀疏向量技术的快速算法。该算法采用稀疏向量法、基于因子表路径树的矩阵部分重新因子化法、快速前代/回代法等稀疏向量技术,充分利用了矩阵的稀疏性,避免了求解电力网络方程中的不必要计算,使静态安全分析程序的计算效率得到显著的提高。通过对IEEE-118、IEEE-300算例系统的验算分析,表明了该算法能够显著地减少计算量、缩短计算时间、提高计算速度。

电阻率三维反演中偏导数矩阵的求取与分析

利用共轭梯度选代技术的电阻车三维反演法是近年来发展的快造、有效的方法，它只需求取Jacobian矩阵G与任一向量x的乘积Gx及GT与任一向量y的乘积结果GTy，避免直接求取G和GTG，从而大大地减少了工作量。在此基础上，本文引入求取G的Rodi算法，导出了E-SCAN三维数据反演中Gx及GTy的拓展形式，只需作一次正演便可同时求得Gx及GTy，实现了每次反演迭代仅需作一次正演计算，从而大大地提高了运算速度。此外，本文还对灵敏度矩阵进行了分析，讨论了E-SCAN测量区域以外的分群情况，这对实际数据的反演解释有重要的意义。