Partial transmitting sequence method based on trellis factor search

To obtain good trade-offs between complexity and performance onpeak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)using partial transmitting sequence (PTS) schemes, a trellis structure based PTS factor searchmethod is proposed. The trellis search is with a variant constraint length L_C, 1 ≤ L_C ≤ V-1,where V is the number of PTS subblocks. The method is to decide a PTS factor by searching all thepossible paths obtained by varying L_C consecutive factors. The trellis search can be viewed as ageneral PTS factor search model. If L_C = V-1, it is a full search, and if L_C = 1, it is aniterative search. Using different constraint lengths, trellis factor search PTS exhibits differentPAPR reduction performances. A larger L_C results in a better performance and L_C = V-1 results inthe optimum. However, a larger L_C requires more computation. This helps to choose a good trade-offbetween complexity and performance.

Multi-object tracking based on behaviour and partial observation

To cope with multi-object tracking under real-world complex situations, a new video-based method is proposed. In the detecting step, the moving objects are segmented with the third level DWT （discrete wavelet transform ）and background difference. In the tracking step, the Kalman filter and scale parameter are used first to estimate the object position and bounding box. Then, the center-association-based projection ratio and region-association-based occlusion ratio are defined and combined to judge object behaviours. Finally, the tracking scheme and Kalman parameters are adaptively adjusted according to object behaviour. Under occlusion, partial observability is utilized to obtain the object measurements and optimum box dimensions. This method is robust in tracking mobile objects under such situations as occlusion, new appearing and stablization, etc. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient.

Testing Linearity of Nonparametric Component in Partially Linear Model

In this paper, we propose the test statistic to check whether the nonparametric function in partially linear models is linear or not. We estimate the nonparametric function in alternative by using the local linear method, and then estimate the parameters by the two stage method. The test statistic under the null hypothesis is calculated, and it is shown to be asymptotically normal.

Influence of signal-to-noise ratio on accuracy of spectral analysis by near infrared spectroscopy

As one of the important indicators of spectrometer,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)reflects the ability of spectrometer to detect weak signals.To investigate the influence of SNR on the prediction accuracy of spectral analysis,we first introduce the major factors affecting the spectral SNR.Taking green tea as an example,the influence of spectral SNR on the prediction accuracy of the origin identification model is analyzed by experiments.At the same time,the relationship between the spectral SNR and prediction accuracy of spectral analysis model is fitted.Based on this,the common methods for improving the spectral SNR are discussed.The results show that the accuracy of the prediction set model first decreases slowly,then decreases linearly,and finally tends to be flat as the spectral SNR decreases.Through calculation,in order to achieve the prediction accuracy of prediction model reaching 90%and 85%,the spectral SNR is required to be higher than 23.42 dB and 21.16 dB,respectively.The overall results provide certain parameters support for the development of new online analytical spectroscopic instruments,especially for the technical indicators of SNR.

Application of Complex Daubechies Wavelet in UHF Partial Discharge Measurements

On-line partial discharge(PD)detection still remains a very challenging task because of the strong electromagnetic interferences.In this paper,a new method of de-noising,using complex Daubechies wavelet(CDW)transform,has been proposed.It is a relatively recent enhancement to the real-valued wavelet transform because of tow important properties,which are nearly shift-invariant and availability of phase information.Those properties give CDW transform superiority over other real-valued wavelet transform,and then the construction algorithm of CDW is introduced in detail.Secondly,based on the real threshold algorithm of real-valued wavelet transform,complex threshold algorithm is devised.This algorithm take the different characteristics of real part and imaginary part of complex wavelet coefficients into account,it modifies the real and imaginary parts of complex wavelet coefficients respectively.Thirdly,to obtain a real de-noised signal,new combined information series is devised.By applying different combination of real part and imaginary part of de-noised complex signal,a real de-noised signal can be restored with higher peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and less distortion of original signals.Finally,On-site applications of extracting PD signals from noisy background by the optimal de-noising scheme based on CDW are illustrated.The on-site experimental results show that the optimal de-noising scheme is an effective way to suppress white noise in PD measurement.

The direct ionization processes in the collisions of partially stripped carbon and oxygen ions with helium atoms at low-to-intermediate energies

The values of direct double- to-single ionization ratio R of helium atoms induced by C^q＋, O^q＋ （q = 1 -4） ions at incident energies from 0.2 to 8.5MeV are measured. Based on the existing model （Shao J X, Chen X M and Ding B W 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 012701） the effective charge of the projectile is introduced to theoretically estimate the value of R for the partially stripped ions impacting on helium atoms. The results calculated from our ＂effective charge＂ model are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the dependence of the effective charge on the ionization energy of the projectile is also discussed qualitatively.

Ductility Analysis of Partially Prestressed Concrete Beams

According to the experimental results of model beams, the curvature of a partially prestressed concrete beam is defined, then the influence of PPR(partial prestressing ratio), net reinforcement index, concrete strength and fatigue on ductility of partially prestressed concrete beam are discussed respectively.

Testing Equality of Nonparametric Functions in Two Partially Linear Models

We propose the test statistic to check whether the nonpararnetric functions in two partially linear models are equality or not in this paper. We estimate the nonparametric function both in null hypothesis and the alternative by the local linear method, where we ignore the parametric components, and then estimate the parameters by the two stage method. The test statistic is derived, and it is shown to be asymptotically normal under the null hypothesis.

Phase Factor Sequences Algorithm in Partial Transmit Sequence

Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is a promising technique for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) re-duction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). While in optimal PTS, an exhaustive search for all combinations of phase factor sequences is required, this results in huge computation. In this paper, by introducing the orthogonal design, a phase factor sequences algorithm is proposed. The algorithm uses orthogonal table to gen-erate phase factor sequences, and the regular PAPR computation result is then followed by the parameter estima-tion. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm reduces the computation notably and obtains a good PAPR performance approaching the optimal PTS.

PSO-DBNet for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Using Deep Belief Network

Data transmission through a wireless network has faced various signal problems in the past decades.The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)technique is widely accepted in multiple data transfer patterns at various frequency bands.A recent wireless communication network uses OFDM in longterm evolution(LTE)and 5G,among others.The main problem faced by 5G wireless OFDM is distortion of transmission signals in the network.This transmission loss is called peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR).This wireless signal distortion can be reduced using various techniques.This study uses machine learning-based algorithm to solve the problem of PAPR in 5G wireless communication.Partial transmit sequence(PTS)helps in the fast transfer of data in wireless LTE.PTS is merged with deep belief neural network(DBNet)for the efficient processing of signals in wireless 5G networks.Result indicates that the proposed system outperforms other existing techniques.Therefore,PAPR reduction in OFDM by DBNet is optimized with the help of an evolutionary algorithm called particle swarm optimization.Hence,the specified design supports in improving the proposed PAPR reduction architecture.

A correlation OPTS algorithm for reducing peak to average power ratio of FBMC-OQAM systems

A correlation overlapping partial transmit sequence(C-OPTS) algorithm is proposed to solve the issue of high complexity of overlapping partial transmit sequence(OPTS) algorithm in suppressing the peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of filter bank multicarrier-offset quadrature amplitude modulation(FBMC-OQAM) signals.The V subblocks in partial transmit sequence(PTS) are regrouped into U combinations according to the correlation coefficient p,and overlapping subblocks are allowed between adjacent groups.The search starts from the first group and sets the phase factors of the subsequent groups to 1.When the phase factors of the non-overlapping subblocks in the first group are determined,the subsequent groups are searched in turn to determine their respective phase factors.Starting from the second data block,the data overlapped with it should be taken into account when determining its optimal phase factor vector.Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that compared with the OPTS algorithm,the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computational complexity at the cost of slight deterioration of PAPR performance.Meanwhile,compared with the even-odd iterative double-layers OPTS(ID-OPTS) algorithm,it can further reduce the complexity and obtain a better PAPR suppression effect.

部分多聚焦叠加方法在准噶尔盆地低信噪比地震资料中的应用

多聚焦叠加是目前已知的最佳零偏移距叠加成像方式。对多聚焦叠加方法做改进,利用得到的波场参数来提高叠前地震资料的质量。利用多聚焦波场参数做部分多聚焦叠加,对菲涅尔带内的多个相邻CMP(共中心点)道集做倾角、曲率等校正后合并为一个道集即多聚焦超道集(部分多聚焦叠加),可以补齐缺失地震道,实现叠前数据规则化,并提高信噪比,从而使得叠前道集中的同相轴尤其是来自深层的反射轴有更好的连续性,有利于识别和追踪。提高质量后的叠前道集可用于后续的速度分析、叠加、偏移等常规处理中,效果好于原始CMP道集。模型和实际地震数据的处理结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,该方法在低信噪比地震资料处理中将会有广阔的应用前景。

通气效率和静息潮气末二氧化碳分压对肺癌切除术后心肺并发症的预测价值

目的分析每分钟通气量与二氧化碳输出量(V_(E)/VCO_(2))斜率和静息潮气末二氧化碳分压(PetCO_(2))对肺癌切除术后心肺并发症的预测价值。方法收集2020年3月至2023年11月期间201例接受肺切除手术的早期非小细胞肺癌患者。所有患者术前均进行肺功能检查、心肺运动试验。随访记录患者术后30 d内的术后心肺并发症、重症监护病房(ICU)住院时间(LOS)、医院LOS、ICU再次入住率和死亡率。结果共有32例患者发生术后心肺并发症,纳入并发症组,其余患者纳入无并发症组(n=169)。并发症组患者的医院LOS、ICU LOS、ICU再次入住率均高于无并发症组(P<0.05)。与无并发症组相比,并发症组静息PetCO_(2)、V_(E)/VCO_(2)斜率显著升高(P<0.05)。经单因素及多因素Logistics分析,静息PetCO_(2)、V_(E)/VCO_(2)斜率为肺癌切除术后发生心肺并发症的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。静息PetCO_(2)预测肺癌切除术后发生心肺并发症的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.810(95%CI:0.741~0.880),与VE/VCO_(2)斜率[0.795(95%CI:0.720~0.871)]无显著差异。经Spearman秩相关分析及多元线性回归校正,静息PetCO_(2)与ICU LOS(r=-0.295,P<0.001)、医院LOS((V-0.271,P<0.001)呈负相关;VE/VCO_(2)斜率与ICU LOS(r=0.314,P<0.001)、医院LOS(r=0.301,P<0.001)呈正相关。结论静息PetCO_(2)和V_(E)/VCO_(2)斜率预测肺癌切除术后心肺并发症效能相似,这表明静息PetCO_(2)可以作为不能或不愿意接受CPET的患者的V_(E)/VCO_(2)斜率替代品。

广义频分复用系统峰均功率比抑制算法

为了降低广义频分复用系统存在着多载波系统中固有的高峰均功率比问题,本文提出了一种适用于广义频分复用系统的子载波抑制高峰均功率比算法。该算法以限幅法为基础,降低了系统的高峰均功率比,但与限幅法不同的是,该算法几乎不会对带外性能及误码率性能造成影响。由于子载波抑制高峰均功率比算法的峰均功率比抑制性能略差于限幅法,因此本文进一步提出将部分序列传输与子载波抑制高峰均功率比结合来进一步抑制系统高峰均功率比的算法。仿真表明:本文提出的算法的高峰均功率比抑制性能与限幅法相同,且不会对系统的带外与误码率性能造成影响。

基于施工全过程健康监测的装配式部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构体系动力特性研究

为研究装配式部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构的动力特性,基于世博文化公园双子山项目,采用全过程健康监测手段对装配式PEC结构体系施工全过程的应力、加速度进行监测,研究其阻尼比和自振频率在施工过程中的变化情况,将实测结果与有限元计算结果进行对比。结果表明:结构应力计算值、自振频率计算值等均与实测值吻合较好,验证了结构施工全过程仿真模拟计算的合理性。施工过程中PEC框架梁柱及节点后浇区的型钢及混凝土应力实际监测结果均满足强度要求。节点后浇区混凝土浇筑前后,结构自振周期和阻尼比差别较小;结构顶部覆土恒载施加完成后,结构的自振周期和阻尼比均较之前有所增大。结构设计时阻尼比取0.04,小于施工完成后的阻尼比实测值最小值0.046,阻尼比取值偏于安全,设计阻尼比取值合理。

开挖补偿法防控深部地下岩爆灾害——引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞案例分析

Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation,yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions.Consequently,rockburst control remains challenging in the engineering field.In this study,the mechanism of excavation-induced rockburst was briefly described,and it was proposed to apply the excavation compensation method(ECM)to rockburst control.Moreover,a field test was carried out on the Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel.The following beneficial findings were obtained:Excavation leads to changes in the engineering stress state of surrounding rock and results in the generation of excess energy DE,which is the fundamental cause of rockburst.The ECM,which aims to offset the deep excavation effect and lower the risk of rockburst,is an active support strategy based on high pre-stress compensation.The new negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)bolt developed has the mechanical characteristics of high strength,high toughness,and impact resistance,serving as the material basis for the ECM.The field test results reveal that the ECM and the NPR bolt succeed in controlling rockburst disasters effectively.The research results are expected to provide guidance for rockburst support in deep underground projects such as Sichuan-Xizang Railway.

基于调研数据的部分斜拉桥设计关键参数研究

针对部分斜拉桥设计关键参数缺少足够规范指导的问题,通过对国内外的部分斜拉桥进行设计主要参数调研统计,并与现有相关规范、科研成果进行对比研究,讨论了部分斜拉桥各型结构体系适用性、拉索布置形式,总结给出拉索倾角和间距、边主跨比、塔跨比、索梁刚度比和无索区长度等重要设计参数取值范围。结果表明,拉索倾角一般为11°~35°,主梁上拉索间距一般采用3.5 m~8 m,塔上的拉索间距一般采用0.5 m~1.2 m;3跨布置时,边主跨比一般集中在0.41~0.70,塔跨比宜采用1/3~1/13,索梁刚度比宜小于30;主跨跨中无索区长度与跨径之比宜取0.06~0.21。

混合联肢部分外包组合剪力墙基于两阶段耗能的塑性设计方法研究

混合联肢部分外包组合剪力墙结构是一种典型的两阶段耗能结构体系。依据现行设计规范设计的混合联肢部分外包组合剪力墙结构对结构弹塑性阶段的整体性能缺乏考虑,在设防地震和罕遇地震作用下结构的屈服顺序难以控制。基于混合联肢部分外包组合剪力墙结构体系“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”的三水准抗震设防性能目标,提出结构两阶段耗能的塑性设计方法。以目标位移和理想破坏模式作为预测结构弹塑性受力状态性能目标,针对不同地震水准下的性能目标,考虑耦连比对结构合理耗能机制的影响,将结构的能力曲线等效为三线型,改进了传统基于能量平衡的塑性设计方法,保证结构在设防地震及罕遇地震下实现理想屈服顺序,避免薄弱层产生。采用建议的设计方法设计了一个12层结构算例,并采用ABAQUS对算例进行推覆分析和弹塑性时程分析。结果表明,采用基于两阶段耗能的塑性设计方法预测的中震及大震下结构顶点位移角与数值分析结果误差分别为0.5%和12.1%,最大层间位移角满足结构弹塑性层间位移角的要求。算例结构能够实现“强节点弱构件、强墙肢弱连梁”合理的屈服顺序,保证结构预期的失效机制和不同地震水准作用下的性能目标,验证了基于两阶段耗能的塑性设计方法的有效性。

施氏假单胞菌菌剂的好氧生长条件优化及其短程反硝化性能

短程反硝化是目前生物脱氮技术的研究热点之一,但有关短程反硝化菌剂的研究仍较为匮乏.该文从污水厂活性污泥中分离了1株兼具异养氨氧化能力和短程反硝化能力的施氏假单胞菌(Stutzerimonas stutzeri WH-01).通过单因素优化试验,逐步确定了WH-01菌剂在好氧条件下的最适生长参数:以300 mg·L^(-1)氨氮为氮源、以1500 mg·L^(-1)葡萄糖为碳源、培养温度为35℃,初始pH为8.0.以乙酸钠为碳源时,WH-01菌剂虽具有全程反硝化能力,但会优先进行短程反硝化:在培养基中的亚硝氮积累效率为81%,在实际污水中的亚硝氮积累效率为97%.上述结果表明WH-01菌剂具有工程应用的潜力.

部分排水条件下静力触探试验力学机理研究

在自然状态下,大部分土体的约束条件介于完全排水和不排水两者之间。在孔压静力触探试验(piezocone penetrationtest,CPTU)的贯入过程中,受探头尺寸、贯入速度和岩土材料等因素的影响,将发生部分排水现象。为研究排水条件对CPTU试验数据的影响,开展三轴压缩试验。引入应变增量比,建立考虑渐近状态的修正剑桥(Modified Cam-Clay,MCC)模型。推导考虑渐近状态MCC模型的柱孔扩张理论,提出CPTU测试数据的力学模型。通过数值模拟和模型槽试验,研究归一化贯入速度与排水系数的规律。结合CPTU数据的力学模型,获得应变增量比与排水系数的数理关系。最后以上海市苏州河地区深层排水调蓄管道系统工程的测试数据为背景,验证力学模型的正确性。结果表明:在部分排水条件下,利用考虑渐近状态的MCC模型,能够描述土体的应力-应变关系,合理解释CPTU贯入的力学机理。