Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Wave Forces on APartially-Perforated Caisson Breakwater with A Rock-Filled Core

The total horizontal and vertical forces acting on a partially-perforated caisson breakwater and their phase difference are investigated in this study. The perforated breakwater sits on the rubble tilled foundation, and has a rock-filled core. An analytical solution is developed based on the eigenfunction expansion and matching method to solve the wave field around the breakwater. The finite element method is used for simulating the wave-induced tlow in the rabble-filled foundation. Experiments are also conducted to study the wave forces on the perforated caissons. Numerical predictions of the present model are compared with experimental resuhs. The phase differences between the total horizontal and vertical forces are particularly analyzed by means of experimental and numerical results. The major factors that affect the wave forces are examined.

THE FREE BENDING VIBRATION OF CYLINDRICAL TANK PARTIALLY FILLED WITH-LIQUID AND SUBMERGED IN WATER

This paper studies the free bending vibration of cylindrical tank partially filled with liquid and submerged in water. The depths of liquid and water may be completely arbitrary. The exact calculating formulae of mode shape functions and inherent frequencies are deduced. The results can be gained by means of computer. The analysis shows that the effect of liquid and water on vibration of cylindrical tank is respectively equivalent to a generalized distributive mass attached to the tank.

Reflection of regular and irregular waves from a partially perforated caisson breakwater with a rock-filled core

The reflection of regular and irregular waves from a partially perforated caisson breakwater with a rock-filled core is examined. The present mathematical model is developed by means of the matched eigenfunction method. Numerical results of the present model are compared with the experimental data of different researchers. Numerical examples are given to examine the effect of rock fill on the reflection coefficient. The differences between regular and irregular waves are also investigated by means of theoretical and experimental results. It is found that the minimum reflection coefficient of irregular waves is larger than that of corresponding regular waves, but the contrary is the case for the maximum reflection coefficient.

A New Processing Method for the Nonlinear Signals Produced by Electromagnetic Flowmeters in Conditions of Pipe Partial Filling

When a pipe is partially filled with a given working liquid,the relationship between the electromotive force(EMF)measured by the sensor(flowmeter)and the average velocity is nonlinear and non-monotonic.This relationship varies with the inclination of the pipe,the fluid density,the pipe wall friction coefficient,and other factors.Therefore,existing measurement methods cannot meet the accuracy requirements of many industrial applications.In this study,a new processing method is proposed by which the flow rate can be measured with an ordinary electromagnetic flowmeter even if the pipe is only partially filled.First,a B-spline curve fitting method is applied to a limited set of measurements.Second,matrix inversion required in the B-spline curve method is optimized in order to reduce the number of needed computations.Dedicated experimental tests prove that the proposed method can effectively measure the average flow velocity of the fluid.When the fluid level of the pipeline is between 50%and 100%,the relative error is less than 3.5%.

Fracture behavior of sandstone with partial filling flaw under mixed-mode loading: Three-point bending tests and discrete element method

The fracture behavior of natural fracture in the geological reservoir subjected to filling property,affects the crack initiation and propagation under stress perturbation.Partial filling flaws were intermediate between open fractures and filled fractures,the fracture response may be worth exploring.In this work,the effect of the filling property of sandstone with partial filling flaws on the fracture behavior was systematically investigated based on three-point bending tests and the numerical approach of discrete element method(DEM).In the laboratory,semi-circular three-point bending tests were carried out with partial filling flaws of various filling strengths.Based on this,numerical simulations were used to further investigate the effect of the filling ratio and the inclination of the partial filling flaw on the mechanical and fracture responses,and the effect of the partial filling flaw under mixed-mode loading on the fracture mechanism was elucidated coupled with acoustic emission(AE)characteristics.The obtained results showed that the increase in filling strength and filling ratio of partial filling flaw led to an increase in peak strength,with a decreasing trend in peak strength with the inclination of partial filling flaw.In terms of crack propagation pattern,the increasing filling strength of the partial filling flaw induced the transformation of the fracture mechanism toward deflection,with a tortuosity path,while the filling ratio and inclination of partial filling flaw led to fracture mechanism change from deflection to penetration and attraction,accompanied with a larger AE event source in filler.Accordingly,the b-value based on the Gutenberg-Richter equation fluctuated between 5 and 4 at low filling ratio and inclination and remained around 5 at high filling ratio and inclination of partial filling flaw.Related results may provide an application prospective for reservoir stimulation using the natural fracture system.

Experimental Analysis to Extract the Maximum Output of Serial and Parallel PV Module Configurations under Partial Shadow Conditions: A Case Study for Bambey, Senegal

Using an experimental setup, the series configurations (SC) and the parallel configurations (PC) of the PV cell connection are studied to compare their performance under the condition of partial shading s. The performance of the configurations is evaluated by comparing the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the maximum power point (MPP), the voltage and current corresponding to MPP, and the Fill Factor (FF). The variations of the series resistance and the shunt resistance of a PV module under different irradiance levels are also determined by considering the effect of thermal voltage. Finally, a comparison between the performance losses in the different configurations is presented. The results of this study show that the parallel configuration has the best performance under the conditions of partial shade in the context of this work.

新型部分填充钢-混凝土组合梁受剪性能试验及有限元模拟研究

采用合理的材料本构关系,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立足尺有限元模型,对新型部分填充钢-混凝土组合梁进行受剪承载力分析。结合试验研究,通过改变剪跨比、型钢强度等级、梁高度、型钢腹板厚度、翼缘栓钉间距等因素对新型组合梁组合截面受剪承载力进行了研究。结果表明,新型组合梁有较好的受剪承载力,混凝土强度等级和新型组合梁高度对峰值承载力的影响不显著,但混凝土显著提高了新型组合梁的整体稳定性;而新型组合梁高度每增加50mm,其峰值剪力值约提高7%~21%;型钢腹板厚度每增大2mm,新型组合梁峰值剪力就提高10%左右,腹板对其受剪承载力影响较大。运用叠加原理,结合腹板、翼缘内侧混凝土、翼缘栓钉和箍筋的受剪贡献,对《组合结构设计规范》(JGJ 138—2016)中组合梁截面受剪承载力计算公式进行了优化。结果表明,修正后的计算公式具有良好精度。

考虑液体晃荡的部分充液圆柱壳受迫振动分析

充液圆柱壳结构广泛存在于在工程中,在外部激励作用下,圆柱壳会与流体产生耦合振动,且未充满的液面也会产生晃荡,这种耦合振动响应分析在工程中具有重要意义。提出了一种求解考虑内部液体小幅晃荡的弹性圆柱壳振动响应的半解析法。首先分别在壳体建立结构坐标系、在自由液面建立液体坐标系,各自用来描述结构及内部液体的运动。基于Flügge壳体理论建立了圆柱壳的运动控制方程。将液体视为无黏、不可压缩的理想流体,根据线性水波理论和液体自由表面运动边界条件,得出了内部液体的速度势函数。通过流固耦合界面的连续性条件,结合坐标变换推导得到流固耦合系统的运动控制方程。研究了壳体在径向点力激励下振动响应,并得出了对应的液面晃荡响应。和有限元法对比验证了方法的正确性,然后改变相关参数讨论了考虑内部液体晃荡的弹性圆柱壳振动响应特性。

平行轴涡动黏性充液转子动力稳定性计算和影响因素分析

超重力离心机转子系统在临界转速之上存在液-固耦合激振诱发的失稳区域,该失稳区域的存在直接威胁充液类超重力离心机转子的安全稳定运行,同时严重制约了离心机转子向高转速、大型化方向发展.本研究旨在探究充液离心机转子的液-固耦合机理及减振措施,通过建立黏性充液转子的流体动力学方程,结合连续性方程以及边界条件并耦合转子的动力学方程,开展超重力充液类离心机转子的动力稳定性的计算方法研究.首先,推导扰动形式的纳维-斯托克斯方程,采用有限差分的数值计算手段求解上述扰动形式的流体动力学方程,得到壁面处的流体压强与流体剪切力并进行数值积分;其次,将所求液体等效主刚度系数及交叉刚度系数与转子动力学方程进行耦合,并采用状态空间法降阶求解动力学方程的阻尼衰减指数和涡动频率.经过对比充液转子系统在变转速区间内的阻尼衰减指数变化瀑布图与交叉刚度变化瀑布图,发现充液转子的稳定性是转子系统的阻尼、刚度、充液比和流体黏性等多个特性参数作用的结果,具体表现为增加转子系统外阻尼以及降低系统交叉刚度对抑制转子失稳与振动具有明显效果.

非满管流对渠管结合输水系统水力特性的影响

【目的】了解非满管状态下的渠管结合输水系统水力特性。【方法】采用物理模型试验与理论分析相结合的方法,对不同充满度下主渠流速分布与水面线变化、管道流速、分流比的变化规律进行了研究。【结果】不同充满度下主渠各断面紊动强度沿程均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在距管道入口纵向2倍、横向1.5倍管径的主渠区域内流速变化较为剧烈;在有管道存在的主渠壁面附近水面线变化剧烈,沿程呈先降低后增大再降低的变化趋势。通过量纲分析得到非满管流速表达式,采用线性回归分析法拟合得到非满管流速系数计算式,计算值与实测值之间的相对误差不超过8.81%。当主渠流量不变时,非满管流速系数随主渠傅汝德数的增大而增大,随水深比、充满度的增大而减小,分流比随充满度的增大而增大;当充满度不变时,随着主渠流量的增大,非满管流速系数增大,分流比减小。【结论】非满管流对主渠的影响范围有限,在安装闸阀以及量水设备时要尽量避开相关影响区域,采用本研究推导的流速系数公式只需获得主渠的傅汝德数与水深值,即能快速计算非满管流速值,在来水流不变的情况下可通过增大主渠水深来获得较大的管道流量。

部分填充金属泡沫对蓄冰球凝固性能的影响

为了提高蓄冰球的储能效率,解决相变材料(PCM)导热率低引起的换热效果差的问题,向相变材料中添加高导热的金属泡沫以加速固液相变过程。采用数值模拟的方式,对金属泡沫填充后蓄冰球综合性能进行分析。结果显示:金属泡沫全填充节省了超过81%的凝固时间;外向内填充方式下,综合性能最佳的填充半径比为9/13。

峰丛地貌下局部充填开采顶板运移与采场稳定性研究

针对贵州某矿11071工作面开采易造成地表塌陷、山体滑坡等问题,提出条带式结构充填开采技术,通过室内试验、数值模拟、工程监测等手段对其开采技术体系进行研究。研究结果表明:充填条带宽度与充填间隔宽度为等值时,充填条带可稳定承载,其值不超过10 m;从充填率为0至充填率为100%,直接顶最大下沉量由340 mm降至3 mm,充填效果显著;局部充填开采时,采场中部直接顶应力曲线呈渐变“循环”,采场两侧煤壁应力峰值随充填间距同步降低,充填体顶部垂直应力由“马鞍”形状逐渐转为“倒U”形状且未出现零支承应力;工程实测得,测线位置越高其位移量越小,同时山体区域下方位移量偏大,但上覆岩层整体位移变化并不显著,最大位移量仅为10.9 mm,与数值模拟相对应。

条带充填控制开采沉陷的理论研究

针对煤矿充填开采成本相对偏高的问题和煤系层状岩层移动与控制特点,提出了控制煤矿开采沉陷的条带充填开采方法,即在煤层采出后顶板冒落前,采用膏体胶结材料对采空区的一部分空间进行充填,构筑相间的充填条带,形成“充填条带-上覆岩层-主关键层”结构体系控制地表沉陷.研究了条带充填开采技术原理和适用性,建立了条带充填开采设计原则,并应用于某煤矿条带充填开采方案的研究.

部分填充对脉冲爆震发动机冲量的影响

以汽油为燃料、空气为氧化剂,在长度一定的脉冲爆震发动机上,通过改变燃料填充长度进行了部分填充试验,试验涵盖了较宽的填充系数(燃料填充长度与爆震管长度之比)范围。采用对爆震管封闭端燃气压力积分的方法计算发动机冲量。结果发现,以燃料质量为基础的比冲随着填充系数的增大而减小;相反,以混合物质量为基础的比冲随着填充系数的增大而增大。研究还发展了部分填充模型用来推算爆震管部分填充状态的冲量。

控制煤矿开采沉陷的部分充填开采技术研究

通过对华东某矿区采煤塌陷土地破坏与村庄搬迁赔偿费的统计分析,对煤矿充填开采技术的经济适应性和应用前景进行了探讨.针对传统充填开采成本相对偏高的问题,提出了部分充填开采的概念和3项部分充填开采技术,即采空区膏体条带充填技术、覆岩离层分区隔离注浆充填技术、条带开采冒落区注浆充填技术,分别对其技术原理进行了介绍.

从采充均衡论煤矿部分充填开采模式的选择

针对矿山充填开采中的3个采充均衡问题:采矿生产能力与充填生产能力、回填体积量与充填料供应量、充填成本与采矿效益;通过对比分析金属矿和煤矿的采充均衡问题,揭示金属矿选择采空区全部充填法可以实行采充均衡,煤矿淘汰该充填法的本质原因是不能实现采充均衡;提出的煤矿部分充填新概念是结合煤系矿床工程特点和充填目的的,从采充均衡角度阐述了部分充填可行性。

部分填充钢管混凝土桥墩抗震性能的数值分析

目的研究钢管径厚比和桥墩柱长细比参数对部分填充圆形钢管混凝土桥墩变形和能量吸收等抗震性能的影响.方法在确定数值分析与实验数据吻合的基础上,采用MARC有限元程序,对部分填充圆形钢管混凝土柱7个试件进行非线性数值分析.结果除了λ=0.15的模型以外,最大承载力基本一致.积累吸收能量随着λ的增大而增加.Rt变化,结构的最大承载力变化不大.积累吸收能量随着Rt的增大而增加.结论钢管径厚比和桥墩柱长细比对部分填充圆形钢管混凝土柱的变形和能量吸收的影响较小,但是填充混凝土高度对钢管局部变形发展位置影响较大.

500kV充油电缆局部放电在线监测系统的研究

根据某水电厂500 kV充油电缆的运行方式,提出了500 kV充油电缆局部放电在线监测系统的整体方案,研制了整个在线监测系统的硬件和软件,开发了500 kV充油电缆局部放电在线监测系统,已投运于该水电厂A厂AB联络线500 kV充油电缆出线端终端的在线监测。监测结果表明,该系统不但可以准确计算、显示7个放电参量,并且可以显示4种放电谱图,能有效地判断绝缘的放电状态。

矩形液舱晃荡冲击载荷的试验机理研究

在不同外激振幅和频率下,采用大尺度模型试验方法对矩形液舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击压力进行了研究,主要包括在不同载液率下,液舱内的短期晃荡冲击载荷特性、冲击载荷的统计特性、时空分布规律及外激振幅和频率与晃荡冲击载荷的关系。试验结果表明,低载液率时自由液面附近冲击载荷大,高载液率时顶部冲击载荷大,30%时自由液面冲击载荷最大,低载液率时自由液面最大冲击力约为静水压力的3.5～4.5倍,外激频率越接近自由液面固有频率,冲击荷载的梯度受振幅的影响越大。文中研究可为计算晃荡载荷提供参考,并对液舱设计具有一定指导意义。

区段灌注毛细管电泳研究药物与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

以毛细管电泳为手段,采用毛细管区段灌注技术,对麻黄碱、咖啡因和扑热息痛3种药物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用进行了研究。将两个较短的药物区带分别置于一个较长的BSA区段前后,以区段前的药物为标记物,采用峰漂移模型,同时测得麻黄碱、咖啡因和扑热息痛与BSA的结合常数,其值分别为3 38×104L/mol,4 79×104L/mol和6 13×104L/mol。结果表明这种方法可作为药物与蛋白相互作用分析的一种改进方法,并且有效地避免了常规峰漂移模型和迎头分析法中采用非涂层毛细管时蛋白质在毛细管壁上的吸附和蛋白质背景吸收的干扰问题。