The Three Principles of Institutional Safeguards for Women's Participation in Legislation in China

The participation of women in legislation is an important aspect and means of safeguarding women’s rights.Feminist theory,based on criticism of both the“citizenship identity theory as rights”and the“citizenship identity theory as responsibilities,”proposes the“citizenship identity theory as subjectivity.”Observing the current practice of women’s participation in legislation in China,two institutional safeguard principles can be summarized:the“minimum proportion”and the“influence evaluation.”However,each of these principles has its inherent limitations.Therefore,it is necessary to supplement them with the principle of“subjective participation”in a reflective manner.This principle requires women to participate substantively in the legislative process as subjects,express women’s needs and demands,input women’s perspectives and experiences,and reconstruct the distribution of rights and responsibilities in the existing legislation.The three principles complement each other and work together to comprehensively constitute the institutional structure of women’s participation in legislation,thereby promoting the reproduction of corresponding action structures.

A Kind of Sustainable Craft Making： Equal and Flexible Participation in Piecing Acehnese Hat

Terms of sustainable and sustainability have been employed in various sectors and fields since around 1990. To make a society sustainable needs to find ways of having sustainable local activities. The ways may be to find and revitalize local resources, or to support new life styles by accepting outsider＇s new ideas. I see those ways often taken from a perspective that the ways require a structure or institutional organization. To explore in-between ways, it would be better to have an alternative perspective and useful to learn from Southeast Asian cases of managing diversity while accepting new ways （cf. Reid, 2015）. In this essay, I focus on a sustainable craft making of a men＇s hat kopiah meuketob in Aceh, Sumatra, which is traditional item for marriage but has been used in various imaginative ways and has been shaping a regional ＂craft-scape.＂ I examine such ways and various facets of making the hat and conclude that a lesson from the case for making things sustainable is equal and flexible ways of participating in production processes.

US High-tech Firms Participating In China's 'Tri-gold Program'

The ’tri-gold program’ aiming at improving information exchange for China’s national economy has been put into practice. The ’Gold bridge’ project forms the infrastructure for the information exchange of the national economy. It makes great contributions to the control and decision-making of the country’s macro-economy, to the promotion of social productivity, and to relieving the bottleneck pressure on the parts of energy, communications and environment. The ’Gold Customs’ project aims at realizing paperless foreign trade. The ’Gold card’ project involves modern payment means, such as

China's Expanding Participation in the UN Peacekeeping Operations

The UN-led peacekeeping operation is a lodestar within the field of current international security.As an important example of her peaceful diplomacy,China has consistently and continuously supported the UN-led peacekeeping operations since 1998 when China joined the UN peacekeeping Operation Special Committee.The Chinese peacekeepers accomplished their UN-authorized missions successfully.With their impressive professionalism,high spirits,combat capabilities,and outstanding achievements,the Chinese peacekeepers have been highly acknowledged by the UN organizations,the host nations and the international media.

Bangsamoro Women＇s Participation on Political Processes in Lanao Del Sur

This study attempts to examine the conceptual and political bases of Bangsamoro women＇s participation on politics in terms of electoral, policy-making, and peace processes in Lanao del Sur. The descriptive correlation method was used, which utilized a survey questionnaire as the primary source in acquiring the data. The findings showed that the majority of the respondents were young, most of them were married and had finished elementary degree. It was observed that their participation in electoral, policy-making, and peace processes was high but vote buying, political ideology, and corruption were considered to be their problems. Despite cultural barriers, a clear understanding of their role as Muslim woman can increase their participation. Hence, total reform in the government as well as the Barangay should be done including their participation for the training programs on leadership, accountability and transparency, human and political rights awareness as well as the Shariah Law and the Philippine Constitution. Political party system that has a strong alliance to other political parties shall also be established in order to assure their participation. Linkages to other civil society like class-based organizations, occupation-based associations, and interest-based societies shall be tapped by the leaders of Bangsamoro women.

The Scope of China's Service Sectors Permitting Foreign Participation

Finance It is permitted to establish Sino-foreign joint-venture financial companies, wholly foreign-owned financial companies, and Sino-foreign joint-venture banks, provided that both sides in the joint venture are financial institutions, and the foreign side has a representative office in China.

The Literature Review of Teacher’s Feedback and Students’ Participation in Class

Teacher’s feedback has been studied by a large number of researchers by scholars from various angles.Along with teach⁃er’s feedback,students’participation in class,another vital topic concerning education,has also caught people’s attention in re⁃cent years.This paper is the literature review of teacher’s feedback and students’participation in class.The review of teacher’s feedback focuses on its definition,classification and function;and the literature review of students’participation in class centers around its definition,value and the method to improve students’participation in class.

基于B/S模式的学术期刊稿件管理系统

随着互联网技术的推广与普及,从提高期刊管理水平和论文编审效率的角度出发,编辑部建立期刊网络处理系统已成为必然趋势。本文设计了基于B/S架构的学术期刊稿件管理系统,对该系统的功能模块进行了详细分析,并在系统实现技术上作了说明;提出了专家信誉度模型,保证审稿人资源的合理配置。

我国立法公众参与制度变革探析——以麦肯锡7—S系统思维模型为框架

我国的立法公众参与制度初步建立,仍需变革。本文以麦肯锡7—S系统思维模型为框架,从共同理念、战略、结构、体制、风格、人员和技术七个维度分析了我国立法公众参与制度的现状和变革取向,为立法公众参与制度的完善提供了一个新的视角和方略。

传统节会的声誉溢出效应:基于Kreps-Milgrom-Roberts-Wilson声誉模型

中国经济繁荣带来传统节会复苏,但是传统节会市场的鱼龙混杂导致传统节会声誉参差不齐,该现象引起了政府部门的重视和学术界的关注.现有文献侧重于对节会概念、意义、文化层面的讨论,缺乏对节会声誉问题的研究,因此本文参考Kreps-Milgrom-Roberts-Wilson声誉模型,在四个基本假设基础上建立了传统节会的声誉模型,分析了传统节会的声誉溢出效应及均衡条件.研究发现:第一,参与者认为传统节会承办方的声誉越好,承办方选择不欺骗参与者的概率就越大,承办方建立声誉的积极性也就越高;第二,一旦承办方出现欺骗参与者的行为,参与者就会认为其是弱承办方,在下一期承办方会失去参与者的信任,从而失去长期获利的机会;第三,无论是强承办方还是弱承办方,不去欺骗参与者才是最优选择,此时承办方和参与者可以实现合作共赢,这是一种更有效率的文化旅游发展模式.因此,文章提出了建立传统节会声誉评价制度与信息公开制度、加强对传统节会的监管以及完善相关法律法规的政策建议.

The Impact of Government Supervision and Consumer Purchasing Behavior on Food Safety

This paper aims at the theoretical analysis to the impact of government supervision and consumer purchasing behavior on food quality security, so as to look for safety strategies and measures to strengthen and improve the level of food safety in China. Reputation mechanism is introduced and Bayesian approach is based on, in which government supervision as well as consumer purchasing behavior is taken as crucial factors to impact on the food quality security. As to the proposed quantitative indicators, government supervision includes exposure rate, fine and etc.;at the same time, consumer purchasing behavior includes consumer’s WTP for security food and consumer expectations to food safety. Taking China’s dairy industry as an example, it makes simulation by Netlog. The results show that consumer purchasing behavior alone has little effect on the dairy companies’ decision-making to be honest or counterfeiting enterprises. However, combination government supervision with purchasing behavior has great impact, and plays very good effects on food safety.

基于S-BAC跨分片共识协议的改进方案

针对跨分片共识协议S-BAC通过分片之间互相通信来处理跨分片交易,造成通信开销大和高时延的问题,提出了一种改进的跨分片共识协议S-BAC+。首先,通过分片管理员来处理跨分片交易,有效地减少了通信开销和时延;其次,引入基于信誉的投票机制,为节点设置信誉值和信誉等级,通过投票选取最终票数高的节点组成分片管理员,提高了分片管理员的可靠性。实验表明,该协议比S-BAC更有效,减少了通信开销,降低了时延,提高了交易吞吐量。

New Attempt for Building Rural Water Environment Management System Based on the Investigation and Analysis of Water Environment in Xianxia Town, Yudu County

Water environment is a part of ecological environment, and conservation of water environment has always been a focus of public attention in China, but water environment management in the vast countryside has been stuck in bottleneck. Based on the fi eld investigation in Xianxia Town, Yudu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, this paper explored the current situation of local water environment and the management diffi culties, then introduced the holistic view to integrate the linkage of government, market and society, proposed the universality of the individual case, and the new attempt centering on urban-rural integrated water environment management system with public participation mechanism, management subjects' benefit balance and coordination system, marketing operation mechanism and economic incentive mechanism as the extension.

SOR视角下村民参与乡村微景观营造行为影响因素研究——以晋江市为例

文章将S-O-R模型与动机理论结合构建集成模型研究乡村微景观营造中村民参与行为的影响因素,并以晋江市已开展微景观营造活动的乡村为例,基于访谈与问卷调查,采用SPSS19.0和AMOS24.0检验所提出的假设展开研究,结果表明:1)村民获得的软性收益对利他主义和自我效能均有显著正向影响,硬性收益对自我效能存在显著正向影响,而对利他主义存在显著负向影响;此外,利他主义对参与意愿和参与行为存在显著正向影响,自我效能对参与意愿和参与行为存在显著正向影响。2)利他主义在软性收益和参与行为、参与意愿间发挥中介调节作用,在硬性收益和参与行为、参与意愿间没有调节作用,自我效能没有发挥调节作用。针对这些问题,提出在乡村振兴背景下如何提高村民参与乡村景观建设的具体政策策略。

“学生中心”视角下S-T分析法的构建及其应用研究

研究从编码方式和数据分析方式两方面对传统S-T分析法进行改进,构建了“学生中心”视角下的S-T分析法。“学生中心”视角下的S-T分析法引入无效学习行为S_(x)和无效教学行为T_(x),将课堂分析的镜头从教师转向学生,以单个学生的行为作为评价校标,最终汇总全体学生的数据用以评价教师的教。“学生中心”视角下的S-T分析法不仅可以用于分析教师的教学模式和教学质量,而且可以反映学生课堂参与度、学生学习风格、学生享有的教育关照度和教育进程中的公平等问题。

Examining the relationship between sport and health among USA women:An analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Background：Research has been conducted linking sports participation and health in childhood and adolescence;however,little is known about the contribution of sport to women＇s health.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sport and women＇s health in the USA by analyzing data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System（BRFSS）.Methods：This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2013 national BRFSS survey.Unlike the BRFSS core component from previous years,in2013,participants were questioned extensively about their physical activity behaviors.Seventy-six different activities were identifie by the participants.Two researchers categorized the 76 activities as sport,conditioning exercise,recreation,or household tasks based on previously identifie categories.Logistic regression was utilized to calculate odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios for chronic diseases based on physical activity category.Results：Women who participated in sport had better health outcomes with significant y lower odds for all chronic diseases except asthma and better general health than women who participated in conditioning exercise,household tasks,or recreation,and many of the significan differences remained after controlling for demographic characteristics.Conclusion：Sport participation was associated with more positive health outcomes among women in the USA compared with the other categories.As a means to improve health of women,the USA could focus on efforts to increase sport participation among women.

Learning in Times of Crisis： Rural Grassroots Movement in Mexico

This paper discusses transformative learning in relation to environmental crisis in rural communities in Guanajuato （Mexico）. Environmental pollution and resource depletion have triggered reflection and perspective transformation across groups of rural communities. The study is qualitative and results are based on lengthy interviews, within a well-known context for the researcher. This article is the reflection on how transformative learning took place looking fol; lessons to be learnt for communities facing environmental challenges.

Effects of Probability of Accurately Predicting and Ascertaining Defection on Cooperation and its Application to Simulated Internet Dealing

Without cooperative behaviors, our society or organization falls into social dilemma situations where every member selects uncooperative （defective） behaviors, and the situation gets worse and worse. Such a situation in a society or an organization leads to violation of social or organizational rules, and at the worst case it suffers from serious accidents or scandals. Therefore, it is important for us to make efforts and take measures to elicit cooperative behaviors. It was demonstrated theoretically that altruism strategy and adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy are in some cases better than rational strategy under the situation of social dilemma. We built up a mathematical model in order to examine how the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining the behavior （cooperation or defection） of opponents and the mixture of （a） altruism （all cooperation） strategy, （b） individualism （all defection） strategy, and （c） adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy affected the expected profit. Simulation results showed that the tit-for-tat strategy was better than the rational （individualism） strategy when the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining defection of the opponent was considerably higher. As an application of the basic study above, it was explored, using a simulation method, how such a system as opening reputation or peer review in public could work satisfactorily to prevent defective behaviors in auction dealing. The result showed that the information on the handle name and the reputation effectively worked to prevent defective behaviors.