This study describes the development and validation of a sensitive and reliable method for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）in atmospheric particulate matter using selective pressurized liquid e...This study describes the development and validation of a sensitive and reliable method for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）in atmospheric particulate matter using selective pressurized liquid extraction（SPLE）and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with a negative chemical ionization（GC-NCI-MS）.Extraction and clean-up were performed using PLE with 2 g florisil and 3 g silica placed in the extraction cells.Under optimal conditions,14 PBDEs were extracted at 70℃ using hexane/dichloromethane（50：50,v/v）as solvent.Validation of SPLE returned excellent recoveries for most analytes,with relative standard deviations mostly below20%.Method detection limits ranged from 0.13 to15.38 ng·mL^-1 for the GC-MS analyses.The method was successfully applied to atmospheric particulate matter of Beijing,where analytes were detected in the range of182.79 to 468.99 pg·m^-3.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance(A. officinarum) extract on lung injury caused by particulate matter(PM). Methods: The Kunming mice were intranasally instilled with PM and treated with A....Objective: To evaluate the effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance(A. officinarum) extract on lung injury caused by particulate matter(PM). Methods: The Kunming mice were intranasally instilled with PM and treated with A. officinarum extract for 3 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood and lung samples were collected for biochemical, serological and histopathological studies. Results: Serological analysis showed that albumin levels, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly reduced after administrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of A. officinarum extracts to the PM injured mice. Markers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde levels and nitric oxide synthase activities, were significantly decreased. Correspondingly, total superoxide dismutase activity was improved dramatically. The expressions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were also down-regulated obviously. In addition, pathological sections of lung tissue showed that A. officinarum could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis. These results showed that A. officinarum extract could alleviate PMinduced lung injury via reducing the permeability of cell membranes in lung tissue, eliminating oxidative stress and relieving inflammatory response.Conclusions: A. officinarum extract was an efficient treatment for PM-induced lung injury in mice, and it may be a promising therapeutic agent in future.展开更多
Thromboembolic diseases continue to be one of the most prevalent medical problems today and can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as pulmonary embolism (PE). Currently, PE diagnosis and treatment are a challen...Thromboembolic diseases continue to be one of the most prevalent medical problems today and can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as pulmonary embolism (PE). Currently, PE diagnosis and treatment are a challenge because of acute onset right ventricular strain with right-sided heart failure, sudden death, pulmonary infarction, and cardiogenic shock, which limit the time for therapeutic success.?The aim of this study was to evaluate our perception, knowledge, and concerns regarding PE, discuss the importance of promptly diagnosing PE to provide appropriate treatment options for this life-threatening condition, list the most common clinical manifestations present when PE is suspected, and review the clinical approach to patients with suspected PE in an inpatient setting.?In addition, this study reviews the risk stratification of patients with PE and treatment options beyond anticoagulation, compares new treatment options for patients presenting with acute symptomatic PE, and compares aspiration catheters (10 F Pronto .035” and 14 F XL extraction catheter (Vascular Solutions, Minneapolis, MN)) and ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (USAT) versus systemic thrombolysis.This literature review was limited by the quality and number of studies available regarding new treatment options for patients presenting with acute symptomatic PE. Thus, more studies are needed to prove the validity of newer treatment options being trialed, such as aspiration catheters (10 F Pronto .035” and 14 F XL extraction catheter) and USAT, with the hope that further studies will guide patient management and increase our understanding of next generation aspiration catheters, which may provide novel insights on treating acute symptomatic PE.展开更多
Airborne particulate matter (PM) filter sample processing is susceptible to error and can present issues associated with organizing samples, tracking data, and maintaining weighing conditions. While filter weighing fa...Airborne particulate matter (PM) filter sample processing is susceptible to error and can present issues associated with organizing samples, tracking data, and maintaining weighing conditions. While filter weighing facilities should implement robust quality assurance and control checks to ensure that data collection is accurate and filter storage is secure, mistakes and accidents can still occur that compromise valuable data. This paper presents a novel approach to PM filter sample processing that allows for data validation or data recovery while ensuring data integrity. The technique approximates the original, unused pre-sampling weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters after PM collection to determine PM mass-deposition (MD). The method describes the extraction of PM loaded on PTFE filters via sonication in relatively non-toxic solvents, methanol and distilled water. The extraction method is compared to the standard gravimetric PM MD determination method for a set of 265 PTFE filters with mean post-sampling filter mass of 116 ± 3.6 mg, mean estimated PM MD using the standard method of 367 ± 589 μg, and mean estimated PM MD using the extraction method of 371 ± 589 μg. A Deming regression comparison of the two methods yields a slope of 0.9983 and a Pearson’s r of 0.999. A Bland-Altman assessment of the percent and absolute differences between the two methods shows the limits of agreement between 32.5% and 25.5% and -61.9 and 50.1 μg, respectively. The 99% confidence interval of the mean difference in mass deposition between the two methods is -5.8 ± 4.5 μg. These data demonstrate that estimating pre-sampling PTFE filter mass by extracting PM from sampled filters is a viable technique for gravimetric filter analysis. This method is of use in recovering pre-sampling filter weights that have been lost, incorrectly measured, or otherwise compromised.展开更多
A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)from atmospheric particulate matter(APM)is described.A single step pretreatment method,selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE),was developed to reduce ...A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)from atmospheric particulate matter(APM)is described.A single step pretreatment method,selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE),was developed to reduce the high matrix background and avoid contamination from commonly used multiple sample pretreatment steps.An effective sorbent was selected to purify the PFCs during SPLE,followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS),for quantification of PFCs.Conditions affecting the SPLE efficiency,including temperature,static extraction time,and number of extraction cycles used,were studied.The optimum conditions were found to be 120℃,10 min,and 3 cycles,respectively.LC-MS/MS method was developed to obtain the optimal sensitivity specific to PFCs.The method detection limits(MDLs)were 0.006 to 0.48 ng/g for the PFCs studied and the linear response range was from 0.1 to 100 ng/g.To ensure accurate values were obtained,each step of the experiment was evaluated and controlled to prevent contamination.The optimized method was tested by performing spiking experiments in natural particulate matter matrices and good rates of recovery and reproducibility were obtained for all target compounds.Finally,the method was successfully used to measure 16 PFCs in the APM samples collected in Beijing over five years from 2015 to 2019.It is observed that some PFCs follow the trend of total PFC changes,and can be attributed to the environment influencing events and policy enforcement,while others don't seem to change as much with time of the year or from year to year.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41325010)
文摘This study describes the development and validation of a sensitive and reliable method for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）in atmospheric particulate matter using selective pressurized liquid extraction（SPLE）and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with a negative chemical ionization（GC-NCI-MS）.Extraction and clean-up were performed using PLE with 2 g florisil and 3 g silica placed in the extraction cells.Under optimal conditions,14 PBDEs were extracted at 70℃ using hexane/dichloromethane（50：50,v/v）as solvent.Validation of SPLE returned excellent recoveries for most analytes,with relative standard deviations mostly below20%.Method detection limits ranged from 0.13 to15.38 ng·mL^-1 for the GC-MS analyses.The method was successfully applied to atmospheric particulate matter of Beijing,where analytes were detected in the range of182.79 to 468.99 pg·m^-3.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance(A. officinarum) extract on lung injury caused by particulate matter(PM). Methods: The Kunming mice were intranasally instilled with PM and treated with A. officinarum extract for 3 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood and lung samples were collected for biochemical, serological and histopathological studies. Results: Serological analysis showed that albumin levels, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly reduced after administrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of A. officinarum extracts to the PM injured mice. Markers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde levels and nitric oxide synthase activities, were significantly decreased. Correspondingly, total superoxide dismutase activity was improved dramatically. The expressions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were also down-regulated obviously. In addition, pathological sections of lung tissue showed that A. officinarum could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis. These results showed that A. officinarum extract could alleviate PMinduced lung injury via reducing the permeability of cell membranes in lung tissue, eliminating oxidative stress and relieving inflammatory response.Conclusions: A. officinarum extract was an efficient treatment for PM-induced lung injury in mice, and it may be a promising therapeutic agent in future.
文摘Thromboembolic diseases continue to be one of the most prevalent medical problems today and can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as pulmonary embolism (PE). Currently, PE diagnosis and treatment are a challenge because of acute onset right ventricular strain with right-sided heart failure, sudden death, pulmonary infarction, and cardiogenic shock, which limit the time for therapeutic success.?The aim of this study was to evaluate our perception, knowledge, and concerns regarding PE, discuss the importance of promptly diagnosing PE to provide appropriate treatment options for this life-threatening condition, list the most common clinical manifestations present when PE is suspected, and review the clinical approach to patients with suspected PE in an inpatient setting.?In addition, this study reviews the risk stratification of patients with PE and treatment options beyond anticoagulation, compares new treatment options for patients presenting with acute symptomatic PE, and compares aspiration catheters (10 F Pronto .035” and 14 F XL extraction catheter (Vascular Solutions, Minneapolis, MN)) and ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (USAT) versus systemic thrombolysis.This literature review was limited by the quality and number of studies available regarding new treatment options for patients presenting with acute symptomatic PE. Thus, more studies are needed to prove the validity of newer treatment options being trialed, such as aspiration catheters (10 F Pronto .035” and 14 F XL extraction catheter) and USAT, with the hope that further studies will guide patient management and increase our understanding of next generation aspiration catheters, which may provide novel insights on treating acute symptomatic PE.
文摘Airborne particulate matter (PM) filter sample processing is susceptible to error and can present issues associated with organizing samples, tracking data, and maintaining weighing conditions. While filter weighing facilities should implement robust quality assurance and control checks to ensure that data collection is accurate and filter storage is secure, mistakes and accidents can still occur that compromise valuable data. This paper presents a novel approach to PM filter sample processing that allows for data validation or data recovery while ensuring data integrity. The technique approximates the original, unused pre-sampling weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters after PM collection to determine PM mass-deposition (MD). The method describes the extraction of PM loaded on PTFE filters via sonication in relatively non-toxic solvents, methanol and distilled water. The extraction method is compared to the standard gravimetric PM MD determination method for a set of 265 PTFE filters with mean post-sampling filter mass of 116 ± 3.6 mg, mean estimated PM MD using the standard method of 367 ± 589 μg, and mean estimated PM MD using the extraction method of 371 ± 589 μg. A Deming regression comparison of the two methods yields a slope of 0.9983 and a Pearson’s r of 0.999. A Bland-Altman assessment of the percent and absolute differences between the two methods shows the limits of agreement between 32.5% and 25.5% and -61.9 and 50.1 μg, respectively. The 99% confidence interval of the mean difference in mass deposition between the two methods is -5.8 ± 4.5 μg. These data demonstrate that estimating pre-sampling PTFE filter mass by extracting PM from sampled filters is a viable technique for gravimetric filter analysis. This method is of use in recovering pre-sampling filter weights that have been lost, incorrectly measured, or otherwise compromised.
基金supported by the NQI Project of National key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFF0201102)the project for the“Development of analytical method and certified reference materials for tracing air pollutant source” (No.21AKY1514)from the National Institute of Metrology,Beijing,China。
文摘A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)from atmospheric particulate matter(APM)is described.A single step pretreatment method,selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE),was developed to reduce the high matrix background and avoid contamination from commonly used multiple sample pretreatment steps.An effective sorbent was selected to purify the PFCs during SPLE,followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS),for quantification of PFCs.Conditions affecting the SPLE efficiency,including temperature,static extraction time,and number of extraction cycles used,were studied.The optimum conditions were found to be 120℃,10 min,and 3 cycles,respectively.LC-MS/MS method was developed to obtain the optimal sensitivity specific to PFCs.The method detection limits(MDLs)were 0.006 to 0.48 ng/g for the PFCs studied and the linear response range was from 0.1 to 100 ng/g.To ensure accurate values were obtained,each step of the experiment was evaluated and controlled to prevent contamination.The optimized method was tested by performing spiking experiments in natural particulate matter matrices and good rates of recovery and reproducibility were obtained for all target compounds.Finally,the method was successfully used to measure 16 PFCs in the APM samples collected in Beijing over five years from 2015 to 2019.It is observed that some PFCs follow the trend of total PFC changes,and can be attributed to the environment influencing events and policy enforcement,while others don't seem to change as much with time of the year or from year to year.
