This study aims to assess and compare levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)in urban and industrial areas in Malaysia during haze episodes,which typically occur in the south west monsoon season.The high concentr...This study aims to assess and compare levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)in urban and industrial areas in Malaysia during haze episodes,which typically occur in the south west monsoon season.The high concentrations of atmospheric particles are mainly due to pollution from neighbouring countries.Daily PM concentrations were analysed for urban and industrial areas including Alor Setar,Tasek,Shah Alam,Klang,Bandaraya Melaka,Larkin,Balok Baru,and Kuala Terengganu in 2018 and 2019.The analysis employed spatiotemporal to examine how PM levels were distributed.The data summary revealed that PM levels in all study areas were right-skewed,indicating the occurrence of high particulate events.Significant peaks in PM concentrations during haze events were consistently observed between June and October,encompassing the south west monsoon and inter-monsoon periods.The study on acute respiratory illnesses primarily focused on Selangor.Analysis revealed that Klang had the highest mean number of inpatient cases for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma(AEBA)and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)with values of 260.500 and 185.170,respectively.Similarly,for outpatient cases of AEBA and AECOPD,Klang had the highest average values of 41.67 and 14.00,respectively.Shah Alam and Sungai Buloh did not show a significant increase in cases during periods of biomass burning.The statistical analysis concluded that higher concentrations of PM were associated with increased hospital admissions,particularly from June to September,as shown in the bar diagram.Haze episodes were associated with more healthcare utilization due to haze-related respiratory illnesses,seen in higher inpatient and outpatient visits(p<0.05).However,seasonal variability had minimal impact on healthcare utilization.These findings offer a comprehensive assessment of PM levels during historic haze episodes,providing valuable insights for authorities to develop policies and guidelines for effective monitoring and mitigation of the negative impacts of haze events.展开更多
This work mainly focuses on the mineralogical study of particulate matter（PM10） in Beijing. Samples were collected on polycarbonate filter from April, 2002 to March, 2003 in Beijing urban area. Scanning electronic m...This work mainly focuses on the mineralogical study of particulate matter（PM10） in Beijing. Samples were collected on polycarbonate filter from April, 2002 to March, 2003 in Beijing urban area. Scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray（SEM/EDX） was used to investigate individual mineral particles in Beijing PM10. 1454 individual mineral particulates from 48 samples were analysed by SEM/EDX. The results revealed that mineral particulates were complex and heterogeneous. 38 kinds of minerals in PM10 were identified. The clay minerals, of annual average percentage of 30.1%, were the main composition among the identified minerals, and illite/smectite was the main composition in clay minerals, reaching up to 35%. Annual average percentage of quartz, calcite, compound particulates, carbonates were 13.5%, 10.9%, 11.95%, 10.31%, respectively. Annual average percentage less than 10% were gypsum, feldspar, dolomite, and so on. Fluorite, apatite, halite, barite and chloridize zinc（ZnCl2） were firstly identified in Beijing PM10. Sulfurization was found on surface of mineral particles, suggested extensive atmospheric reaction in air during summer.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze characteristics of the atmospheric particulate pollutants （ PMlo and PM2.s） in Wenzhou City. [Method] We analyzed interannual change rule of the dust haze in Wenzhou during...[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze characteristics of the atmospheric particulate pollutants （ PMlo and PM2.s） in Wenzhou City. [Method] We analyzed interannual change rule of the dust haze in Wenzhou during 1978 -2008. Moreover, we respectively set monitoring points in urban district, industrial park and beauty spot of Wenzhou in summer and winter of 2010. Element, ion and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon com- positions and morphology of the particulate matter were analyzed. [ Result] Dust haze in Wenzhou City mainly appeared in winter and spring, which was related to local meteorological condition. In summer and winter, both PMlo and PM2.s concentrations presented the characteristic of industrial park 〉 commercial area 〉 beauty spot. Chain-like particle aggregates and ultrafine particles were main composition of the atmospheric particulate matter in Wenzhou. Contribution rate of the spherical particle amount was smaller than metropolis, which was related to local industry and traffic. Fe element had the most content in particulate matter. Mass concentration was mainly composed of 6 elements, such as Na, Si, S, K, Ca and Fe. Total concentration of the six elements occupied 70% -80% of the 16 elements. SO^- and NH4＊ in particulate matter were higher. They were mainly from human activity. Main compositions of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon were naphthalene, anthracene, benzo （b） fluoranthene, indeno （1,2, 3-cd） pyrene and benzo （g, h, i） perylene, which was related to abrupt increase of the motor vehicle. [ Condusion] The research provided scientific basis and technology support for controlling atmospheric particulate matter pollution in Wenzhou City by government and related department.展开更多
采用成都市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)小时浓度的空间分布实例,结合NOAA/AVHRR(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)遥感数据所获的城市热岛温度场格局图,结果发现:下午环形热岛出现...采用成都市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)小时浓度的空间分布实例,结合NOAA/AVHRR(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)遥感数据所获的城市热岛温度场格局图,结果发现:下午环形热岛出现时城市中心区的PM10浓度较低,二、三环路附近的浓度相对较高,城区西南部尤其明显。分析认为,环形热岛改变了城市近地层的温度场和流场结构,在城郊结合部造成"双重循环",容易导致污染物在这些地方聚集。展开更多
AIM To examine the accuracy of machine learning to relate particulate matter(PM) 2.5 and PM10 concentrations to upper respiratory tract infections(URIs).METHODS Daily nationwide and regional outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 con...AIM To examine the accuracy of machine learning to relate particulate matter(PM) 2.5 and PM10 concentrations to upper respiratory tract infections(URIs).METHODS Daily nationwide and regional outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations collected over 30 consecutive days obtained from the Taiwan Environment Protection Administration were the inputs for machine learning, using multilayer perceptron(MLP), to relate to the subsequent one-week outpatient visits for URIs. TheURI data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control datasets in Taiwan between 2009 and 2016. The testing used the middle month dataset of each season(January, April, July and October), and the training used the other months' datasets. The weekly URI cases were classified by tertile as high, moderate, and low volumes.RESULTS Both PM concentrations and URI cases peak in winter and spring. In the nationwide data analysis, MLP machine learning can accurately relate the URI volumes of the elderly(89.05% and 88.32%, respectively) and the overall population(81.75% and 83.21%, respectively) with the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. In the regional data analyses, greater accuracy is found for PM2.5 than for PM10 for the elderly, particularly in the Central region(78.10% and 74.45%, respectively), whereas greater accuracy is found for PM10 than for PM2.5 for the overall population, particularly in the Northern region(73.19% and 63.04%, respectively).CONCLUSION Short-term PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were accurately related to the subsequent occurrence of URIs by using machine learning. Our findings suggested that the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on URI may differ by age, and the mechanism needs further evaluation.展开更多
Source apportionment of particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm （PM10） was conducted in the suburban area of Changsha, China. PM10 samples for 24 h collected with TEOM 1400a and ACCU system in...Source apportionment of particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm （PM10） was conducted in the suburban area of Changsha, China. PM10 samples for 24 h collected with TEOM 1400a and ACCU system in July and October 2008 were chemically analyzed by the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence （WD-XRF）. Source appointment was implemented by the principal component analysis/absolute principal component analysis （PCA/APCA） to identify the possible sources and to quantify the contributions of the sources to PM10. Results show that as the PM10 concentration is increased from （85.6±43.7） μg/m3 in July 2008 to （107.6±35.7） μg/m^3 in October 2008, the concentrations of the anthropogenic elements （P, S, C1, K, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb） are basically increased but concentrations of the natural elements （Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe） are essentially decreased. Six main sources of PM10 are identified in the suburban of Changsha, China： soil dust, secondary aerosols, domestic oil combustion, waste incineration, traffic emission, and industrial emission contribute 57.7%, 24.0%, 9.8%, 5.0%, 2.0%, and 1.5%, respectively. Soil dust and secondary aerosols are the two major sources of particulate air pollution in suburban area of Changsha, China, so effective measures should be taken to control these two particulate pollutants.展开更多
Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, P, S and Cl. S...Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, P, S and Cl. Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered, including time, elemental correlations, weekday, weekend and seasonal changes. Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals. A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates, Na, K, Zn and P were observed during the cold season. However, a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons. It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion. The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces. A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria. This was associated with a significant increase in K, Zn, and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood. PM10 levels in December were 12 μ/m^3 and were higher than levels detected in July. It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides, wood smoke, and inorganic ionic material（s）.展开更多
The Tongon mine, the largest gold mine in C?te d’Ivoire, has been in operation since April 2010. However, to our knowledge to date, no study has been conducted on metallic contamination in suspended particulate matte...The Tongon mine, the largest gold mine in C?te d’Ivoire, has been in operation since April 2010. However, to our knowledge to date, no study has been conducted on metallic contamination in suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) where there is a lack of information on the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to human health associated with the exposure of populations in the Tongon area to these pollutants. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the level of contamination of PM<sub>10</sub>;PM<sub>2.5</sub> by heavy metals and their impact on the health of populations exposed to these pollutants in the Tongon gold mine area. The sampling and measurement of suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were done using a MiniVol TAS passive air sampler. Heavy metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (Nex ION 2000 ICP-MS, USA). The results indicate that the average concentrations of suspended particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) obtained are all above the recommended exposure limits. In addition, among the heavy metals contained in the suspended particles, the concentrations of arsenic and nickel are high and all above the standard limit values. The assessment of the health risks related to the inhalation of PM<sub>10</sub> particles reveals that their inhalation over a long period could cause a carcinogenic risk.展开更多
文摘This study aims to assess and compare levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)in urban and industrial areas in Malaysia during haze episodes,which typically occur in the south west monsoon season.The high concentrations of atmospheric particles are mainly due to pollution from neighbouring countries.Daily PM concentrations were analysed for urban and industrial areas including Alor Setar,Tasek,Shah Alam,Klang,Bandaraya Melaka,Larkin,Balok Baru,and Kuala Terengganu in 2018 and 2019.The analysis employed spatiotemporal to examine how PM levels were distributed.The data summary revealed that PM levels in all study areas were right-skewed,indicating the occurrence of high particulate events.Significant peaks in PM concentrations during haze events were consistently observed between June and October,encompassing the south west monsoon and inter-monsoon periods.The study on acute respiratory illnesses primarily focused on Selangor.Analysis revealed that Klang had the highest mean number of inpatient cases for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma(AEBA)and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)with values of 260.500 and 185.170,respectively.Similarly,for outpatient cases of AEBA and AECOPD,Klang had the highest average values of 41.67 and 14.00,respectively.Shah Alam and Sungai Buloh did not show a significant increase in cases during periods of biomass burning.The statistical analysis concluded that higher concentrations of PM were associated with increased hospital admissions,particularly from June to September,as shown in the bar diagram.Haze episodes were associated with more healthcare utilization due to haze-related respiratory illnesses,seen in higher inpatient and outpatient visits(p<0.05).However,seasonal variability had minimal impact on healthcare utilization.These findings offer a comprehensive assessment of PM levels during historic haze episodes,providing valuable insights for authorities to develop policies and guidelines for effective monitoring and mitigation of the negative impacts of haze events.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.40275040） and the Shanghai Leading Academic Disciplines（No. T0105）
文摘This work mainly focuses on the mineralogical study of particulate matter（PM10） in Beijing. Samples were collected on polycarbonate filter from April, 2002 to March, 2003 in Beijing urban area. Scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray（SEM/EDX） was used to investigate individual mineral particles in Beijing PM10. 1454 individual mineral particulates from 48 samples were analysed by SEM/EDX. The results revealed that mineral particulates were complex and heterogeneous. 38 kinds of minerals in PM10 were identified. The clay minerals, of annual average percentage of 30.1%, were the main composition among the identified minerals, and illite/smectite was the main composition in clay minerals, reaching up to 35%. Annual average percentage of quartz, calcite, compound particulates, carbonates were 13.5%, 10.9%, 11.95%, 10.31%, respectively. Annual average percentage less than 10% were gypsum, feldspar, dolomite, and so on. Fluorite, apatite, halite, barite and chloridize zinc（ZnCl2） were firstly identified in Beijing PM10. Sulfurization was found on surface of mineral particles, suggested extensive atmospheric reaction in air during summer.
基金Supported by Study on Formation Reason and Early Warning of the Dust Haze and Atmospheric Complex Pollution Control in Wenzhou City ( R20090124)
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze characteristics of the atmospheric particulate pollutants （ PMlo and PM2.s） in Wenzhou City. [Method] We analyzed interannual change rule of the dust haze in Wenzhou during 1978 -2008. Moreover, we respectively set monitoring points in urban district, industrial park and beauty spot of Wenzhou in summer and winter of 2010. Element, ion and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon com- positions and morphology of the particulate matter were analyzed. [ Result] Dust haze in Wenzhou City mainly appeared in winter and spring, which was related to local meteorological condition. In summer and winter, both PMlo and PM2.s concentrations presented the characteristic of industrial park 〉 commercial area 〉 beauty spot. Chain-like particle aggregates and ultrafine particles were main composition of the atmospheric particulate matter in Wenzhou. Contribution rate of the spherical particle amount was smaller than metropolis, which was related to local industry and traffic. Fe element had the most content in particulate matter. Mass concentration was mainly composed of 6 elements, such as Na, Si, S, K, Ca and Fe. Total concentration of the six elements occupied 70% -80% of the 16 elements. SO^- and NH4＊ in particulate matter were higher. They were mainly from human activity. Main compositions of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon were naphthalene, anthracene, benzo （b） fluoranthene, indeno （1,2, 3-cd） pyrene and benzo （g, h, i） perylene, which was related to abrupt increase of the motor vehicle. [ Condusion] The research provided scientific basis and technology support for controlling atmospheric particulate matter pollution in Wenzhou City by government and related department.
文摘采用成都市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)小时浓度的空间分布实例,结合NOAA/AVHRR(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)遥感数据所获的城市热岛温度场格局图,结果发现:下午环形热岛出现时城市中心区的PM10浓度较低,二、三环路附近的浓度相对较高,城区西南部尤其明显。分析认为,环形热岛改变了城市近地层的温度场和流场结构,在城郊结合部造成"双重循环",容易导致污染物在这些地方聚集。
基金Supported by Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital,No.805-C107-14Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,R.O.C.,No.MOST 107-2221-E-899-002-MY3
文摘AIM To examine the accuracy of machine learning to relate particulate matter(PM) 2.5 and PM10 concentrations to upper respiratory tract infections(URIs).METHODS Daily nationwide and regional outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations collected over 30 consecutive days obtained from the Taiwan Environment Protection Administration were the inputs for machine learning, using multilayer perceptron(MLP), to relate to the subsequent one-week outpatient visits for URIs. TheURI data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control datasets in Taiwan between 2009 and 2016. The testing used the middle month dataset of each season(January, April, July and October), and the training used the other months' datasets. The weekly URI cases were classified by tertile as high, moderate, and low volumes.RESULTS Both PM concentrations and URI cases peak in winter and spring. In the nationwide data analysis, MLP machine learning can accurately relate the URI volumes of the elderly(89.05% and 88.32%, respectively) and the overall population(81.75% and 83.21%, respectively) with the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. In the regional data analyses, greater accuracy is found for PM2.5 than for PM10 for the elderly, particularly in the Central region(78.10% and 74.45%, respectively), whereas greater accuracy is found for PM10 than for PM2.5 for the overall population, particularly in the Northern region(73.19% and 63.04%, respectively).CONCLUSION Short-term PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were accurately related to the subsequent occurrence of URIs by using machine learning. Our findings suggested that the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on URI may differ by age, and the mechanism needs further evaluation.
基金Project (FANEDD 200545) supported by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China Project (50408019) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (2008BAJ12B03) supported by National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs of China
文摘Source apportionment of particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm （PM10） was conducted in the suburban area of Changsha, China. PM10 samples for 24 h collected with TEOM 1400a and ACCU system in July and October 2008 were chemically analyzed by the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence （WD-XRF）. Source appointment was implemented by the principal component analysis/absolute principal component analysis （PCA/APCA） to identify the possible sources and to quantify the contributions of the sources to PM10. Results show that as the PM10 concentration is increased from （85.6±43.7） μg/m3 in July 2008 to （107.6±35.7） μg/m^3 in October 2008, the concentrations of the anthropogenic elements （P, S, C1, K, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb） are basically increased but concentrations of the natural elements （Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe） are essentially decreased. Six main sources of PM10 are identified in the suburban of Changsha, China： soil dust, secondary aerosols, domestic oil combustion, waste incineration, traffic emission, and industrial emission contribute 57.7%, 24.0%, 9.8%, 5.0%, 2.0%, and 1.5%, respectively. Soil dust and secondary aerosols are the two major sources of particulate air pollution in suburban area of Changsha, China, so effective measures should be taken to control these two particulate pollutants.
基金financed from the projects AQUE-LLA,AQUELLIS FB and BIOCOMB in Austria and the Austrian Exchange Servicesupported by the Education Department of Zhejiang Province,China (No.Y200805813)
文摘Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, P, S and Cl. Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered, including time, elemental correlations, weekday, weekend and seasonal changes. Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals. A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates, Na, K, Zn and P were observed during the cold season. However, a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons. It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion. The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces. A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria. This was associated with a significant increase in K, Zn, and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood. PM10 levels in December were 12 μ/m^3 and were higher than levels detected in July. It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides, wood smoke, and inorganic ionic material（s）.
文摘The Tongon mine, the largest gold mine in C?te d’Ivoire, has been in operation since April 2010. However, to our knowledge to date, no study has been conducted on metallic contamination in suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) where there is a lack of information on the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to human health associated with the exposure of populations in the Tongon area to these pollutants. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the level of contamination of PM<sub>10</sub>;PM<sub>2.5</sub> by heavy metals and their impact on the health of populations exposed to these pollutants in the Tongon gold mine area. The sampling and measurement of suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were done using a MiniVol TAS passive air sampler. Heavy metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (Nex ION 2000 ICP-MS, USA). The results indicate that the average concentrations of suspended particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) obtained are all above the recommended exposure limits. In addition, among the heavy metals contained in the suspended particles, the concentrations of arsenic and nickel are high and all above the standard limit values. The assessment of the health risks related to the inhalation of PM<sub>10</sub> particles reveals that their inhalation over a long period could cause a carcinogenic risk.
