Optimization of Grouping Evacuation Strategy in High-rise Building Fires Based on Graph Theory and Computational Experiments

It is difficult to rescue people from outside, and emergency evacuation is still a main measure to decrease casualties in high-rise building fires. To improve evacuation efficiency, a valid and easily manipulated grouping evacuation strategy is proposed. Occupants escape in groups according to the shortest evacuation route is determined by graph theory. In order to evaluate and find the optimal grouping, computational experiments are performed to design and simulate the evacuation processes. A case study shown the application in detail and quantitative research conclusions is obtained. The thoughts and approaches of this study can be used to guide actual high-rise building evacuation processes in future.

Databases of 2D material-substrate interfaces and 2D charged building blocks

Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new materials in this respect.In van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,these building blocks are charge neutral and can be isolated from their bulk phase(top-down),but usually grow on substrate.In ionic layered materials,they are charged and usually cannot exist independently but can serve as motifs to construct new materials(bottom-up).In this paper,we introduce our recently constructed databases for 2D material-substrate interface(2DMSI),and 2D charged building blocks.For 2DMSI database,we systematically build a workflow to predict appropriate substrates and their geometries at substrates,and construct the 2DMSI database.For the 2D charged building block database,1208 entries from bulk material database are identified.Information of crystal structure,valence state,source,dimension and so on is provided for each entry with a json format.We also show its application in designing and searching for new functional layered materials.The 2DMSI database,building block database,and designed layered materials are available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00188.

Seismic vulnerability assessment of urban buildings using the rough set theory and weighted linear combination

Seismic vulnerability assessment of urban buildings is among the most crucial procedures to post-disaster response and recovery of infrastructure systems.The present study proceeds to estimate the seismic vulnerability of urban buildings and proposes a new framework training on the two objectives.First,a comprehensive interpretation of the effective parameters of this phenomenon including physical and human factors is done.Second,the Rough Set theory is used to reduce the integration uncertainties,as there are numerous quantitative and qualitative data.Both objectives were conducted on seven distinct earthquake scenarios with different intensities based on distance from the fault line and the epicenter.The proposed method was implemented by measuring seismic vulnerability for the seven specified seismic scenarios.The final results indicated that among the entire studied buildings,71.5%were highly vulnerable as concerning the highest earthquake scenario(intensity=7 MM and acceleration calculated based on the epicenter),while in the lowest earthquake scenario(intensity=5 MM),the percentage of vulnerable buildings decreased to approximately 57%.Also,the findings proved that the distance from the fault line rather than the earthquake center(epicenter)has a significant effect on the seismic vulnerability of urban buildings.The model was evaluated by comparing the results with the weighted linear combination(WLC)method.The accuracy of the proposed model was substantiated according to evaluation reports.Vulnerability assessment based on the distance from the epicenter and its comparison with the distance from the fault shows significant reliable results.

Group Support Systems: Implications for Multi-Disciplinary Theory Building

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Map Building for a Mobile Robot Based on Grey System Theory

In this paper, a new method for mobile robot map building based on grey system theory is presented, by which interpretation and integration of sonar readings can be solved robustly and efficiently. The conception of 'grey number is introduced to model and handle the uncertainty of sonar reading. A new data fusion approach based on grey system theory is proposed to construct environment model. Map building experiments are performed both on a platform of simulation and a real mobile robot. Experimental results show that our method is robust and accurate.

Evaluation of a Novel Approach for Automated Inventive Conceptual Design of Building Structures

This research is dedicated to assessment of a method that was earlier proposed and developed in order to increase the degree of automation and software involvement into conceptual decision making during design of structural elements of buildings. Such instruments of the theory of inventive problem solving as contradiction and function analysis and trimming formed the basis of the proposed approach that was realized in a modern building information modeling software. The common logic of the approach is also provided in the article. Qualitative research methods and particularly collecting, analyzing and interpreting data were applied in this research. Firstly, a literature review of indexed journal articles in the field of the study was performed and some trends for possible development of the topic were identified. Secondly, a survey of potential users of the methodology was conducted and analyzed. The questionnaire results showed that the suggested method and its technical realization gained attraction among respondents, however, some of them are rather cautious regarding application of the approach potentials in their practice. The paper ends with evaluation results discussion, conclusion and proposals for further research.

Theoretical Issues and Conceptual Framework for Physical Facilities Design in Hospital Buildings

This study reviewed the theoretical issues relating to morphological and psychological design issues in hospital building design evaluation.The study of morphological configurations design issues,concentrates on the elements of building,shape/form,the structure of the environment,the structural efficiency and the architectural appearance of the hospital building forms.The psychological design issues focused on the essential issues relating to Proximity,Privacy and Wayfindings.Through the literature review of previous models such as,Khan(2012)Operational Efficiency Model,Haron,Hamid and Talib Usability Framework,(2012),Zhao,Mourshed&Wright(2009)Model,Alalouch,Aspinall&Smith Model(2016)and Hill&Kitchen(2009).A conceptual framework for physical facilities design evaluation and satisfaction in hospital buildings was developed.The study,however,provides useful information for the development of a design framework that can inform policy on hospital buildings.

基于BIM-Queuing Theory的超高层施工电梯配置方法研究

随着中国经济的高速发展,相对发达的城市都在建设超高层建筑并将其作为自己的地标性建筑。由于超高层建筑施工过程中工作面有限,投入资金量大,加快施工进度从而降低施工成本显得尤为重要。目前施工单位的施工管理水平有限,进度与成本两个目标的权衡变得很困难,施工单位在布置施工电梯时多是根据经验进行粗略估算,这可能会造成巨大的资源浪费。通过搜集和研究当前施工电梯在超高层建筑中的应用现状,应用BIM技术与排队论,结合施工电梯的实际应用状况,对施工电梯布置方法进行研究,力求为施工单位在配置施工电梯时提供一种新的思路,加强施工单位在施工过程中的管理水平,从而提高经济效益。

Research on the Construction of College Student Cadres Team From the Perspective of the Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In this paper, I carried on the research under the guidance of the theory of hierarchy of needs, and preventing a detailed work plan. During the research, we cleared for measures, which were ＂adhere to the people-oriented, mining the potential of students, make up the insufficient to properly resolve the crisis, to create a learning atmosphere＂. So it provides a new idea for promoting the construction and development of college student cadres, and maintains the stability of the campus and the construction of harmonious campus.

HOW DO GREEN BUILDINGS COMMUNICATE GREEN DESIGN TO BUILDING USERS?A SURVEY STUDY OF A LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDING

Studies investigating the benefits of green buildings can be approached by the affor-dance theory-the perceived properties of a thing that determine how it could pos-sibly be used.This study focuses on the sustainable communication and education that a green building should provide.By applying the affordance theory,we examined whether a LEED-certified university campus building effectively communicates green design and sustainability to its users and if so,then how?We employed a question-naire survey targeting campus users of a LEED-certified building by examining their awareness of the building’s LEED status and perception of green design elements at multiple spatial scales,as well as their general knowledge on green building topics.We collected 177 questionnaires,of which 153 were qualified for statistical analysis.The results suggested that the building itself can afford to promote awareness among users,but cannot afford to educate users on general green building knowledge.We found that building users perceived green design at different spatial scales,preferring either product or space-related design.Our results indicate that future design should continue promoting the use of educational signage,which was found to be the most effective communicator of sustainability.The communication of green design to users with different spatial preferences remains a future research focus.Further studies on the innovative use of green building design as effective communicators are needed to promote sustainability education among the building users.

A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF MOTIVATION AND INFLUENCES FOR ACADEMIC GREEN BUILDING DEVELOPMENTS IN AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITIES

Green building projects have been adopted by many universities in Australia as part of their renovation and expansion.In order to investigate the motivations of academic decision makers to invest in green facilities,a comprehensive analysis of media articles of 24 green academic buildings approved by the Green Building Council of Australia(between 2004 and 2011)were analysed using a qualitative analytical approach based on grounded theory.Findings in this work show that the decision makers in Australian universities are more likely to be driven by the direct benefits green buildings brought to the universities,enhancing universities’reputation and meeting the specific needs for education and research.Other factors that deal with improving universities’financial conditions and environmental protection were found to be a lower significance for investments.However the connections between the motivating factors also reveal the indirect benefits of green buildings which are an enhancement in reputation by fulfilling an environmental protection responsibility and research capacity enhancement by supplying technical study opportunities for students and researchers.This paper proposes an approach to deal with the complex network of vague and subjective concepts of the green buildings comprehension.It supplies researchers with tools for analysing abstract concepts and determining their interactions.

新内生发展理论视域下体育特色村庄助力建设宜居宜业和美乡村路径研究

运用文献资料调研、案例分析和逻辑推理等研究方法,在阐释体育特色村庄助力建设宜居宜业和美乡村的逻辑起点基础上,以新内生发展理论为指导,探讨新内生发展理论视域下体育特色村庄助力建设宜居宜业和美乡村的理论框架、实践案例与实施路径。首先,基于体育特色村庄发展的内生动力不足与外生动力脱嵌的客观情境,构建了包含内生动力(体育资源内生、体育价值认同和村庄体育主体动员)和外生动力(政府扶持和资本下乡)的内外联动的分析框架;其次,以浙江省宁波市象山县青山头村为例,验证了分析框架的行动逻辑;最后,在前期研究的基础上,遵循强化内生-促进外生-注重内外联动的发展思路,提出了挖掘村庄体育资源、强化主体价值认同、动员村庄体育主体、加大政府扶持力度、引导社会资本下乡、打造村庄内外联动治理共同体、促进城乡内外融合协同式发展的实施路径。

“中西交融”的管理理论建构与创新

基于理论与情境的匹配来建立管理理论分析框架,管理研究可以划分为成熟理论研究、拓展理论研究、新创理论研究和深入理论研究,分别解决不同的现实问题。中国管理理论的建构与创新主要延续着从“再情境化”到“去情境化”的动态循环,并在情境化理论和理论化情境的交替作用下,形成“成熟理论—拓展理论—新创理论—深入理论”的演进路径。中国情境不仅可以修正和完善西方管理理论并将其运用于本土情境,而且可以立足本土情境的独特性来建构中国管理理论,还能通过理论的持续创新进行扩散和传播,以形成能得到中西方共同接受与认可的管理理论体系,最终确立管理理论的“中国话语体系”和贡献中国管理智慧。

基于角色理论的档案社交媒体用户角色建构研究

Web2.0时代下,档案社交媒体的广泛应用改变了档案用户的活动空间和行为模式,使其面临角色加持和角色转变的挑战。角色理论为研究档案社交媒体用户的行为和态度提供了新的范式和视角。基于此,论文从角色理论视角探讨档案社交媒体用户角色建构的内涵,并在此基础上分析现阶段我国档案社交媒体用户由于档案意识薄弱、主体互动缺乏、档案专业技能欠缺造成的角色不清、角色偏差和角色中断等角色扮演困境,结合实际进一步指出角色定位明晰化、角色实践深入化、角色互动社群化、角色类型多元化的未来愿景,为此需要采取外部引导、内部调适为一体的角色建构策略,包括发挥档案主体能动作用、提升档案信息素养、开拓档案社交媒体用户活动空间、加强档案社交媒体用户角色调适。

社区营造中的城市居民:为何参与及何以可为?——以沈阳市X区“车棚革命”为例

实现人自由而全面的发展是中国式现代化的最终目标。社区营造“造人”的核心追求与之不谋而合,尤其关注最为核心、最具规模的社区居民。以对社区居民的深度访谈字表为研究对象,运用扎根理论方法探究城市居民参与社区营造的影响因素,并构建城市居民参与社区营造行为选择模型。研究发现,态度、主观规范、党委领导、政府负责、社区动员、社区社会资本以及自我效能感七大因素构成城市居民参与社区营造的影响因素,作为实现因素的自我效能感在倾向因素、环境因素、组织因素和参与行为之间起中介作用,态度和主观规范相互影响。主体信念是行为选择的根本性指引,城市社区居民参与社区营造理应回归培植个体公共性、建构共同体意识的逻辑之中。未来应该从个体塑造和组织促成两个维度发力,以需求撬动居民态度和自我效能感,以互动培育社区社会资本,发挥党委、政府、社区自治组织等主体的协同作用,构建人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体。

基于前景理论的绿色建筑供需主体演化博弈分析

为了促进绿色建筑市场供需双方的交易,系统考虑政府激励等客观条件及主体行为特征对其决策的影响,结合前景理论和演化博弈理论构建开发商开发行为和消费者购买行为的两方博弈模型,通过数理推导和数值仿真揭示了各类因素对绿色建筑发展的影响机理。研究表明:随着供应商绿色水平的提高,不同转型能力的开发商开发绿色建筑的概率越大;消费者可接受的绿色建筑溢价会随着消费者绿色偏好的增加而增加;政府应根据供需市场环境灵活调整对开发商和消费者的补贴;主体对选择绿色建筑时带来的增量收益表现得越理性、损失风险偏好越大,越趋向选择绿色建筑。

重写文明史:建构中国自主知识体系的底座

中国自古便有完整的哲学体系、文论体系、史学体系、艺术体系、教育体系、医学体系、科学技术体系以及其他各个学科的自主知识体系。然而,中国原有的自主知识体系在现当代基本上不被承认。这一问题的根源在文明观,文明观是基础,是自主知识体系的底座。近现代以来支撑各学科知识生产的标准、内涵、体系都建立在西方文明的底座上。文明底座是西方的,所构建的知识体系也就必然唯西是从,直接导致了对中国文明的贬低,对中国知识体系的全盘否定,形成了中国自主知识体系整体性的垮塌,走上了自毁长城之歧途。建构中国自主知识体系,首先要“重塑文明观”,重塑文明观则必须“重写文明史”,再从文明底座上建构哲学、史学、医学、科学技术等各个学科的自主知识体系,重获各学科知识体系本来的“话语权”,向世界呈现“理论中的中国”“创新中的中国”“文明中的中国”,建构自立自强的中国自主知识体系。

伟大建党精神融入高校思想政治理论课的实施困境探析

伟大建党精神教育是落实立德树人、实现为党育人的重要要求,也是高校思政课教学的内在要求。但在伟大建党精神融入高校思政课时面临意识不足、内容单一、方法老套等问题。从问题成因看,这些融入问题不仅与伟大建党精神资源开发不够、资源共享程度不高等有关,也与伟大建党精神与市场经济环境之间兼容性差、高校思政课教学缺乏情感性和创新性等有关。为此,应以伟大建党精神与思政课教学融合缺失为切入点,优化高校思政课的教学理念、课程内容、方法手段等,实现两者的无缝衔接和有机融合。

高校党建品牌创建的全流程模型探索——基于品牌理论

创建党建品牌是高校党组织提升组织力的重要方式,也是促进党建工作和业务工作融合的重要抓手。在品牌理论视角下,党建品牌的创建是系统而长期的过程,需要分阶段逐步推进。高校党建品牌创建全流程模型从品牌战略、品牌组合、品牌资产、品牌管理和品牌关系五大阶段入手,层层递进。首先,挖掘专业特色,结合育人目标形成宏观品牌;其次,通过横向和纵向联动,完善品牌体系;再次,通过线上线下协同宣传,增强品牌效应;从次,通过发挥支部战斗堡垒和党员先锋作用,扩大品牌影响;最后,通过加强考核,提高品牌质量。通过阶段性的精准施策,最终形成兼具影响力和美誉度的品牌体系。

国内外建筑围护结构风荷载规范对比研究

针对围护结构设计风荷载,分析了如下风荷载规范中的相关规定:中国GB 50009—2012、中国JGJ/T 481—2019、美国ASCE/SEI 7⁃16、日本AIJ⁃2015、澳大利亚/新西兰AS/NZS 1170.2:2021、欧洲BS EN 1991⁃1⁃4:2005、加拿大NBCC 2015。分析结果表明,国内外围护结构风荷载规范的理论基础主要包括准定常理论和风压极值理论,均将设计风荷载表示成设计风速与设计风压系数的乘积;设计风速的确定需要考虑地貌、局部地形、季节、风向、相邻建筑干扰等因素的影响,各国规范对这些因素考虑的详尽程度不一;设计风压系数则需要考虑来流湍流和特征湍流共同作用下风压的时间随机性和空间分布不均匀性、不同方向来流时建筑表面风压的差异性、建筑表面风压相关性等因素,各国规范均通过风压分区和面积折减较好地考虑了这些因素,不同之处在于不同规范所涵盖的建筑体型、考虑建筑几何参数影响的风压分区结果及面积折减的特征有所区别。