啮齿类动物Playfighting的行为学研究进展

Playfighting是一种常见的社会性互动形式,具有互惠性和合作性等特点。其贯穿于动物的整个生命周期,并且会通过影响动物的社交、认知和运动等进一步影响大脑的执行功能。啮齿类动物的playfighting行为因具有易识别、易量化等特点,而被广泛研究。本文主要以大鼠和金仓鼠为例,整理概述了近年来啮齿类动物playfighting行为的研究现状,包括行为模式及其相关影响因素,希望为今后进一步研究playfighting行为提供参考。

China Focus:China′s MA60 Firefighting Aircraft Moves One Step Closer To Obtaining Certification

BEIJING,Dec.20 (Xinhua)——China′s independently-developed MA60 firefighting aircraft,a new member of the Modern Ark multipurpose aircraft family,is progressing forward on its airworthiness certification process,according to the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).As an aircraft model tailored to serve emergency rescue missions,MA60 successfully completed a key test flight,which consisted of hedgehopping and dropping six tonnes of water,said the AVIC,China′s leading aircraft manufacturer.The aircraft successfully conducted the water drop over the scheduled site at a very low altitude of 55 meters.The test took place at an airport in southwest China′s Sichuan Province.

Whole-genome resequencing infers genomic basis of giant phenotype in Siamese fighting fish(Betta splendens)

Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypes is of importance in evolutionary biology and for genetic improvement of economically valuable animals.The giant phenotype of the fighting fish,Betta splendens,provides a unique opportunity to explore the genetic architecture of overgrowth in body size.As such,we re-sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 54 fighting fish.Genome-wide FST and selective sweep analyses using 3582429 DNA variants revealed three genomic regions at chr1,chr9,and chr11 that were associated with the giant phenotype.With a total length of~3.5 Mb,these regions showed high divergence between the giant and non-giant bettas.In contrast,no signature of selection was detected in the wild-type fish.Transcriptome analysis of brain and muscle samples from giant and normal bettas identified 14 candidate genes that were likely responsible for the giant phenotype.Overall,our data provide novel insights into the genetic basis of body size variation.The genome sequences,transcriptome sequences,DNA sequence variants,and candidate genes for body size provide valuable resources for further biological and evolutionary studies,as well as for rapid improvement in growth-related traits.

Three-Dimensional Kinematics Simulation of Robot Fighting Platform in Virtual Environment

A method of 3 D kinematics simulation of robot fighting platform （RFP） in virtual environment is proposed with the aim of enhancing vision telepresence. Based on the theory of space coordinate transformation, kinematics equat!ons of RFP are formulated; followed by applying a method of modeling using 3DMAX software to build an RFP＇s 3D geometric model before a 3D kinematics simulation system of RFP is completed based on virtual reality technology and Open Inventor VC ＋ ＋. Test results have indicated that this system can perform RFP＇s kinematics simulation in virtual environment. It can also imitate RFP＇s motion states and environmental features well. Moreover, not only can better real-time performances and interactions be achieved but also operator＇s vision telepresence be enhanced, therefore this approach may help lay the foundation for the realization of RFP＇s teleoperation with vision telepresence.

New neuroprotective perspectives in fighting oxidative stress and improving cellular energy metabolism by oleocanthal

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a progressive dysfunction and death of neural cells which lead to compromised motor or cognitive function.Morphologically,the loss of neuron is associated with both gliosis and,frequently,with abnormal accumulation of extracellular and intracellular filamentous deposit in specific cell types.With a rapidly increasing aging population,these diseases are becoming a primary health problem(Albers and Beal,2000).

Comparison of the Anthelmintic Efficacy of Three Commercial Products against Ascarids and Capillaria SPP. in Fighting Cocks

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of three commercial compounds against ascarids and Capillaria spp. in naturally infected fighting cocks from Mexico. First experiment.- Forty cocks were selected on the basis of eggs per gram (EPG) counts quantified by the McMaster method. On day 0 the birds were divided into four groups of 10 cocks, each subjected to the treatments. Group 1 received a single oral dose of 1 mg of ivermectin, 25 mg of praziquantel and 40 mg of fenbendazole given in tablets according to body weight (b.w). Group 2 was treated with a single oral dose of 1 mg of ivermectin, 25 mg of praziquantel and 40 mg of fenbendazole given in tablets/b.w. but formulated with a different excipient. Group 3 received a single tablet containing 0.2 mg of abamectin and 30 mg of albendazole. Group 4 served as a non-treated control. Fecal analyses were carried out on days 0 (day of treatment), 7, 14, 21 and 28, being collected from the floor where the cocks were individually caged. Efficacy was measured on the percentage of egg reduction from day 0 with respect the EPG counts from the control group. In a second experiment the study was similarly performed using another cock-farm located at approximately 300 km away from the first one. Results indicated an overall efficacy of 100%, 94.0% and 100% for groups 1, 2 and 3 in the first experiment and 100%, 100%, 100% for groups 1, 2 and 3 of the 2nd experiment, respectively. It is concluded that all drugs used exerted high efficacy in fighting cocks naturally infected with helminths.

Reduction of serotonergic gene expression in the raphe nuclei of the midbrain under positive fighting experience in male mice

The concept of a major inhibitory role of serotonin in aggressive behavior is widely accepted by investigators. There was ample evidence that a pharmacologically-induced increase in the serotonin activity attenuates agonistic behavior in animals, and that the manipulations inhibiting the brain serotonergic system can elicit aggressiveness in male mice and rats. Repeated experience of aggression in daily agonistic interactions has been shown to reduce serotonin activity in brain of victorious male mice. The study aimed to analyze expression of the serotonergic genes -Tph2, Sert, Maoa and Htr1a, as well as the Bdnf and Creb genes in the midbrain raphe nuclei of male mice with positive fighting experience in daily encounters and male mice with the same track record of aggression followed by two-week no-fight period. It has been shown that mRNA levels of the serotonergic and Creb genes are reduced in the winners in comparison with male mice without consecutive positive fighting experience of aggression. After the fighting deprivation the Tph2, Sert, Bdnf and Creb genes recover their expression while mRNA levels of the Maoa and Htr1a genes proceed at a significantly higher level as compared with the respective controls. Downregulation of serotonergic genes is indicative of the inhibition of serotonergic activity under repeated experience of aggression. Nevertheless recovering of Tph2 and Sert gene expression and overexpression of the Maoa and Htr1a genes after no-fight period suggest that changes in brain serotonergic activity are not main cause of the behavioral pathology developing in male mice in this experimental context.

Promoting the fighting spirit against the pandemic and planning a new chapter of nursing

2020 has been an extraordinary year.After the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),vast numbers of nurses have made an exceptional contribution to improving the recovery and reducing the mortality of patients.On International Nurses Day,President Xi Jinping extended festive congratulations and sincere condolences to nurses nationwide,and fully affirmed their important contributions in winning the battle against the pandemic in China and ensuring the safety and health of people in all countries.This is a great encouragement to us.We will bear in mind the President’s instructions,implement the fighting spirit against the pandemic in our work,insist on the people’s supremacy,importance of putting life first,and ensure the health of the people.

Thoughts of a travelling ecologist 10.Will fighting exotics ever succeed?

We live in the Age of Extinctions-the call for naming our time＂Anthropocene＂is no more than hubris and escapism from this colossal sin.Although the6thmass extinction has possibly already started（Barnosky et al.,2011）,and it may prove the largest so far to be endured by life on Earth,efforts are needed not to turn this into the Age of Loneliness,when humans may find themselves Masters of the Earthbut alone（Wilson,2014）.

Effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene on Survival of Frozen-TIhawed Fighting Bull Spermatozoa

The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect of 3 levels of butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT） supplemented in extender for fighting bull semen. Ejaculates were obtained from 10 healthy fighting bulls by artificial vagina. Semen with motility of more than 70% was included in the experiment. Tris-fructose-glycerol-egg yolk extender containing 0, 1, 3 and 7 mM BHT was used to dilute semen to final concentration of 200 × 10^6 cells/ml. Diluted semen was frozen in 0.25 mL straws and frozen semen was thawed in a 37 ℃ water bath for 15 sec before being evaluated at 0 and 1 hour. Sperm motility at 0 and 1 hour after thawing did not differ among groups tested （ranged 47.86-53.57 and 21.79-24.29 respectively）. At 0 hour after thawing, percentage of live sperm of 3 mM BHT （37.39% ± 2.91%） was lower than those of 0 and 1 mM BHT （43.71%± 2.76% and 41.46% ±2.59% respectively, P 〈 0.05） but not different from 7 mM BHT （40.89%± 2.50%）. The effect was more significant at 1 hour after thawing and 3 mM BHT （32.07% ± 2.45%） suppressed live cells more than other concentrations （ranged 35.07%-37.46%, P 〈 0.05）. At 0 hour after thawing, percentage of membrane integrity （hypo-osmotic swelling test） was not affected by BHT concentration （ranged 23.89%-28.54%）. However, at 1 hour after thawing, percentage of membrane integrity of 3 mM BHT （19.75% ± 1.41%） was lower that of 7 mM BHT （23.29% ± 1.88%, P 〈 0.05） but not different from those of 0 and 1 mM BHT （20.32% ±1.81% and 22.07% ± 2.27% respectively）. No significant effect was found on percentage of abnormal sperm. There was no effect of BHT supplementation in extender on most of the Hamilton-thorn motility analyser parameters. It may be concluded that 3 mM BHT can be harmful to fighting bull spermatozoa and lower concentrmion can be used without detrimental effect. Further study may be needed to verify use of BHT in lower range of concentrations.

Jointly Fighting Against the Epidemic and Tiding Over the Hard Times

While the whole world is fighting against the epidemics,China is demonstrating China's spirit,China's bearing and China's responsibility.With Chinese action,China is demonstrating that it is to join hands with the world to tide over the hard times.

CNPC’s Overseas Projects: Maintaining Stable Operations while Fighting against the Epidemic

Recently,according to CNPC instructions,CNPC’s overseas projects,such as NGCP project in Saudi Arabia,CPL’s project in Bangladesh,XDEC’s project,and BHDC No.5 Drilling Company’s project,have maintained stable operations while fighting against the epidemic–COVID-19.

Online Public Cultural Services Cheer for Fighting Against COVTD-19

During the temporary closing period,the public cultural institutions and cultural institutions under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China launched"online museum,"online theaterw" online library"and other products to provide people with rich public cultural services and cheer for fighting against COVID-19.

Fighting in the Sahara

Project Manager of the Liaohe Branch, Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting, Inc., China National Petroleum Corporation(BGP): This man undertakes an incredibly important task of the BGP: he firmly occupies the market in Cameroon and operates the company in a healthy manner. During his tenure, the international exploration market was in the downturn. He led his team to overcome difficulties and persevered in market development, and through close cooperation, he won the trust of the Cameroon National Oil Company and other international oil companies.

Recording Events of Fighting Against COVID-19 with Artworks(Ⅰ)

COVID-19 outbreak spreads across the globe in 2020.The National Art Museum of China teams up with the Chinese National Academy of Arts are actively engaged in artistic creations used for recording events of fighting against the COVID-19 with artwork,and make efforts to promote the spirit of fighting against and overcoming the COVID-19.

THE INDISPENSABLE UN Supporting the United Nation’s leading role in fighting three kinds of virus

In 1945,after two world wars,most countries were in ruins and the survivors craved an end to the dark days of pain,hunger and humiliation.The United Nations(UN)was founded to address these challenges and for three quarters of a century,the world in general has been free from the scourge of war.More countries have gained national independence and economic prosperity,and more than 1 billion people have emerged from poverty.The vision of the founders of the UN has become a reality.However,on September 21,when the 193-member world body commemorated its 75th anniversary,the celebrations were muted.Nobody felt cheerful and no place was safe for gathering together or shaking hands.Three kinds of rampant viruses stood in the way.

Recording Events of Fighting Against COVID-19 with Artworks (Ⅱ)

COVID-19 outbreak spreads across the globe in 2020.The National Art Museum of China teams up with the Chinese National Academy of Arts are actively engaged in artistic creations used for recording events of fighting against the COVID-19 with artwork,and make eftorts to promote the spirit of fighting against and overcoming the COVID-19.

Fighting to Complete the “Three Campaigns” of the Machine-Building Industry While Furthering the Opening

The machine-building industry involves a great variety of trades, providing service and technological equipment for a great number of sectors of a nation’s economy. The level of its development usually reflects the extent and level of the national industrialization. To enumerate the major ones, about 13 trades in China’s machine-building industry are under the direct administration of the Ministry of the Machine-building Industry, such as automobiles and motorcycles, electrical engineering and devices, heavy mining machines, petrochemical general machines,machine tools,machinery basic parts,instrumentation and meters,