A numerical survey of parameters to reach ignition condition for axial compression of a large-sized field reversed configuration

Field reversed configuration(FRC)is widely considered as an ideal target plasma for magnetoinertial fusion.However,its confinement and stability,both proportional to the radius,will deteriorate inevitably during radial compression.Hence,we propose a new fusion approach based on axial compression of a large-sized FRC.The axial compression can be made by plasma jets or plasmoids converging onto the axial ends of the FRC.The parameter space that can reach the ignition condition while preserving the FRC's overall quality is studied using a numerical model based on different FRC confinement scalings.It is found that ignition is possible for a large FRC that can be achieved with the current FRC formation techniques if compression ratio is greater than 50.A more realistic compression is to combine axial with moderate radial compression,which is also presented and calculated in this work.

Analysis of the Flow Field and Impact Force in High-Pressure Water Descaling

This study aims to improve the performances of the high-pressure water descaling technology used in steel hot rolling processes.In particular,a 2050 mm hot rolling line is considered,and the problem is investigated by means of a fluid–structure interaction(FSI)method by which the descaling effect produced by rolling coils with different section sizes is examined.Assuming a flat fan-shaped nozzle at the entrance of the R1R2 roughing mill,the outflow field characteristics and the velocity distribution curve on the strike line(at a target distance of 30–120 mm)are determined.It is found that the velocity in the center region of the water jet with different target distances is higher than that in the boundary region.As the target distance increases,the velocity of the water jet in the central region decreases.Through comparison with experimental results,it is shown that the simulation model can accurately predict the impact position of the high-pressure water on the impact plate,thereby providing a computational scheme that can be used to optimize the nozzle space layout and improve the slabs’descent effect for different rolling specifications.

Numerical Study on the Two-Dimensional Temperature Fields of Titanium/Aluminum Double-Layer Target Irradiated by High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam

Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with the deposited energy in the target taken as source term, were derived and solved by finite differential method. As a result, the two-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution profiles of temperature were obtained for a titanium/aluminum double-layer target irradiated by a pulse of HIPIB. The effects of ion beam current density on the phase state of the target materials near the film and substrate interface were analyzed. Both titanium and aluminum were melted near the interface after a shot when the ion beam current density fell in the range of 100 A/cm2 to 200 A/cm2.

Experimental study on magnetic drug targeting in treating cholangiocarcinoma based on internal magnetic fields

Objective: To evaluate the effect of magnetic nanoparticle containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) targeting in treating chol- angiocarcinoma based on internal magnetic fields built inside the tumor. Methods: 32 nude mice of BABL/C bearing ectopic tumor were built by subcutaneouly injecting cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC 939. Three weeks after tumor inoculation, the animal models were divided equally into four groups at random including: (a) group A, consisting of internal magnetic field built by magnetic biliary stent wires inserted into tumor tissue and receiving magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-FU administered via tail vein injection at 250 mg/kg for consecutive five days; (b) group B, receiving placebo (sodium chloride); (c) group C, receiving pure magnetic biliary stent wires without the applying of magnetic nanoparticles; (d) group D, consisting of external magnetic fields and the same treatment of magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-FU as group A. The tumor volumes were measured every 3 days, totally six times from treatment started. Tumor tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope when the nude mice were killed after the observation period. Results: The experimental group (group A) showed significantly therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, apoptosis of tumor cells could be easily detected in this group. Conclusion: Magnetic particles containing 5-FU combined with internal magnetic field can effectively treat cholangiocarcinoma, and its therapeutic efficacy is better than that of the traditional method based on external magnetic fields.

Proton radiography of magnetic fields generated with an open-ended coil driven by high power laser pulses

Recently generation of strong magnetic(B)fields has been demonstrated in capacitor coils heated by high power laser pulses[S.Fujioka et al.,Sci.Rep.3,1170(2013)].This paper will present a direct measurement of B field generated with an open-ended coil target driven by a nanosecond laser pulse using ultrafast proton radiography.The radiographs are analyzed with particle-tracing simulations.The B field at the coil center is inferred to be ~50 T at an irradiance of ~5×10^(14) W·cm^(-2).The B field generation is attributed to the background cold electron flow pointing to the laser focal spot,where a target potential is induced due to the escape of energetic electrons.

Magnetic nanoparticle drug targeting to patient-specific atherosclerosis: effects of magnetic field intensity and configuration

Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery is recognized as a promising option for targeted treatment of atherosclerosis. In this paper, the Eulerian-Lagrangian technique is adopted to simulate the delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles to patient-specific atherosclerotic plaque with the aid of an external magnetic field. Plaques and vascular walls are introduced as porous media formulated by the Darcy-Forchheimer model in this targeted transport process. The results demonstrate that the delivery efficiency of particles to atherosclerosis depends on the external magnetic field, such as configuration and intensity, in which the configuration angle of the current wire is a key factor and the double current wires have advantages over the single current wire. Meanwhile, the delivery efficiency gradually decreases as the distance between the plaque cap and the current wire increases. Further, although augmenting the current or magnetic susceptibility can generally improve the delivery efficiency of nanoparticles, this increase is not apparent when small-sized nanoparticles are employed as drug transport particles. The results obtained can potentially serve as the guideline to optimize regimens for the targeted therapy of atherosclerosis.

Virtual local target method for avoiding local minimum in potential field based robot navigation

A novel robot navigation algorithm with global path generation capability is presented. Local minimum is a most intractable but is an encountered frequently problem in potential field based robot navigation.Through appointing appropriately some virtual local targets on the journey, it can be solved effectively. The key concept employed in this algorithm are the rules that govern when and how to appoint these virtual local targets. When the robot finds itself in danger of local minimum, a virtual local target is appointed to replace the global goal temporarily according to the rules. After the virtual target is reached, the robot continues on its journey by heading towards the global goal. The algorithm prevents the robot from running into local minima anymore. Simulation results showed that it is very effective in complex obstacle environments.

Flow Field and Thermal Analysis of the Divertor Target Plate for HL-2A Tokamak

In the initial phase of the physics experiment, the double-null divertor plates used consist of graphite armor tiles, Mo-alloy intermediate layers and Cu-alloy coolant tubes. In the later operating phase, tungsten will be used as armor tiles. A multi-physical field numerical analysis method is used in this paper. Its analysis model reflects more realistically the real divertor structure than other models. Two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） fluid flow field, temperature distribution and thermal stress analyses of the divertor plates are carried out by the ANSYS code. During the physics experimental phase with a heat flux of 1 MW/m2, a coolant velocity of 5.48 m/s, and a thermal stress of 750 kg/cm2, the graphite armor tiles successfully meet the requirements of temperature, thermal stress and sputtering erosion. The tungsten armor will be considered as a second candidate. The result of simulation can be used for upgrading the design parameters of the HL-2A poloidal divertor.

Effects of Dropsonde Data in Field Campaigns on Forecasts of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific in 2020 and the Role of CNOP Sensitivity

Valuable dropsonde data were obtained from multiple field campaigns targeting tropical cyclones,namely Higos,Nangka,Saudel,and Atsani,over the western North Pacific by the Hong Kong Observatory and Taiwan Central Weather Bureau in 2020.The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP)method has been utilized in real-time to identify the sensitive regions for targeting observations adhering to the procedure of real-time field campaigns for the first time.The observing system experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dropsonde data and CNOP sensitivity on TC forecasts in terms of track and intensity,using the Weather Research and Forecasting model.It is shown that the impact of assimilating all dropsonde data on both track and intensity forecasts is case-dependent.However,assimilation using only the dropsonde data inside the sensitive regions displays unanimously positive effects on both the track and intensity forecast,either of which obtains comparable benefits to or greatly reduces deterioration of the skill when assimilating all dropsonde data.Therefore,these results encourage us to further carry out targeting observations for the forecast of tropical cyclones according to CNOP sensitivity.

A Modified Four Path Method for Calculating Coupling Field of Super-Low Altitude Aircraft Target

A novel modified four path method (FPM) is presented for calculating coupling field of super-low altitude aircraft target. Based on the hybrid method PO + MEC (Physical Optics and Method of Equivalent Currents), the antenna radiation pattern is introduced to consider the multipath interference from side lobe of seeker. The modified FPM is used to calculate the coupling field from super-low altitude aircraft target above different terrestrial environments. The curves of scattering coefficient are analyzed. The influences of height of target, root mean square (RMS), and incident angle on coupling field characteristics are discussed. The simulation results can be used for reference in detection for super-low altitude target and optimization for radar system.

Underwater Noise Target Recognition Based on Sparse Adversarial Co-Training Model with Vertical Line Array

The automatic identification of underwater noncooperative targets without label records remains an arduous task considering the marine noise interference and the shortage of labeled samples.In particular,the data-driven mechanism of deep learning cannot identify false samples,aggravating the difficulty in noncooperative underwater target recognition.A semi-supervised ensemble framework based on vertical line array fusion and the sparse adversarial co-training algorithm is proposed to identify noncooperative targets effectively.The sound field cross-correlation compression(SCC)feature is developed to reduce noise and computational redundancy.Starting from an incomplete dataset,a joint adversarial autoencoder is constructed to extract the sparse features with source depth sensitivity,aiming to discover the unknown underwater targets.The adversarial prediction label is converted to initialize the joint co-forest,whose evaluation function is optimized by introducing adaptive confidence.The experiments prove the strong denoising performance,low mean square error,and high separability of SCC features.Compared with several state-of-the-art approaches,the numerical results illustrate the superiorities of the proposed method due to feature compression,secondary recognition,and decision fusion.

Calibration of Camera with Large Field-of-View Based on Flexible Planar Target

For high precision calibration of camera with large field-of-view,massive calibration points will be needed if traditional methods are selected,which makes the calibration complex and time-consuming.In order to solve this problem,a calibration method based on flexible planar target is proposed.In this method,distortion factor is firstly acquired by the invariance of cross ratio,and existing feature points are adjusted with the distortion factor.Then,a large number of points that will be used for the calibration are constructed with the adjusted feature points.Simultaneously,Tsai method is modified so as to reduce the complexity of calibration,which makes the process linear.The simulation and real experiments show that the method proposed in this paper is simple,linear,accurate and robust,and the precision of this method is close to that of Tsai method using abundant points.The method can satisfy the requirement of high precision calibration for camera with large field-of-view.

基于改进YOLOv5的遥感图像目标检测

目前目标检测技术虽然已经趋于成熟,但是对遥感图像的检测仍存在不少挑战。针对遥感图像的背景复杂、目标尺度差异大、目标方向任意等特点造成目标检测精度低下的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5的遥感图像目标检测算法。首先,构建一种联合注意力的多尺度特征增强网络,充分融合高低层特征,使特征层具有语义信息的同时包含丰富的细节信息,并在融合过程中利用设计的特征聚焦模块帮助模型选择关键特征,抑制无关信息。其次,使用感受野模块(RFB)对融合后的特征图进行更新,扩大特征图的感受野,减少特征信息损失。最后,对目标增加旋转角度,并采用圆形平滑标签将回归问题转化成分类问题,提高遥感目标定位的准确性。在用于航拍图像目标检测的大规模数据集(DOTA)上的实验结果表明,与YOLOv5算法相比,所提算法的交并比(Io U)为0.5和0.5~0.95时的平均精度均值(m AP@0.5和m AP@0.5∶0.95)分别提高了7.3和3.3个百分点,能够明显提高复杂背景下遥感图像目标的检测精度,并改善对遥感目标的漏检和误检情况。

基于小波变换和压缩感知的工频磁异常信号降噪方法

针对强噪声背景下水下目标微弱工频磁异常信号提取困难的问题,提出一种基于小波变换的压缩感知降噪方法。该方法利用噪声信号不具有稀疏性的特点,将含噪信号在小波域内分解,并在此基础上进行压缩感知的重构与降噪处理,实现微弱工频磁异常信号与噪声最大限度地分离。仿真及试验表明,该方法得到很好的降噪效果,避免了小波阈值滤波中阈值选取对降噪效果的影响,能够最大程度地保留原始信号的固有特征。

基于改进人工势场算法的煤矿井下机器人路径规划

路径规划是煤矿机器人在煤矿井下狭小巷道空间中应用亟待解决的关键技术之一。针对传统人工势场(APF)算法在狭小巷道环境中规划出的路径可能离巷道边界过近,以及在障碍物附近易出现目标不可达和路径振荡等问题,提出了一种基于改进APF算法的煤矿机器人路径规划方法。参考《煤矿安全规程》有关规定建立了巷道两帮边界势场,将机器人行驶路径尽量规划在巷道中间,以提高机器人行驶安全性;在障碍物斥力势场中引入调节因子,以解决目标不可达问题;引入转角限制系数以平滑规划出的路径,减少振荡,提高规划效率,保证规划路径的安全性。仿真结果表明:当目标点离障碍物很近时,改进APF算法可成功规划出能够抵达目标点的路径;改进APF算法规划周期数较传统算法平均减少了14.48%,转向角度变化累计值平均减少了87.41%,曲率绝对值之和平均减少了78.09%,表明改进APF算法规划的路径更加平滑,路径长度更短,规划效率和安全性更高。

基于改进目标场法梯度线圈的感应式磁声磁粒子浓度成像研究

感应式磁声磁粒子浓度成像(MACT-MI)是一种基于磁声耦合效应的磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)浓度成像新方法。由于其磁声信号的信噪比低,导致系统成像质量不佳,该文提出一种改善MACT-MI信噪比的新思路:首先,基于经典目标场法(TFM)设计梯度线圈的思路,将最小化磁场相对误差定义为适应度函数,并采用鲸鱼优化算法对电流密度系数进行优化,设计了一种结构灵活、激励简单的高质量梯度磁场线圈;其次,为研究梯度磁场空间分布特征对MACT-MI的影响,该文构建不同的MNPs分布模型,并利用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL对MACT-MI的物理过程进行数值求解,得到成像区域的磁力和声压分布。仿真结果表明,磁力和声压的有效波动范围与梯度磁场均匀空间的大小成正比,且随着均匀空间的缩小,磁力和声压的峰值也随之衰减,通过提高磁场的均匀度可以有效提高磁声信号的信噪比,改善系统成像质量。研究结果可为成像装备的设计以及MACT-MI的后续实验应用提供研究基础。

改进人工势场算法的路径规划

人工势场法是一种适用于局部路径规划的算法,针对人工势场法存在的目标不可达、局部极小值等固有缺陷,提出了一种改进后的人工势场法。首先针对目标不可达问题,将引力影响因子添加到斥力场的生成中,改进斥力场函数,从而避免引力与斥力合力为零的情况。针对局部极小值问题,通过设立虚拟目标点来引入额外外力,打破机器人的平衡问题。通过与其他算法的对比实验,仿真结果显示,改进人工势场法规划的路径长度和消耗时间都更短,稳定性更强。

应用于无人机全局航迹规划的改进双向RRTs算法

针对无人机复杂环境下的全局航迹规划问题,将人工势场法与双向RRTs(Rapidly-exploring random trees)算法结合,提出一种改进双向RRTs算法。首先,目标偏置策略引导采样点以一定概率顺着目标点生成,同时随机树新节点受到障碍物斥力和目标点引力的合力影响有效避开障碍物生长,提高航迹搜寻效率,其次对随机树的节点扩展考虑了无人机飞行性能约束条件,最后采用3阶贝塞尔函数进一步航迹优化。仿真结果表明:二维和三维复杂环境中改进双向RRTs算法相比传统RRT、双向RRTs算法航迹搜索耗时减少了71.3%、24.7%和41.0%、18.6%,验证了改进算法全局搜索能力的快速性和有效性,能很好的应用于无人机离线全局航迹规划场合。

改进YOLOX的夜间安全帽检测算法

安全帽检测是保障建筑施工现场安全的一个有效手段。为保证暗光条件下图像分辨度,塔机吊钩摄像头夜间经常需采集灰度图像。由于摄像头晃动和人员走动,安全帽目标区域还经常会出现模糊现象。为解决模糊灰度图像中目标特征丢失所导致的检测精度下降问题,以YOLOX为基准模型,提出一种用于夜间安全帽检测的特征增强和回归权重自适应YOLOX(feature enhancement and regression weight adaptive,FERWA-YOLOX)算法。算法在输入层增加了融合不同大小感受野的多尺度残差(multi-scale residuals,MSR)模块,在同层网络中融合更多局部特征,降低目标局部模糊带来的影响;在解耦头的分类分支增加并行池化通道注意力(parallel pooling channel attention,PPCA)模块,弥补因目标颜色特征丢失所导致的网络分类能力的下降;设计了一种带双惩罚项的损失函数(double penalty items-Siou,DPI-Siou),自适应地降低形状固定目标的形状损失和模糊目标在回归时的权重,提高网络的检测精度。实验结果表明,FERWA-YOLOX较原YOLOX算法,mAP提升了4.88个百分点,参数量仅提升0.5 MB,且满足夜间实时检测需求。

基于FOCA的永磁游标电机PI参数自整定

针对磁场定向控制中电流内环和转速外环比例积分(PI)控制器参数整定困难且耗时长的问题,基于Matlab/Simulink的磁场定向控制自整定(FOCA)模块搭建了永磁游标电机磁场定向控制双闭环调速系统参数自整定模型。该模块在PI控制器输出端注入正弦扰动信号,根据系统输入输出数据计算频率响应,基于频率响应自动整定PI参数,同时实现指定的目标带宽和相位裕度。最后通过仿真对比分析各个环路整定前后的控制性能,仿真结果表明使用FOCA模块能够快速自动整定PI控制器参数并且拥有良好的控制性能。