For years the interest of the UDR1 researcher group has been focused on the development of a Hybrid Series (HS) vehicle, different from the standard one, using a Gas Turbine (GT) set as a thermal engine. The reason of...For years the interest of the UDR1 researcher group has been focused on the development of a Hybrid Series (HS) vehicle, different from the standard one, using a Gas Turbine (GT) set as a thermal engine. The reason of this choice resides in the opportunity to reduce weight and dimension, in comparison to a traditional In- ternal Combustion Engine (ICE). It’s not possible to use the GT engine directly for the vehicle traction, so the UDR1 HS configuration shows the GT set connected with the electric generator only. The result is that the traction is pure electric. Many efforts are spent in the definition of a generic scientific method to define the correct ratio HD (the Hybridization Degree) between the installed power of the battery pack and that of the GT electric generator which simultaneously guarantee the main life for the battery package and the ca- pacity of the vehicle to complete a common mission (about 15 km - 30 km) without lack of energy or stop. This paper reports all studies carried out and finally proposes a possible configuration (weight distribution, VMU logic control, GT dimensions and power rate, battery package characteristics and so on) for mid term solution in the Italian transport system.展开更多
Pedestrian safety evacuation in aircraft cabins has been a challenging problem because of the aircraft’s unique characteristics,such as the diversity of passengers and the restricted evacuation environment.It is diff...Pedestrian safety evacuation in aircraft cabins has been a challenging problem because of the aircraft’s unique characteristics,such as the diversity of passengers and the restricted evacuation environment.It is difficult to reproduce evacuation activities in aircraft cabin due to safety concerns and cost constraints.To fill this gap,an improved cellular automaton model of crowd evacuation for aircraft cabin is established by incorporating the characteristics of cabin space structures and passenger attributes.Passengers are divided into healthy individual passengers and disabled-healthy group passengers,whose movement mechanisms are quantified.Based on the constructed model,simulation experiments are conducted using the configuration cabin layout of B737-800 as an example.The results show that the evacuation time is prolonged with increased passenger density and the number of disabled passengers.Moreover,the overall evacuation time is insignificantly affected by whether disabled-healthy group passengers’seats are close to the aisle or window,and the evacuation efficiency is best when their seats are evenly distributed in the cabin.The evacuation time is the shortest when all cabin doors are open,and pedestrians are evacuated the slowest when the central emergency doors are closed.This study pro-vides valuable insights into effective strategies for pedestrian evacuation and crowd emergency management of civil aircraft.展开更多
文摘For years the interest of the UDR1 researcher group has been focused on the development of a Hybrid Series (HS) vehicle, different from the standard one, using a Gas Turbine (GT) set as a thermal engine. The reason of this choice resides in the opportunity to reduce weight and dimension, in comparison to a traditional In- ternal Combustion Engine (ICE). It’s not possible to use the GT engine directly for the vehicle traction, so the UDR1 HS configuration shows the GT set connected with the electric generator only. The result is that the traction is pure electric. Many efforts are spent in the definition of a generic scientific method to define the correct ratio HD (the Hybridization Degree) between the installed power of the battery pack and that of the GT electric generator which simultaneously guarantee the main life for the battery package and the ca- pacity of the vehicle to complete a common mission (about 15 km - 30 km) without lack of energy or stop. This paper reports all studies carried out and finally proposes a possible configuration (weight distribution, VMU logic control, GT dimensions and power rate, battery package characteristics and so on) for mid term solution in the Italian transport system.
基金supported by Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(MZ2022KF07)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No22042333)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021III053JC,2021III052JC).
文摘Pedestrian safety evacuation in aircraft cabins has been a challenging problem because of the aircraft’s unique characteristics,such as the diversity of passengers and the restricted evacuation environment.It is difficult to reproduce evacuation activities in aircraft cabin due to safety concerns and cost constraints.To fill this gap,an improved cellular automaton model of crowd evacuation for aircraft cabin is established by incorporating the characteristics of cabin space structures and passenger attributes.Passengers are divided into healthy individual passengers and disabled-healthy group passengers,whose movement mechanisms are quantified.Based on the constructed model,simulation experiments are conducted using the configuration cabin layout of B737-800 as an example.The results show that the evacuation time is prolonged with increased passenger density and the number of disabled passengers.Moreover,the overall evacuation time is insignificantly affected by whether disabled-healthy group passengers’seats are close to the aisle or window,and the evacuation efficiency is best when their seats are evenly distributed in the cabin.The evacuation time is the shortest when all cabin doors are open,and pedestrians are evacuated the slowest when the central emergency doors are closed.This study pro-vides valuable insights into effective strategies for pedestrian evacuation and crowd emergency management of civil aircraft.
