The Current Situation and Future Expectationsof China's Pilot Boatsl

Pilots need to board the ship for pilotage,but there are risks or potential dangers in the transfer of pilot.The author reviewed the history of the development of pilot boats,analyzed the potential risks or dangers of transferring pilot,proposed that pilot boat shall have the function of ensuring the safety of pilot when embarking or disembarking the ships,some suggestions on the future design and manufacture of Chinese pilot boats are also given according to the advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign pilot boats.

Green Synthesis of Nitrogen-to-Ammonia Fixation: Past, Present, and Future

The nitrogen(N2)-to-ammonia(NH3)fixation driven by renewable energy has an attractive prospect to relieve the global warming and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.Ideally,photocatalytic,electrochemical,and photoelectrochemical approaches are developed as the next-generation NH3 synthesis technologies to substitute the Haber–Bosch method.However,the NH3 yield rate of nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)by green approaches is extremely low,resulting in the current dilemma of NRR and contamination issues.Thus,in this mini review,the past advances on the sustainable NRR are briefly summarized in the three aspects as follows:the selectivity and adjustment of various catalysts,the type of electrolyte/solvent system,and the investigation of reaction conditions.Subsequently,the recent critical activities in the area of sustainable NH3 synthesis are analyzed and discussed deeply,and a perspective for rational and healthy development of this area is provided positively。

Current status and future of systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has been perceived as a malignancy that is resistant to systemic chemotherapy for long periods of time.Despite initial efforts that were supported by the NCI to help elucidate any potential role for systemic doxorubicin,no standard of care was approved and acknowledged for HCC until the advent of sorafenib.Sorafenib,a multi-kinase inhibitor with an anti-angiogenic effect,was evaluated in a large phase III clinical trial versus placebo and showed a clear improvement of survival in its favor,which helped establish it as a standard of care.This was back in 2007,and since then we lingered in a long hiatus of several genuine attempts to test potentially more powerful anti-angiogenics to no avail.In 2017,things changed markedly with 4 clinical trials showing improvements in survival or non-inferiority outcome.In the first line setting,lenvatinib,another multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and anti-FGF activity showed non-inferiority versus sorafenib and is now FDA approved.In the second line setting,regorafenib.another multikinase inhibitor with ample similarity to sorafenib but some differences showed improvement in survival after progression on sorafenib when tested against placebo.Cabozantinib,another multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-c-met activity also showed an improvement in survival versus placebo,while ramicirumab also showed an improvement in survival versus placebo in the same setting yet only for patients with elevated alpha fetoprotein(AFP).The advent of checkpoint inhibitors has already led to the approval of anti-PD-1 nivolumab in the second line setting based on a response rate of 15%-20%despite the lack of survival data.Ongoing studies are now evaluating the combination of different checkpoint inhibitors and also the combination of checkpoint inhibitors plus multikinase inhibitors.This incredible increase in the number of targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors from 1 to 6 cannot go unnoticed,adding to the already reported positive outcome data that led to the approval of FOLFOX as a first line therapy in China.The most crucial challenge now is choosing a therapy based on the ample amount of positive outcome data.This is expected to be driven by the basis of biology that would help pick one therapy versus the other.Other important variables are ethnicity and etiology.We still have yet to understand the genetic and biological differences,if any.

The Current Situationand Future Tendency of Corporate Governance Reform in China

The state-owned enterprises（SOEs） reform in China has plunged into the most urgent stage, and more than 20 years＇ market-oriented reform of SOEs in China seems to have no enough economic efficiency. This paper discusses some issues concerning corporate governance reform of SOEs in China. In section A, we first analyze the current situation and major issues in corporate governance reform of SOEs in China. In Section B, we discuss how to further reform SOEs＇ corporate governance in China. Final section discusses the possible model of China＇s corporate governance.

Impact of surgery on the outcome after spinal cord injury – current concepts and an outlook into the future

Traumatic spinal cord injury（SCI）remains a devastating neurological disorder leading to severe consequences for the affected individual and their families.Further,socioeconomic implications should not be neglected as well.Although life expectancy after SCI increased tremendously,therapeutic treatment options remain limited.

Optical coherence tomography angiography of the optic nerve head, current situation and future perspective

The circulation of the optic nerve head is derived from two sources;the prelaminar,laminar and retrolaminar circulation are mainly arise from the posterior ciliary artery circulation,whereas the nerve fiber layer over the optic disc is fed by central retinal artery(1,2).A variety of optic neuropathies with ischemic,glaucomatous,inflammatory and hereditary etiologies may affect the

Legal Aid in China——History,current conditions and future

Legal aid, also known as legal relief, is commonly adopted in many countries. In fact, it is an indispensable part of the legal system in a modern society ruled by law. It is an important guarantee for the fairness in the administration of justice and human rights relief. It is also an important mark of political civilization and social progress in a country

Transfer-free chemical vapor deposition graphene for nitride epitaxy: challenges, current status and future outlook

Graphene, a two-dimensional material with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties, has attracted considerable attention in the field of semiconductor technologies due to its potential use as a buffer layer for the epitaxial Ⅲ-nitride growth. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on various insulating substrates for the nitride epitaxy, which offers a facile, inexpensive, and easily scalable methodology. However, certain challenges are still present in the form of producing high-quality graphene and achieving optimal interface compatibility with Ⅲ-nitride materials.In this review, we provide an overview of the bottlenecks associated with the transferred graphene fabrication techniques and the state-of-the-art techniques for the transfer-free graphene growth. The present contribution highlights the current progress in the transfer-free graphene growth on different insulating substrates, including sapphire, quartz, SiO_(2)/Si, and discusses the potential applications of transfer-free graphene in the Ⅲ-nitride epitaxy. Finally, it includes the prospects of the transfer-free graphene growth for the Ⅲ-nitride epitaxy and the challenges that should be overcome to realize its full potential in this field.

The Comparison of Current Development,Technology and Governments’Attitudes of Driverless Car at Home and Abroad

Driverless car,as a direction for future automobile development,greatly improves the efficiency and safety of the traffic system.It’s one of the most popular technical fields.In recent years,driverless car has developed rapidly.The related development is concerned by governments,businesses,consumers and stakeholders widely,and most of countries have been actively studying this technology.This paper first introduces the current development of driverless car at home and abroad.Besides,the basic technologies of driverless car are briefly analyzed.In addition,the author compares the American government’s attitudes with Chinese government’s attitudes towards driverless car.Specifically,the article makes an analysis of contents of literature and periodicals at home and abroad and policies and documents which have already been published.The analysis shows that there is no great difference between the attitudes of Chinese and American governments.Both of two governments actively support the development of driverless car.Finally,this paper expounds the development direction of the driverless car field in future by dividing into two categories through road conditions:automatic driving on expressways and automatic driving in cities.

Indexing large moving objects from past to future with PCFI

In moving object database, the moving objects’ current position must be kept in memory, also to the trajectory, in some case, as same as the future. But the current existing indexes such as SEB tree, SETI tree, 2+3R tree, 2 3RT tree and etc. can only provide the capability for past and current query, and the TPR Tree, TPR * Tree and etc. can only provide the capability for current and future query. None of them can provide a strategy for indexing the past, current and also the future information of moving objects. In this paper, we propose the past current future Index (PCFI Index) to index the past, current & future information of the moving objects. It is the combination of SETI tree and TPR * tree, the SETI liking index is used for indexing the historical trajectory segments except the front line structure, and the moving objects’ current positions, velocities are indexed via the in memory frontline structure which mainly implemented with TPR * tree. Considering the large update operations on TPR tree of large population, a hash table considering cache sensitivity is also introduced. It works with the frontline part, leading a bottom up update of the tree. The performance analysis proves that the PCFI index can handle most of the query efficiently and provides a uniform solution for the trajectory query, time slice query, internal query and moving query.

Current status and future of acid rain in China

As a part of the national key project of acid rain research, chemical element analysis of rainwater has been carried out based on observation of acid rain network in Chinese MeteorologicalAdministration over the years of 1992 and 1993. Samples of precipitation collected from eachacid rain station were taken according to the standard established by Chinese MeteorologicalAdministration. pH value was measured with pH meter (accuracy of 0. 01) made in

Dermoscopy in China: current status and future prospective

Objective: Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progress in the field of dermoscopy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of dermoscopy in China and identify its future directions. Data sources: Articles included in this review were obtained by searching the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before 2019 with keywords including dermoscopy, dermoscopic, dermoscope and trichoscopy. Study selection: A total of 50 studies were selected. Of these studies, 20 studies were in Chinese and 30 in English, research samples of all the studies were collected from Chinese populations. Results: Since 2000, more than 380 articles about dermoscopy have been published in domestic or foreign journals. Dermoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect of treatment, and determining the treatment endpoint, and it can also assist in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and in the assessment of the severity of the disease. In addition, researches about the applications of dermoscopy during surgical treatment have been published. Training courses aiming to improve the diagnostic ability of dermatologists, either face-to-face or online, have been offered. The Chinese Skin Image Database, launched in 2017 as a work platform for dermatologists, has promoted the development of dermoscopy in China. Computer-aided diagnostic systems based on the Chinese population are ready for use. In the future, cooperation, resource sharing, talent development, image management, and computer-aided diagnosis will be important directions for the development of dermoscopy in China. Conclusion: Dermoscopy has been widely used and developed in China, however, it still needs to address more challenges in the future.

Few-layer MoS2 saturable absorbers for short-pulse laser technology: current status and future perspectives [Invited]

Few-layer molybdenum disulfide（MoS2） is emerging as a promising quasi-two-dimensional material for photonics and optoelectronics, further extending the library of suitable layered nanomaterials with exceptional optical properties for use in saturable absorber devices that enable short-pulse generation in laser systems. In this work, we catalog and review the nonlinear optical properties of few-layer MoS2, summarize recent progress in processing and integration into saturable absorber devices, and comment on the current status and future perspectives of MoS2-based pulsed lasers.

Current status and future directions of the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem research

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) encompasses Xizang and Qinghai and parts of northern Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, with a total area of circa 2.6 millions km2. The 2013 satellite data showed that grasslands, forests, wetlands, agricultural lands, and deserts account for 60%, 7.7%, 1.4%, 0.3%, and 30%, respectively, of total TP land (1)Due to its existence in dry, high altitude and cold environments, the TP ecosystem is extremely vulnerable to global climate change and studies on the TP ecosystem can be utilized as a pre-warning for other ecosystems.

The Awkward Sharing Economy:Its Status Quo and Prospect

This paper comprehensively analyzes the origins,current situation,and prospects of the sharing economy.The primary purpose is to present the issues and challenges confronting the sharing economy at its current,awkward stage of development and to make reasonable speculations about its future.The research is based on academic literature on the sharing economy from both domestic and international sources.The findings indicate that despite current shortcomings in the regulatory system,industry structure,and user behavior,the scope of the sharing economy’s applications could still expand,and its technology could continue to advance.Overall,the prospects for the sharing economy are likely to be promising.

Analysis On the Current Status and Future Development Trend of China's Lithium Industry

Recently,the 2016 Lithium Industry Forum,an event hosted by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association Lithium Branch,opened in Xining,Qinghai Province.Li Bingxin,Deputy Secretary-general of the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association Lithium Branch,shared the operation

Artificial intelligence in rectal cancer:What is the future?

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most prevalent cancer in both men and women,and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.Around 60%-70%of CRC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages,with nearly 20%having liver metastases.It is noteworthy that the 5-year survival rates decline significantly from 80%-90%for localized disease to a mere 10%-15%for patients with metastasis at the time of diagnosis.Early diagnosis,appropriate therapeutic strategy,accurate assessment of treatment response,and prognostication is essential for better outcome.There has been significant technological development in the last couple of decades to improve the outcome of rectal cancer including Artificial intelligence(AI).AI is a broad term used to describe the study of machines that mimic human intelligence,such as perceiving the environment,drawing logical conclusions from observations,and performing complex tasks.At present AI has demonstrated a promising role in early diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment outcomes for patients with rectal cancer,a limited role in surgical decision making,and had a bright future.

高校网络舆情研究当前热点与未来展望——基于CiteSpace可视化分析

新形势下加强舆情引导和治理,防范化解高校网络舆情风险,对掌握意识形态工作领导权有重要意义。通过对2007-2023年高校网络舆情研究的文献进行可视化分析,阐释了研究当前热点为高校网络舆情的定义、类型、特征、成因和传播,时代背景、影响和应对策略,应急管理和机制,主体引导及综述和文献计量分析五个方面。新媒体融入高校网络舆情、高校网络舆情风险评估和治理、基于具体高校突发舆情事件的定性比较分析,是未来研究的主要趋势。

黄河水沙变化:历史、现状与未来

在现状防洪工程格局下,实现长治久安,核心在于黄河下游能否长期“河床不抬高”,而决定河床淤积抬高的关键因素是水沙条件。本文分析了2200多年来黄河下游决溢频次、黄土高原气候和社会环境变化,利用史料、前人研究成果和实测数据等,对不同历史时期黄河水沙的变化情况进行了分析。研究表明,从西汉时期至1970年代,黄河水沙量总体呈现为“水量越来越少、沙量越来越多”的趋势:在东汉故道行河的前837年(公元70—907年),黄河沙量只有4亿~5.5亿t/a、下游水量超600亿m^(3)/a,随后的127年黄河沙量增至7亿t/a左右、下游水量减至580亿m^(3)/a;1579—1918年黄河沙量增加到15亿t/a、下游水量减至570亿m^(3)/a;1933—1979年是黄土高原产沙最丰的时期,黄河潼关站实测输沙量为16.2亿t/a,若还原坝库拦沙后“天然”输沙量达19.2亿t/a。1980年代至今,黄河水沙呈现出“水沙均减”的趋势,其中,2000—2023年潼关站实测输沙量为2.34亿t/a,还原坝库拦沙后“天然”输沙量为5.5亿t/a,与唐代持平,下游实测径流量290亿m^(3)/a,是唐末的46%。未来,依靠持之以恒的水土保持,黄河沙量或许可以长期控制在4亿~5亿t/a,达到东汉故道行河前期的来沙水平,但因下游来水量难超270亿m^(3)/a,黄河下游现行河道的行河寿命难以比肩东汉故道。