Path-dependent speciation in dynamic fitness landscapes

Species is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology and biodiversity.However,existing species definitions are often influenced by artificial factors or are challenging in practical application,leading to confusion in species classification.Due to uncertain environmental changes and random genetic drift,the fitness expectations of a population may shift,causing species to evolve to a new evolutionary state based on their current instantaneous fitness within a dynamic fitness landscape.This contrasts with the classic static fitness landscape,where fitness expectations are constant.In a dynamic fitness landscape,speciation may exhibit path dependence,where the evolution of traits follows a probabilistic path,creating feedback that shapes evolutionary trajectories.The path-dependent evolutionary mechanism suggests that species survival within an ecosystem is not directly determined by their fitness but by the probability of their evolutionary pathways.This model also indicates that species can coexist with varying probabilities under limited environmental pressures.Consequently,new species,cryptic species,or sympatric species may emerge via path-dependent evolutionary processes.Within this framework,we developed a mathematical species concept,which may guide future species classification methodologies.

Existence of Solutions to Path-Dependent Kinetic Equations and Related Forward-Backward Systems

This paper is devoted to path-dependent kinetics equations arising, in particular, from the analysis of the coupled backward-forward systems of equations of mean field games. We present local well-posedness, global existence and some regularity results for these equations.

The Algorithm of the Time-Dependent Shortest Path Problem with Time Windows

In this paper, we present a new algorithm of the time-dependent shortest path problem with time windows. Give a directed graph , where V is a set of nodes, E is a set of edges with a non-negative transit-time function . For each node , a time window ?within which the node may be visited and ?, is non-negative of the service and leaving time of the node. A source node s, a destination node d and a departure time?t0, the time-dependent shortest path problem with time windows asks to find an s, d-path that leaves a source node s at a departure time t0;and minimizes the total arrival time at a destination node d. This formulation generalizes the classical shortest path problem in which ce are constants. Our algorithm of the time windows gave the generalization of the ALT algorithm and A* algorithm for the classical problem according to Goldberg and Harrelson [1], Dreyfus [2] and Hart et al. [3].

Modeling of the loading path dependent magnetomechanical behavior of Galfenol alloy

The magnetomechanical behavior of single-crystal Galfenol alloy was found to be strongly dependent on the loading paths. An energy-based anisotropic domain rotation model, assuming that the interaction between domains can be ignored and the probability of the magnetic moment pointing along a particular direction is related to the free energy along this direction, is used to simulate the magnetostriction versus magnetic field and stress curve and to track the magnetic domain motion trail. The main reason for loading path dependent effect is the rotation/flipping of the magnetic domains under different loading paths. The effect of loading and unloading paths on 90° magnetic domain motion was studied by choosing different loading and unloading state and paths. The results show that prior loading magnetic field can make the 90° magnetic domains flip to the directions of 45°domains because the magnetic field is the driving force to make the domains rotate, and the final loading state and the loading path both have great influence on the motion of 90° magnetic domains.

压力型体制下基层减负政策执行困境与优化路径--基于珠三角M镇的调研分析

在中央提出“为基层减负”的背景下,不同地方政府显现出差异化的政策执行样态:既有一些地方政府积极响应中央指示,着力解决形式主义与官僚主义顽疾,也有一些地方政府消极应对上级考核要求,以致中央减负政策执行难以达到预期。基于珠三角M镇调研发现:在压力型体制下,中央减负政策执行陷入任务分解与责任摊派的路径依赖困境,非但难以降低基层部门工作负担,反而致使其陷入遵照执行减负抑或主动加码的两难选择困境,甚至在完成减负指标之后,出现工作量超负荷弥补与报复性反弹迹象。因此,各级地方政府在减负前,需要破除科层制路径依赖,扎实推进减负政策;减负中,需要赋予基层自主裁量权,提升工作自主性;减负后,需要加强减负政策配套,形成减负长效机制,使中央减负政策落实到位,切实为基层减负。

Path Dependent Historical Development at Turkish Automotive Industry

Turkey’s automotive industry has begun to occur at a much earlier date compared to other developing countries,through licensing agreements to establish automotive industrial facilities,by importing a kind of technology.Attempts have been made in order to produce the domestic automobile road providing sectoral developments could enter another technology pathway.Moreover,the inventor of a very early date in the Fordist production system,such as 1929 by Ford Motor Company with the license agreement,as if he could provide for setting up production facilities in Istanbul’s company,this bad experience has refrained for years from entering as a manufacturer Ford Motor Turkey market.Thus,while Turkey is an attractive market for car production,on the other hand,sufficient improvement over time in the production of trucks and other automotive products,such as buses has not been achieved.The 1929 experience seems to have been effective in terms of Turkey.Because,it was necessary to wait until 1971 for OYAK and TOFAŞto establish automobile assembly facility with license agreements.With the start of production of two automotive industry facilities,there has been a significant increase in sectoral production figures,but this increase trend has not been sufficiently supported by the government through the incentive system and in the late 1970s the production of the automotive industry has declined.For the first time in 1961,efforts were made to produce a completely domestic automobile,although the prototype of the revolutionary car was successfully produced,mass production could not be started.Subsequently,the production of the Anadol automobile for the second time was tried by means of technology transfer from multiple sources and the serial production of this automobile continued for a while.However,since fiber glass bodywork was used instead of hair bodywork and export opportunities could not be found,production was stopped completely in the end of 1980s.In the 1980s,automobile production continued in two assembly plants and product diversification was carried out to increase the production volume.In the 1990s,three new assembly facilities,Honda,Toyota and Hyundai,were established and the number of assembly production facilities in the country increased to five and technology loyalty based on technology imports continued.Until 2014,the automotive industry continued to consist of five automobile assembly plants and other automotive products assembly plants.In 2015,it was announced to the public that a new domestic car prototype was produced.It was announced that the project will start mass production in 2019.However,it was determined that the prototype would be re-manufactured at the end of 2019 by making changes in the project and that it would be possible to start mass production in 2022.Thus,it is understood that the efforts to start mass production since 2015 can be concluded in 2022,i.e.7 years after the first prototype was produced.It can 161produce prototypes in a short period of four months in Turkey in 1961,as evidenced by an indication of the dependency on a long time wasting which is not technology importation pathway,such as five years.How to break the path of devotion demonstrates that it is a difficult job.Path dependency is thought to result from the education system.

Lexicalized Dependency Paths Based Supervised Learning for Relation Extraction

Log-linear models and more recently neural network models used forsupervised relation extraction requires substantial amounts of training data andtime, limiting the portability to new relations and domains. To this end, we propose a training representation based on the dependency paths between entities in adependency tree which we call lexicalized dependency paths (LDPs). We showthat this representation is fast, efficient and transparent. We further propose representations utilizing entity types and its subtypes to refine our model and alleviatethe data sparsity problem. We apply lexicalized dependency paths to supervisedlearning using the ACE corpus and show that it can achieve similar performancelevel to other state-of-the-art methods and even surpass them on severalcategories.

Preliminary research on the transmission path of nssSO_4^(2-) and NO_3^- in Antarctic ice sheet

The main sources of nssSO 2- 4 and NO - 3 were summarized in this paper. By analyzing the spatial distribution features of major ions in Antarctic ice sheet and studying on the different time of the same volcanic event recorded by different ice cores from different regions in Antarctica, this paper intends to study the transmission path of nssSO 2- 4 and NO - 3. Results show that nssSO 2- 4 and NO - 3 are transmitted to the ice sheet through long distance and high altitude. The procedure of the transmission is that nssSO 2- 4 and NO - 3 are transmitted to the level between the top of troposphere and the bottom of stratosphere, then subsided to the ice sheet surface and spread to other regions.

Efficient method for measuring path dependence intensity of options

Based on the value sensitivity of options to underlying and corresponding treaty clauses, this paper poses a measuring method of path dependence intensity, which breaks the setup where the path dependence intensity is only classified roughly and which becomes a deep study on path-dependent options. Then, its feasibility, instructions, and application to compare the path dependence intensity of sorts of options will be discussed.

The Path Dependence of Enterprise Strategic Adjustment and Its Transcendence Analysis

The world today is in a period of great development and integration of economy,information,and technology,especially the high-tech industries represented by big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence.It is promoting the rapid increase of human productivity and leading the changes in various industries.Enterprises are facing more and more uncertain external environments.The previous organizational strategy,personnel structure,and operating strategies have been unable to adapt to the turbulent external environment,and innovation has become the norm.Therefore,how to find an innovative breakthrough point on the original strategic road on which to survive has become a matter of life and death.From the perspective of path dependence theory,this paper analyzes the characteristics of path dependence and transcendence path dependence during the adjustment of corporate strategy,and analyzes the internal causes and mechanisms of its generation with the help of the PEST model.Based on this,the negative impact of path dependence on the adjustment of the strategy was found.Furthermore,it was found above that the degree of transcendence path dependence in corporate strategic adjustment is determined by two factors:its ability to drive independent innovation in a dynamic environment and its ability to transform strategically.Finally,according to the research conclusions,it proposes countermeasures to overcome the path dependence of enterprises when adjusting their strategies,and provides suggestions for companies to find breakthrough points in disruptive innovation.

The Path Dependence of Enterprise Strategic Adjustment and Its Transcendence Analysis

The world today is in a period of great development and integration of economy,information,and technology,especially the high-tech industries represented by big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence.It is promoting the rapid increase of human productivity and leading the changes in various industries.Enterprises are facing more and more uncertain external environments.The previous organizational strategy,personnel structure,and operating strategies have been unable to adapt to the turbulent external environment,and innovation has become the norm.Therefore,how to find an innovative breakthrough point on the original strategic road on which to survive has become a matter of life and death.From the perspective of path dependence theory,this paper analyzes the characteristics of path dependence and transcendence path dependence during the adjustment of corporate strategy,and analyzes the internal causes and mechanisms of its generation with the help of the PEST model.Based on this,the negative impact of path dependence on the adjustment of the strategy was found.Furthermore,it was found above that the degree of transcendence path dependence in corporate strategic adjustment is determined by two factors:its ability to drive independent innovation in a dynamic environment and its ability to transform strategically.Finally,according to the research conclusions,it proposes countermeasures to overcome the path dependence of enterprises when adjusting their strategies,and provides suggestions for companies to find breakthrough points in disruptive innovation.

TD-H2H:时序图上的最短路径查询

道路网络上的最短路径查询是一个已经被广泛研究的基本问题。现有的研究通常将道路网络建模为静态图,查询给定节点间距离最短的路径。然而,道路网络具有时序性,将道路网络建模为时序图更符合实际情况。与静态图相比,时序图的规模更大,结构也更为复杂,增加了时序最短路径的查询难度。时序最短路径是指在给定出发时间下,时序图上源节点和目的节点之间旅行时间最短的路径。因此,时序最短路径的结果受给定出发时间影响,为时序最短路径的查询带来了新的挑战,传统的最短路径算法不适用于时序最短路径的查询。将道路网络建模为时序图,并基于树分解提出了TD-H2H索引,利用该索引可以快速准确地实现时序最短路经查询。首先,研究了时序图上的树分解问题,提出时序树分解算法,将图结构转变为树结构。然后,通过树分解快速确定索引结构,提出了高效的索引构建算法,用以构建TD-H2H索引。最后,基于TD-H2H设计了高效的最短路径查询算法TD-OAI。在4个真实公开的数据集上与现有算法进行了实验,结果表明提出算法的查询效率优于现有算法1~2个数量级,证明了提出算法的有效性和效率。

开展“活”的“藏书楼”研究--对藏书史和图书馆史中若干概念与方法的审思

中国藏书史研究已有百年的积淀,既取得了大量成就,也存在诸多问题,亟需对一些概念和方法进行重审。文章首先揭示“藏书楼”与“图书馆”术语在近现代被双向建构的过程,理清了前者的指涉和层次。其次,反思藏书史、图书馆史既有研究的局限所在,提出应结合“公私”“政教”等传统政治史、文化史中的核心议题以及数字人文的方法,拓展研究视域和呈现方式。最终落脚于让书籍和藏书楼研究“鲜活”起来,借此认识中国文明传承的政治、文化底色及其价值和局限所在。

试点政策执行中的路径依赖--以丽水市扶贫改革试验区政策为例

政策试点是中国政策创新的经验表达,在全面深化改革时期政策试点在探索创新路径、积累改革经验方面发挥着独有的优势。基于对丽水市扶贫改革试验区政策执行过程分析,可以发现试点政策执行表现出明显的路径依赖,通过对既有政策要素的整合,试点政策执行是“试对”结果的不断强化。政策模糊为政策执行中的选择、决策提供了空间,试点政策执行就是顶层规划下地方政府的主动探索,试点政策执行既有可能陷入路径锁定的困局也有可能在渐进改革中进行创新。实现政策创新就要在充分认识政策模糊价值的基础上,进行有效的激励并培养积极的自主意识。

铁路异质性与区域分流——来自1919-2013年山东工业数据的证据

既有研究认为铁路修建对于发展中国家的经济增长发挥推动作用,然而较少考虑政治动荡对铁路影响的异质性。近代山东的铁路由于战略地位不同而面临不同的战争冲突烈度,津浦铁路沿线冲突激烈,而胶济铁路沿线则战争很少,因此提供了考察铁路异质性影响的自然实验。本文采用1919-2013年内多套山东县级工业化数据,通过分析数据发现,在新中国成立之前胶济铁路显著推动了周边各县的工业发展,而津浦铁路并没有起到显著的工业化推动作用。在使用安慰剂检验和工具变量法解决因果关系问题后,铁路的异质性效果仍然显著而稳健。历史形成的工业化先发优势在改革开放后仍然存在,并转化为更高的人力资本,使得胶济铁路沿线非国有工业企业指标持续领先。本文结合发展经济学和量化史方法研究区域分流,支持“历史至关重要”假说,对于解释铁路的异质性影响和区域发展不平衡亦有参考价值。

基于产品空间分析的我国水果产品国际竞争力提升研究

基于路径依赖理论,使用2000—2020年联合国商品贸易数据库的新鲜水果类数据,构建中国水果产品的空间结构图,分析中国水果产品空间的路径依赖表征。研究发现:我国水果产品生产和出口存在明显的路径依赖特征;水果产品生产和出口的既成路径对国际竞争力的提升既有促进作用,又有抑制作用。据此,依托生产要素禀赋,巩固和强化比较优势,创造竞争优势是我国水果产业发展路径的必然选择;优化产业发展环境是提高我国水果产品国际竞争力的重要保障;加强企业管理创新,是提高我国水果产品国际竞争力的重要途径。

构建要素、逻辑序位与路径依赖:农村集体经济从“锁定”到“进阶”实证

农村集体经济是农村集体成员利用集体所有的资源要素开展经济活动的一种经济形态,这意味着最大化资源要素效用是农村集体经济发展的应有之义,是农村与城市一道实现共同富裕的重要途径。文章从经济组织资源要素配置研究文献切题,缕析了农村集体经济发展必备资源要素,并基于案例分析提出打开“黑箱”的逻辑线索,即“开眼”识资源、“格物”纠序位、“优术”明道路“三步进阶”理论假说。同时利用收集的案例数据,依次分析地理区位、制度(政策)、带头人(企业家精神)对农村集体经济发展的作用。结果表明,农村集体经济高质量发展的要素构成中,存在普适性的“地理区位→制度(政策)→带头人(企业家精神)→资本→技术→劳动力→土地”排列逻辑序位,不同序位的资源要素内生经济发展路径依赖。认为坚持最优序位要素本位、依赖精英农民、要素序位纠偏、精准立地最优序位要素引入外部要素是集体经济高质量发展良性路径依赖的四种表现,强化带头人能力提升、建立发展资源县域基础数据库、建立资源要素对接响应及纠偏机制等措施有助于推动农村集体经济高质量发展。

基于专利引文网络挖掘的技术研发路径识别与颠覆性创新信号探测研究

技术创新作为积蓄国家战略科技力量的重要环节,是打造科技强国、推动创新型国家建设的必由之路。在技术创新过程中,厘清技术竞争主体、技术演化路径、技术竞争阶段特征与演进趋势,是寻求技术赶超与创新发展面临的重要问题。本文从技术研发的路径依赖理论与颠覆性创新的技术不连续理论出发,基于专利引文网络分层视角,通过对高持续性知识贡献专利的挖掘,实现技术演化主路径的识别和颠覆性创新信号的探测,并以半导体材料领域为例进行了实证研究和分析。通过对半导体材料领域的技术演化路径的挖掘和颠覆性创新信号的探测,发现了“新型非易失性存储器”“化合物半导体衬底制备”“氮化镓基射频器件”“氮气反应溅射锌靶薄膜半导体材料”“无机半导体材料量子点”等具有较强颠覆性创新信号的半导体材料领域关键技术,同时发现宽禁带半导体材料正带来全球新一代电力电子与光电子技术的颠覆性变革,在此基础上,对半导体材料领域的技术研发路径和研发趋势进行了探讨。从实证研究及其应用效果来看,本文构建的基于专利引文网络挖掘的技术研发路径识别与颠覆性创新信号探测方法具有较强的实用性和领域拓展性,可以为科技界及产业界了解技术领域发展脉络和进行研发战略布局提供有效的情报支撑。

我国社区居家养老服务政策的变迁:历程、逻辑与展望——基于历史制度主义的分析

完善社区居家养老服务政策既是健全基本养老服务体系的内在要求,也是在“好好过日子”文化语境下实现“老有所养”的重要抓手。基于历史制度主义分析发现,我国社区居家养老服务政策经历了初步探索期、逐步成型期、快速发展期、提质增效期的变迁历程。从演变逻辑来看,制度背景催生了社区居家养老服务政策设立,关键节点影响了社区居家养老服务政策变迁,路径依赖驱动了社区居家养老服务政策强化。未来需要通过政策迭代升级,彰显社区居家养老服务作为准公共产品的社会性、公共性与生活性,推动社区居家养老服务高质量发展。

中国共产党党内问责制度的发展脉络与变迁逻辑——基于历史制度主义的分析视角

作为中国共产党管党治党、全面从严治党的重要方式,党内问责制度先后经历了初步发展期、曲折发展期、恢复发展期、全面发展期的百年求索之路。从历史制度主义的视角来看,党内问责制度的变迁是宏观环境、政治变量、关键节点和路径依赖相互作用的结果。制度环境的变化引发了党内问责制度的变迁,从严治党的政策理念等政治变量推动着党内问责制度的完善,关键节点决定了党内问责制度的走向,路径依赖使得党内问责制度不断强化。总体而言,党内问责制度的演变呈现出体系化、法治化的鲜明特征,展现了以坚持党的领导为根本、以抓住“关键少数”为指引、以全覆盖监督为途径的历史经验,是中国共产党党内法规制度体系不断发展完善的缩影。