Building exit as a bottleneck structure is the last and the most congested stage in building evacuation.It is well known that obstacles at the exit affect the evacuation process,but few researchers pay attention to th...Building exit as a bottleneck structure is the last and the most congested stage in building evacuation.It is well known that obstacles at the exit affect the evacuation process,but few researchers pay attention to the effect of stationary pedestrians(the elderly with slow speed,the injured,and the static evacuation guide)as obstacles at the exit on the evacuation process.This paper explores the influence of the presence of a stationary pedestrian as an obstacle at the exit on the evacuation from experiments and simulations.We use a software,Pathfinder,based on the agent-based model to study the effect of ratios of exit width(D)to distance(d)between the static pedestrian and the exit,the asymmetric structure by shifting the static pedestrian upward,and types of obstacles on evacuation.Results show that the evacuation time of scenes with a static pedestrian is longer than that of scenes with an obstacle due to the unexpected hindering effect of the static pedestrian.Different ratios of D/d have different effects on evacuation efficiency.Among the five D/d ratios in this paper,the evacuation efficiency is the largest when d is equal to 0.75D,and the existence of the static pedestrian has a positive impact on evacuation in this condition.The influence of the asymmetric structure of the static pedestrian on evacuation efficiency is affected by D/d.This study can provide a theoretical basis for crowd management and evacuation plan near the exit of complex buildings and facilities.展开更多
目前,高层建筑在高校建筑群中的数量快速增加,但出现了火灾疏散逃生的难题。因此,基于建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)技术和Pathfinder疏散模拟软件对某高校第23栋高层学生公寓楼进行人员疏散模拟,分析该学生公寓在...目前,高层建筑在高校建筑群中的数量快速增加,但出现了火灾疏散逃生的难题。因此,基于建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)技术和Pathfinder疏散模拟软件对某高校第23栋高层学生公寓楼进行人员疏散模拟,分析该学生公寓在应急逃生疏散中存在的安全隐患。从无人为干预下的数值模拟试验结果中得出,该高层学生公寓出口的利用率较低,疏散过程中楼道人员密度大,存在发生二次事故的风险。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52104186,71904006,U1933105,and 72174189)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos.DUT21JC01 and DUT2020TB03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.WK2320000050)。
文摘Building exit as a bottleneck structure is the last and the most congested stage in building evacuation.It is well known that obstacles at the exit affect the evacuation process,but few researchers pay attention to the effect of stationary pedestrians(the elderly with slow speed,the injured,and the static evacuation guide)as obstacles at the exit on the evacuation process.This paper explores the influence of the presence of a stationary pedestrian as an obstacle at the exit on the evacuation from experiments and simulations.We use a software,Pathfinder,based on the agent-based model to study the effect of ratios of exit width(D)to distance(d)between the static pedestrian and the exit,the asymmetric structure by shifting the static pedestrian upward,and types of obstacles on evacuation.Results show that the evacuation time of scenes with a static pedestrian is longer than that of scenes with an obstacle due to the unexpected hindering effect of the static pedestrian.Different ratios of D/d have different effects on evacuation efficiency.Among the five D/d ratios in this paper,the evacuation efficiency is the largest when d is equal to 0.75D,and the existence of the static pedestrian has a positive impact on evacuation in this condition.The influence of the asymmetric structure of the static pedestrian on evacuation efficiency is affected by D/d.This study can provide a theoretical basis for crowd management and evacuation plan near the exit of complex buildings and facilities.
文摘目前,高层建筑在高校建筑群中的数量快速增加,但出现了火灾疏散逃生的难题。因此,基于建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)技术和Pathfinder疏散模拟软件对某高校第23栋高层学生公寓楼进行人员疏散模拟,分析该学生公寓在应急逃生疏散中存在的安全隐患。从无人为干预下的数值模拟试验结果中得出,该高层学生公寓出口的利用率较低,疏散过程中楼道人员密度大,存在发生二次事故的风险。
