Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer(CRC),although the overall incidence of IBD-associated CRC has been diminishing in recent decades in western countries...Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer(CRC),although the overall incidence of IBD-associated CRC has been diminishing in recent decades in western countries.As demonstrated in previous studies,the risk of CRC in IBD increases with longer duration,extent of colitis,a familial history of CRC,coexistent primary sclerosing cholangitis,and the degree of inflammation.The pathogenesis of CRC in IBD is poorly understood.Similar to sporadic CRC,IBD-associated CRC is a consequence of sequential episodes of genomic alteration.Multiple inter-related pathways,including immune response by mucosal inflammatory mediators,oxidative stress,and intestinal microbiota,are also involved the pathogenesis of IBD-associated CRC.Continuing colonic inflammation appears to be a factor in the development of CRC;therefore,anti-inflammatory agents such as5-aminosalicylate compounds and immune modulators have been considered as potential chemopreventive agents.Colonoscopic surveillance is widely accepted as being effective in reducing the risk of IBD-associated CRC,although no clear evidence has confirmed that surveillance colonoscopy prolongs survival in patients with extensive colitis.The traditional recommendation has been quadrantic random biopsies throughout the entire colon;however,several guidelines now have endorsed chromoendoscopy with a target biopsy because of increasing diagnostic yields and reduced workloads for endoscopists and pathologists.New technologies such as narrow band imaging,confocal endomicroscopy,and autofluorescence imaging have not yet been confirmed as surveillance strategies in IBD.展开更多
AIM: To ascertain pathologic stage as a prognostic indicator for rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy(PCRT).METHODS: Patients with mid- and low rectal carcinoma(magnetic resonance imaging- b...AIM: To ascertain pathologic stage as a prognostic indicator for rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy(PCRT).METHODS: Patients with mid- and low rectal carcinoma(magnetic resonance imaging- based clinical stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ) between 2000 and 2009 and treated with curative radical resection were identified. Patients were divided into two groups: PCRT and No-PCRT. Recurrence-free survival(RFS) was examined according to pathologic stage and addition of adjuvant treatment.RESULTS: Overall, 894 patients were identified. Of these, 500 patients received PCRT. Adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered to 81.5% of the No-PCRT and 94.8% of the PCRT patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 29.4% of the patients in the No PCRT group. The 5-year RFS for the No-PCRT group was 92.6% for StageⅠ, 83.3% for Stage Ⅱ, and 72.9% for Stage Ⅲ. The 5-year RFS for the PCRT group was 95.2% for yp Stage 0, 91.7% for yp StageⅠ, 73.9% for yp Stage Ⅱ, and 50.7% for yp Stage Ⅲ.CONCLUSION: Pathologic stage can predict prognosis in PCRT patients. Five-year RFS is significantly lower among PCRT patients than No-PCRT patients in pathologic stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ. These results should be taken into account when considering adjuvant treatment for patients treated with PCRT.展开更多
Objective: To explore the change of pathology and the clinical response rate treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with MVP regimen for non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: This is a randomized study in patients with st...Objective: To explore the change of pathology and the clinical response rate treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with MVP regimen for non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: This is a randomized study in patients with stage I-lIIa. Among them, 46 patients enrolled in neoadjuvant chemotherapy treated by 1-2 course MVP regimen. MMC was given 6 mg/M2 by intravenous (I.V.) infusion on day1, VDS 2.5-3 mg/M2 I.V. on day1, 8 and/or day15, DDP 90 mg/M2 I.V. on day1. The treatment was recycled every 28 days. The clinical RR evaluated with WHO criteria. All surgical samples were classified with pathology. Results: The overall response rate in 2 courses chemotherapy is better than that in 1 course (P<0.01). The number of patient with pathology grade I-II in 2 course chemotherapy is higher than that in 1 course (P<0.01). But the RR can not completely translated into pathology grade I-II. The pathology grade I-II is closely related with tumor involvement (T) (P<0.01) but not closely related with regional lymph node metastasis (N). It is reasonable to use RR together with PCR to judge the chemotherapy response. NR patients can not be regard as chemotherapy failure. No serve toxicities and surgical mortality were observed. Conclusion: MVP regimen is an effective neoadjuvant treatment regimen for I-IIIa NSCLC.展开更多
Aristotle’s famous theory on rhetoric(Logos,Pathos,Ethos,)is a cornerstone in public speech.The paper would focus on Ethos and its implement in rhetoric devices in public speech.It would make an analysis on Michelle ...Aristotle’s famous theory on rhetoric(Logos,Pathos,Ethos,)is a cornerstone in public speech.The paper would focus on Ethos and its implement in rhetoric devices in public speech.It would make an analysis on Michelle Obama’s farewell speech at the White House on its rhetorical applications in lexis,syntax,phonetics and gestures.From the paper,the readers can obtain some experiences for appreciating public speeches and the teachers can find more effective ways in composition teaching of public speech.展开更多
Diabetic macular edema(DME) is an important cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of DME can be described as a process whereby hyperglycaemia leads to overlapping and inter-relat...Diabetic macular edema(DME) is an important cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of DME can be described as a process whereby hyperglycaemia leads to overlapping and inter-related pathways that play a role not only in the initial vascular events, but also in the events that cause the edema to become chronic. On a macrocellular level, DME is believed to be in part caused by alterations in hydrostatic and oncotic pressures and shear stress. Angiogenic factor expression, inflammation and oxidative stress constitute the key components of microvascular pathways. The interactions, signalling events and feedback loops between the various molecules are complicated and are not completely understood. These molecular mediators, acting in conjunction with macrocellular factors, which are all stimulated in part by the hyperglycaemia and hypoxia, can have a direct endothelial effect leading to hyperpermeability, disruption of vascular endothelial cell junctions, and leukostasis. Macular edema is thought to be caused as a result of these consequences.展开更多
文摘Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer(CRC),although the overall incidence of IBD-associated CRC has been diminishing in recent decades in western countries.As demonstrated in previous studies,the risk of CRC in IBD increases with longer duration,extent of colitis,a familial history of CRC,coexistent primary sclerosing cholangitis,and the degree of inflammation.The pathogenesis of CRC in IBD is poorly understood.Similar to sporadic CRC,IBD-associated CRC is a consequence of sequential episodes of genomic alteration.Multiple inter-related pathways,including immune response by mucosal inflammatory mediators,oxidative stress,and intestinal microbiota,are also involved the pathogenesis of IBD-associated CRC.Continuing colonic inflammation appears to be a factor in the development of CRC;therefore,anti-inflammatory agents such as5-aminosalicylate compounds and immune modulators have been considered as potential chemopreventive agents.Colonoscopic surveillance is widely accepted as being effective in reducing the risk of IBD-associated CRC,although no clear evidence has confirmed that surveillance colonoscopy prolongs survival in patients with extensive colitis.The traditional recommendation has been quadrantic random biopsies throughout the entire colon;however,several guidelines now have endorsed chromoendoscopy with a target biopsy because of increasing diagnostic yields and reduced workloads for endoscopists and pathologists.New technologies such as narrow band imaging,confocal endomicroscopy,and autofluorescence imaging have not yet been confirmed as surveillance strategies in IBD.
文摘AIM: To ascertain pathologic stage as a prognostic indicator for rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy(PCRT).METHODS: Patients with mid- and low rectal carcinoma(magnetic resonance imaging- based clinical stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ) between 2000 and 2009 and treated with curative radical resection were identified. Patients were divided into two groups: PCRT and No-PCRT. Recurrence-free survival(RFS) was examined according to pathologic stage and addition of adjuvant treatment.RESULTS: Overall, 894 patients were identified. Of these, 500 patients received PCRT. Adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered to 81.5% of the No-PCRT and 94.8% of the PCRT patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 29.4% of the patients in the No PCRT group. The 5-year RFS for the No-PCRT group was 92.6% for StageⅠ, 83.3% for Stage Ⅱ, and 72.9% for Stage Ⅲ. The 5-year RFS for the PCRT group was 95.2% for yp Stage 0, 91.7% for yp StageⅠ, 73.9% for yp Stage Ⅱ, and 50.7% for yp Stage Ⅲ.CONCLUSION: Pathologic stage can predict prognosis in PCRT patients. Five-year RFS is significantly lower among PCRT patients than No-PCRT patients in pathologic stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ. These results should be taken into account when considering adjuvant treatment for patients treated with PCRT.
文摘Objective: To explore the change of pathology and the clinical response rate treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with MVP regimen for non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: This is a randomized study in patients with stage I-lIIa. Among them, 46 patients enrolled in neoadjuvant chemotherapy treated by 1-2 course MVP regimen. MMC was given 6 mg/M2 by intravenous (I.V.) infusion on day1, VDS 2.5-3 mg/M2 I.V. on day1, 8 and/or day15, DDP 90 mg/M2 I.V. on day1. The treatment was recycled every 28 days. The clinical RR evaluated with WHO criteria. All surgical samples were classified with pathology. Results: The overall response rate in 2 courses chemotherapy is better than that in 1 course (P<0.01). The number of patient with pathology grade I-II in 2 course chemotherapy is higher than that in 1 course (P<0.01). But the RR can not completely translated into pathology grade I-II. The pathology grade I-II is closely related with tumor involvement (T) (P<0.01) but not closely related with regional lymph node metastasis (N). It is reasonable to use RR together with PCR to judge the chemotherapy response. NR patients can not be regard as chemotherapy failure. No serve toxicities and surgical mortality were observed. Conclusion: MVP regimen is an effective neoadjuvant treatment regimen for I-IIIa NSCLC.
基金Project structure event schema and verb potential semantic two-level interaction researchThe humanities and social sciences research youth fund project in 2017 of ministry of education approval(Number:17YJC740130).
文摘Aristotle’s famous theory on rhetoric(Logos,Pathos,Ethos,)is a cornerstone in public speech.The paper would focus on Ethos and its implement in rhetoric devices in public speech.It would make an analysis on Michelle Obama’s farewell speech at the White House on its rhetorical applications in lexis,syntax,phonetics and gestures.From the paper,the readers can obtain some experiences for appreciating public speeches and the teachers can find more effective ways in composition teaching of public speech.
文摘Diabetic macular edema(DME) is an important cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of DME can be described as a process whereby hyperglycaemia leads to overlapping and inter-related pathways that play a role not only in the initial vascular events, but also in the events that cause the edema to become chronic. On a macrocellular level, DME is believed to be in part caused by alterations in hydrostatic and oncotic pressures and shear stress. Angiogenic factor expression, inflammation and oxidative stress constitute the key components of microvascular pathways. The interactions, signalling events and feedback loops between the various molecules are complicated and are not completely understood. These molecular mediators, acting in conjunction with macrocellular factors, which are all stimulated in part by the hyperglycaemia and hypoxia, can have a direct endothelial effect leading to hyperpermeability, disruption of vascular endothelial cell junctions, and leukostasis. Macular edema is thought to be caused as a result of these consequences.
