Economic reform, open-door policy and changes in spatial development patterns in China

The study profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's spatial development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening two decades ago. Principal component analysis is used to delineate spatial patterns. The analyses show that prior to the reform China's spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast, as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities. Northern provinces were generally more industrialized and economically powerful than the southern ones. After two decades of reform, regional development has become multi-centered with South China, the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country. The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China's economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout. The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. The north-south disparity also still exists but there has been a role reversal with the south now in the lead position. Virtually all inland provinces now find themselves at or near the low end of the development spectrum. We argue that the major reason for the recent shifts in Chinese space economy is the spatially differentiated economic growth resulted from the reform and open door policy and from the new, uneven development strategy adopted by the Chinese government. The paper discusses four specific factors that have reshaped China's spatial development patterns.

The influence of selective cutting of mixed Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.) and broad-leaf forest on rare species distribution patterns and spatial correlation in Northeast China

This study aimed to demonstrate change in spatial correlation between Korean pine （Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.） and three rare species, and change in spatial distribution of four species in response to a range of selective cutting intensities. We sampled three plots of mixed Korean pine and broad-leaf forest in Lushuihe Forestry Bureau of Jilin province, China. Plot 1, a control, was unlogged Korean pine broad-leaf forest. In plots 2 and 3, Korean pine was selectively cut at 15 and 30 % intensity, respectively, in the 1970s. Other species were rarely cut. We used point-pattern analysis to research the spatial distributions of four tree species and quantify spatial correlations between Korean pine and the other three species, Amur linden （Tilia amurensis Rupr.）, Manchurian ash （Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.）, and Mongolian oak （Quercus mongolica Fisch.） in all three plots. The results of the study show that selective cutting at 15 % intensity did not significantly change either the species spatial patterns or the spatial correlation between Korean pine and broadleaf species. Selective cutting at 30 % intensity slightly affected the growth of Korean pine and valuable species in forest communities, and the effect was considered nondestructive and recoverable.

Expression Pattern and Target Gene of bbu-miR-103-1 in Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis) at Lactation and Non-lactation Periods

[ Objectivel The paper aimed to investigate the expression pattern of bbu-miR-103-1 in buffalo （Bubalus bubalis） at lactation and non-lactation periods, and to predict its target gene and function. [ Method] Expression pattern of bbu-miR-103-1 at lactation and non-lactation periods were detected by qRT-PCR. The precursor expression plasmid of bbu-miR-103-1 was constructed and named LpEZX-pre-miR-103-1. It was packaged and propagated to produce high-titer lenti- virus in 293T cell lines, which could be used to infect buffalo mammary epithelial cells （BMECs） and over express bbu-miR-103-1. The inhibitor of bbu-miR- 103-1 was chemically synthesized and transfected into BMECs to suppress bbu-miR-103-1 at the same time. The relative expression of pantothenate kinase 3 （ PANK3 ） and milk fat metabolism related genes were detected by qRT-PCR. [ Result] The relative expression of bbu-miR-103-1 at lactation period was 5.29 times higher than that at non-lactation period in buffalo （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The LpEZX-pre-miR-103-1 had been successfully constructed and packaged with the infection titer of 3.47×10^6 PFU/mL. Overexpress or suppress of bbu-miR-103-1 extremely down-regulated or up-regulated the expression level of PANK3 in BMECs （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Over expression of bbu-miR-103~l extremely enhanced the expression of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha（ACACA）, Glycerol-3-phosphate acyhransferase 1 mitochon- drial （GPAM）, Diacylglycerol Oacyhransferase l （DGAT1） and Pyrnvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 （PDK4） （P 〈0.01 ）, and also significantly up-regulated the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 c （SREBPI c）, Adipose differentiation-related protein （ADFP）, Cluster of differentiation 36 （ CD36）, Acetyl-CoA synthetase short-chain subfamily member 1 （ACSS1） （P 〈0.05）. Over expression of bbu-miR-103-1 down-regulated the expression of PANK3, and improved the mRNA level of SREBPlc by feedback regulation, finally promoting the de novo synthesis of fatty acid beginning with ACACA. [ Conclusion] bbu-miR-103-1 plays an important role in enhancing milk fatty acid synthesis, which provides a molecular base for revealing formation and regulatory mechanism of high-level milk fat in buffalo.

Experiments on Development of Channel Pattern in the Process of River Reformation

The changing of flow conditions caused by construction of hydro-projects will result in river's refor- mation and development of channel pattern.In this paper,the development of channel pattern in the process of reformation is studied by means of flume experiments.Influence of slope,grain size,angle-of-inflow,dis- charge and discharge process are comprehensively analyzed according to the experimental data.It was found that the channel would be widened as the river slope or discharge increased and grain s...

Environmental Problems and Reform of Consumption Patterns

With the continuous improvement of population and people’s living standard,traditional consumption pattern at the cost of great consumption of resources and energy brought more serious damages to environment and development,and became the core of constant deterioration of environmental problems in present world.Therefore,the reform from current traditional consumption pattern to environment-friendly consumption pattern beneficial to sustainable development has become the important theoretical and practical subject at present.The relationship between environmental problems and consumption problems was analyzed firstly,and then the characteristics and disadvantages of traditional consumption pattern were discussed,finally the necessity and ways of constructing environment-friendly consumption pattern were put forward,so as to provide theoretical foundation for the reform of current traditional consumption pattern.

Cyclical Patterns of China’s Reform and Their Implications for the New Era

After taking stock of China's four-decade reforms, this paper identifies the cyclical patterns of China's reforms, which consist of an intermediate cycle and three short cycles. The purpose of reform is to adjust the changing relations of production to changing productivity. China has adopted a gradualist approach of reform, and reform cycles have coincided with economic cycles. The cyclical changes of reform are of great significance to comprehensively deepening reforms in the new era: Downward pressures of the economy present the best window period for reform;a new cycle of reform will unveil a new economic cycle as well;the people's support is essential to pushing forward the cyclical movements of reform;and top-down design is essential to deepen reforms on all fronts.

Computer-aided Pattern Design of Multi-bar Warp Knitted Fabrics

To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics.In terms of the special propertiesof the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics,the Object Oriented Program(OOP)programming-Object Windows class Library(OWL)programming is selected.According to thecharacters of the OWL programming,various functionsare defined.Pattern design and technical parameters canbe output,which offers a great convenience for the fac-tory.

Study On Pattern Design of Men's Tailored-suit Sleeve

Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, crown angle, under sleeve curve’s diagonal line length, crown ease and its distribution rule, this paper mainly deals with the sleeve pattern design of tailored - suit for Chinese men. The influences of these factors are discussed and furthermore, some qualitative, quantifiable conclusions are drawn to design perfect pattern of men’ s tailored - suit sleeve.

Economic Reform and Changes in Regional Development Patterns of China

<Abstract>The thesis profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's regional development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening three decades ago.The analysis show that prior to the reform China's spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast,as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities.After three decades of reform,regional development has become multi-centered with South China,the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country.The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China's economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout.The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. And especially in the latest ten years,the economic map continue changing,some provinces rose up quickly,while some declined rapidly.The paper discusses main specific factors that have reshaped China's spatial development patterns.

以学生为中心的食品酶学课程多维教学模式探析

以学生为中心的教学方式是引导学生全面发展、培养顺应时代需求的新工科人才的重要教学改革方向。该文针对食品酶学课程传统教学中存在的问题与教学要求,从知识构筑维度、课堂教学维度、课后提升维度和创新突破维度进行教学模式的探索与应用,实现对学生基础理论知识与创新实践能力的引导与培养,从课程教学方面为培养食品领域新工科人才提供助力。

为何与何为:新发展阶段民生服务领域供给侧结构性改革

在新发展阶段,无论是为应对复杂不确定的国内外发展环境而构建以国内大循环为主体的新发展格局,还是积极应对日益严峻的少子老龄化形势,都需要充分发掘民生服务的基础性、战略性作用。民生领域出现的“难”“贵”“烦”等社会问题,正是民生服务有效供给不足、作用尚未充分发挥的集中反映。强调依靠改革的办法促进供给灵活适应需求的供给侧结构性改革,是破解民生服务有效供给不足难题的有效途径。为此,必须直面重点民生服务领域存在的突出问题,积极践行以人民为中心的发展思想,深化供给侧结构性改革,加快建设包容性制度体系与政策生态,采取包容审慎性监管体制与方式,有效调动各类主体的积极性,全面推进不同性质与类型的民生服务包容性发展与治理。

文创产业园集聚驱动模式形成与转型中政府的作用--以杭州市上城区为例

当前,我国的文创产业进入了一个新的发展时期,文创产业能否追赶发达国家,从而真正成为国民经济的支柱性产业,如何从政府主导集聚驱动发展转型为市场集聚驱动发展,是当前我国地方政府遇到的一个新的重大问题。杭州市上城区在这两个方面都取得了很大的成效,特别是从由政府主导集聚驱动的山南园区模式到由市场集聚驱动的凤凰山园区模式的发展历程,促使政府发生角色转型,进而充分发挥市场的作用,为在文化、创意、硬件、软件、金融等要素的跨界合作与融合上实现新的发展,积累了较好的经验,开出了一条发展文创产业的新路子,具有借鉴意义。

英国A-level考试制度:实践模式、发展困境及改革路向

A-Level证书考试的实施是英国证书型大学入学考试制度确立的标志,既是英国教育的"黄金标准",亦是诸多英语授课大学招收新生的入学准则。英国自1951年实施A-level考试制度以来历经多次变革形成了较为完备的考试体系。然而,随着实践的深入,英国A-level入学考试逐步陷入应试的泥潭,严重影响其社会认可度和选拔功能的发挥,没能为中学生向大学过渡做好充足准备。因此,英国政府借改革契机调整考纲要求、转变评价机制、变更考试结构,为A-level入学考试制度发展寻找改良路径。英国A-level考试制度在转变培养模式、增强甄选效能、助力高大衔接方面所做的努力对我国高考制度改革的反观与思考不无裨益。

以综合能力培养为目标的本科模式识别课程改革与探索

针对传统以单一教材结合PPT讲授为主的授课方式对模式识别课程表现不足的问题,文章主要从课程教学设计、教学资源建立以及课程考核机制三个方面进行课程改革与探索,通过理论与实践相结合的教学方式培养学生的学习能力、实践能力和创新能力。

基-萨改革国际奥委会管理模式的实质

基拉宁、萨马兰奇改革了国际奥委会一直奉行的贵族化的管理模式,采用了现代社会的专家管理和民主化的管理模式,表现在指导思想上废除了不合实际的业余主义的思想;在政治改革上开始秉承体育和政治密切相关的观点,坚持和各国家、地区的合作与对话,加强与国际组织的协商与合作;在经济改革上加强与媒体的了解和合作,采用市场化的方式开发奥林匹克运动;在道德建设方面,加强奥林匹克教育建设,坚决反对使用兴奋剂;同时关注运动员的权利和妇女权利;在组织变革方面,增设相应的专门委员会和管理部门,提高管理效率。管理模式的变革体现了主客观相统一的认识规律;折射了国际奥委会开始用动态的思维方式管理着奥林匹克运动;改革还适应了国际社会需要公共空间进行交流和合作的要求;最重要的是体现了国际奥委会开始运用民主、科学等现代体育的管理方式管理着现代奥林匹克运动。

情境-体验理念运用于旅游管理专业教学模式探讨

从情境-体验理念的角度谈旅游管理专业教育教学改革,是教育教学改革的一个新视角。旅游管理专业正处于蓬勃发展的时期,针对学科发展与学生学习体会中出现的问题,提出旅游管理专业教学应创设情境,深化专业理论知识与实践体验环节的结合,以学生对旅游情境-体验的主客体认知为基础。旅游管理专业课程设置应拓宽视野、教学过程重视师生情境-体验互动,并建立学校与企业间灵活的反馈机制,以提高旅游管理专业的教育教学质量。

宏观经济政策对公益卫生机构发展的决定性作用--对中美卫生投入渠道比较的思考

通过对中美卫生投入渠道的比较,全面系统地解读中美卫生公益机构经济运营模式,反思我国医药卫生体制改革中的"瓶颈"问题,探究宏观经济政策在医疗机构深化改革和公益卫生机构发展中的决定性作用,以期在我国卫生事业发展中作出进一步的有益探索。

俄罗斯与中国社会经济体系改革进程与模式比较研究--以俄中住房体系改革为视角

住房体系改革作为整体经济与社会制度变迁的一个组成部分,不仅对住房模式带来巨大的影响,同时还影响到一个国家的经济发展与社会问题的形成。仅就对经济的短期贡献而言,中国的住房体系改革成就无疑是引人瞩目的,而俄罗斯住房体系改革并未给经济增长带来额外的贡献。但从改革生成的结果现状,特别是已经形成的住房体系模式而言,中国住房体系改革结果的后期修正代价已经显现且成本巨大。在已经成熟的市场经济体系的未来制度改革设计方面,俄罗斯住房体系的制度变迁也许可以给我们提供一些思考的路径。

大型石化工程企业“113”制度改革管理新模式

为贯彻落实国有企业“三项制度改革”,国有石化工程企业运用系统思维将制度改革的规划、组织、过程和资源等要素进行整体设计,形成结构化的改革体系,在企业内部建立深层次的改革机制。现已形成了“113”制度改革管理新模式,即1条改革思路,促进目标、需求和价值相契合;1种改革方法,促进精准评价;3项改革措施,通过转手段,以开源节流提升经济效益;转机制,以契约清单赋能员工;转流程,以奖励干事激发员工活力。“113”新模式有利于破除体制机制障碍,加强价值创造能力,提升企业经济效益,助力企业转型发展。

CD99核旁点状阳性:诊断胰腺实性-假乳头状肿瘤的一种独特的染色模式

Guo Y,Yuan F,Deng H,et al.Paranuclear dot-like immu-nostaining for CD99：a unique staining pattern for diagnosingsolid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.Am J SurgPathol,2011,35（6）：799-806.胰腺实性-假乳头状肿瘤是一种组织发生尚未确定的罕见肿瘤,特征性的表现为假乳头状结构伴囊性和实性生长方式。