Actual Costs of Uneconomic Growth of Marine Fisheries in China’s Pearl River Delta

As traditional economic theory is mainly based on neoliberal principles, whose failure is to ignore the ecological component in value assessment methods, it assumes that continuous economic growth exists with high level of employment and low inflation rate. Many ecological economists have criticized the blind pursuit of short-term economic interests in the last 30 years for leading to loss of natural capital and ecosystem services. This study demonstrates the concept of?“uneconomic growth”?by measuring the actual costs of fishing activities and fishery policy implemented in China’s Pearl River Estuary from economic, social, and ecological aspects. The results show that the costs of economic growth exceed the benefits of additional growth because of the limits of the ecosystem. The ecological system of the Pearl River Estuary has been degraded significantly by overfishing and is regarded to be under non-optimal conditions regarding both ecological and socio-economic objectives.

A Closure Study of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth Factor during the 2006 Pearl River Delta Campaign

Measurements of aerosol physical, chemical and optical parameters were carried out in Guangzhou, China from 1 July to 31 July 2006 during the Pearl River Delta Campaign. The dry aerosol scattering coefficient was measured using an integrating nephelometer and the aerosol scattering coefficient for wet conditions was determined by subtracting the sum of the aerosol absorption coefficient, gas scattering coefficient and gas absorption coefficient from the atmospheric extinction coefficient. Following this, the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor, f（RH）, was calculated as the ratio of wet and dry aerosol scattering coefficients. Measurements of size-resolved chemical composition, relative humidity （RH）, and published functional relationships between particle chemical composition and water uptake were likewise used to find the aerosol scattering coe？cients in wet and dry conditions using Mie theory for internally- or externally-mixed particle species [（NH_4）_2SO_4, NH_4NO_3, NaCl, POM, EC and residue]. Closure was obtained by comparing the measured f（RH） values from the nephelometer and other in situ optical instruments with those computed from chemical composition and thermodynamics. Results show that the model can represent the observed f（RH） and is appropriate for use as a component in other higher-order models.

Regional Geochemical Characteristics and Influence Factors of Soil Elements in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Pearl River Delta Economic?Zone of China. Based on multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, regional eco-geochemical assessment, local eco-geochemical assessment and comprehensive appraisal, the eco-geochemical survey and assessment in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone of 41,698 km2?were completed. Samples from soils were collected in accordance with the two-layer grid method. Totally 54 elements and indicators for soils were determined. Compared to deep soils, the sampled surface soils are enriched in OrgC, N, P, Cd, S,Hg, Ag, B, Au, S and poor with As, Ni, I, Co, Cr, V, MgO, Sc, Al2O3, Fe2O3?etc. The characteristics of geochemical reference value of element in soil that inherited soil parent material and regional elements combined features reflected that the elements enriched in the soil was interrelated with acid rock, sandstone and shale. The spatial distribution characteristics of element regional geochemistry were conditional by regional environmental geological conditions,and effected by human activities. The Pearl River Delta plain is a typical geochemical landscape area with regional anomaly of multiple-elements. The north, western and eastern parts of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone are quite different in geochemical features due to regional geological background, soil parent materials, geomorphic characteristics and human activities. Environment quality evaluation results show that the grade I and grade II soil accounted for 19.9% and 57.3% of the total area. Many samples that widely distributed in the economic developed of Pearl River Delta Plain area reached the third-grade of national soil environment standard. The soil enriched in Cd, Hg, As, and the area ratio accounting for 22.8% of the total area. It is mainly controlled by the geochemical background, the Pearl River Delta formation evolution process, especially the marine transgression process lead to Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb enrichment in Pearl River Delta plain. At the same time, under the influence of higher pressure of human activities, all kinds of exogenous input material carrying heavy metal pollutants on soil environmental quality also could not to ignore.

Distributional characteristics and sources of elements in soil from typical area of Pearl River Delta economic zone, Guangdong Province, China

Dongguan City, located in the Pearl River Delta economic zone of China, is famous for its rapid developing township-enterprises in the past 30 years. A total of 759 composite soil samples, including 606 surface soil samples and 153 deep soil samples, have been collected in the city. These samples have been analyzed for 13elements(Al, As, Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si,and Zn) and other parameters(p H values and organic matter) to evaluate the influence of anthropic activities on the soil environmental quality and to identify the spatial distribution of heavy metals and their possible sources. The results indicate that the average concentrations of heavy metals in soil were significantly lower than the threshold of the second grade of the Soil Environment Quality Standard in China(GB15618-1995) and the soil environmental quality in this area is comparatively good. But in comparison with local soil geochemical baseline values, As,Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn have accumulated remarkably.Specifically, the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Hg in the small part samples of the west plain and central areas are higher than the national second-grade quality standard, indicating some level of contamination. Multivariate and geostatistical methods have been applied to differentiate the influences of natural processes and human activities on the concentration of heavy metals in surface soils in the study area. Cluster and factor analyses result in the grouping of Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Si into factor F1; Co, Mn, Pb, and Zn into F2; and Cd and Hg into F3.The spatial pattern of the three factors may be well demonstrated by geostatistical analysis. It is shown that the first factor could be considered as a natural source controlled by parent material. The second factor could be referred to as ‘‘industrial and traffic pollution sources' '. The source of the third factor is mainly controlled by long-term anthropic activities, including agricultural activities, fossil fuel consumption, and atmospheric deposition.

Annual Fluxes of Heavy Metal Elements in Atmospheric Dry and Wet Depositions in the Pearl River Delta Economic Region, Guangdong Province

There are 158 sampling points to be set up in the Pearl River delta economic region. The collecting period is mostly one year, namely, from July 2007 to July 2008. The eight heavy metal elements of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg, and Cd in 474 dry and wet deposition samples were tested in terms of the standard procedures. Their average annual fluxes have no obvious difference between dry deposition and wet deposition. So these elements might be at an equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium state between dry deposition and wet deposition.

Urbanization Effect of Highways in the Pearl River Delta

Based on TM images,ArcGIS and landscape ecology,4 typical roads in the Pearl River Delta are taken for example to analyze infl uence range of highway,and study the laws of highway construction infl uencing landscape patterns by reviewing landscape pattern changes in areas along the highways. According to the research,for Yuebei Section(north Guangdong) of Beijing–Zhuhai Highway,road construction has signifi cant infl uence on landscape patterns of the 300-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and urban land); for Foshan–Kaiping Highway,road construction has significant influence on landscape patterns of the 1,000-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and agricultural land); for Dongguan–Shenzhen Highway,road construction has signifi cant infl uence on landscape patterns of the 8,000-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and urban land).

Experimental Analysis on Allometric Growth in Spualiobarbus curriculus Larvae and Juveniles in Zhaoqing Reach of the Pearl River

Ecological experiment was conducted in this paper to study the allometric growth in Squaliobarbus curriculus larvae and juveniles from Zhaoqing Reach of the Pearl River. The results showed that after first feeding, the organs associated to swimming, feeling and feeding of larvae differentiated rapidly, and exhibited allometric growth. The head length, tail length and head height exhibited positive allometric growth, while trunk length exhibited negative allometric growth before reaching the growth inflexion point 20 d after first feeding, and positive allometric growth after the inflection point. Body height exhibited positive allometric growth both before and after the growth inflexion point at 18 d after first feeding. The inflexion points of snout length, eye diameter and post-eye head length occurred 23, 19 and 16 d after first feeding. For swimming organs, the dorsal fin, pelvic fins and anal fin exhibited positive allometric growth both before and after the inflexion point at 18, 19 and 17 d after first feeding; but the tail fin exhibited positive allometric growth before the inflexion point at 14 d after first feeding, and negative allometric growth after the inflexion point. S. curriculus larvae can possess various abilities soon after first feeding to survive at early stage due to the rapid development of swimming, feeling, feeding and other organs, which has important ecological significance to adapt to the complex external environment.

Spatial Structure and Land Use Control in Extended Metropolitan Region of Zhujiang River Delta,China

The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is one of the most developed Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMR) in China.With the rapid urbanization,the agglomeration of population and industries has emerged,which has led to dramatic changes of spatial structure and land use in this region.With data of high resolution TM remote sensing images and Google Earth maps,this paper identified and analyzed the spatial pattern of the Zhujiang River Delta EMR using Envy and ArcGIS tools.It was found that 1) the industrial land uses were expanding substantially,particularly on the bank sides of the Zhujiang River estuary;2) large-scale housing developments were concentrated in the fringe of metropolitan areas such as those of Guangzhou and Shenzhen;3) a regional transportation network with the spatial pattern of ″1 circle +2 pieces + 3 axes″ had significantly affected the location choice of manufacture enterprises.At the same time,both highly specialized land use and severely mixed land use patterns were identified.As a consequence of the latter,land use efficiency of the whole EMR areas was reduced.Moreover,ecologic and environmental problems were severe.Based on the above analysis,suggestions were given from the viewpoint of spatial safety,land use efficiency,and the reorganization of spatial structure in the Zhujiang River Delta EMR.

The Middle-aged and Knowledge Workers: Demographic and Economic Changes in the Pearl River Delta, China

Demographic and economic development can be seen as two sides of one coin in the process of regional development.This article deals with how economic and demographic changes influence the settlement structure and development of the Pearl River Delta(PRD)and lead to regionalization processes within the large agglomerations.The aim of the study was to understand the interrelation between the three aspects:economic change,demographic change and change of spatial structures.Based on population age and occupational data,spatial changes in demographic structure and economic activities from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed.It was found that the demographic and economic change reflected changing spatial patterns between the urban centers and the hinterland in the PRD.Two processes were apparent during the studied period in the hinterlands and the high-density areas of the PRD.On one hand,the hinterlands in the PRD attracted more manufacturing activities,while the inner high-density areas experienced a decrease in manufacturing,associated with an increase in young labor in regions where workplaces that only required limited education expanded.On the other hand,specialization in knowledge-intensive business services increased in the inner high-density areas,which also saw an increased share in the older population.This finding suggests that increasing knowledge-intensive work correlates with higher age structures due to the longer formal education required and also the benefits knowledge workers accrue through experience and gained knowledge over time.Therefore,based on a transformation process,we tentatively conclude that the populations in high-density areas in the PRD became more middle-aged and were represented by more knowledge workers.

The Strength of Belief:Empirical Research on the Influence of Religion on Economy―An Analysis Based on the Panel Data of Yangtze River Delta Region in China

In recent years,research on economic growth and development has paid more and more attention to the long-term influence of factors,like history and culture on productivity and national economy.It is very meaningful to study the role of religion in economic development as religion can affect value preference,human capital,and professional ethics.This paper uses the panel data of 25 cities in Yangtze River Delta region of China in 11 years(from 2004 to 2014)to study the influence of religious belief on economic growth.Research result shows that religion plays a positive role in promoting economic growth on the whole.In different religions,Christianity has a significant influence on economic growth.The conclusion is consistent in different regressions and has robustness.However,empirical research on other religions cannot come to a consistent and robust conclusion.Considering that China's research is rate in this field,this paper provides a new perspective as an exploratory research.

Regional Economic Growth and Spillover Effects:An Analysis of China's Pan Pearl River Delta Area

The Pan Pearl River Delta （PPRD） Regional Co-operation Framework Agreement was signed in 2004. It aims to bring prosperity through partnership among nine Chinese Mainland provinces and China ＂s two special administrative regions. In this paper, we use a dynamic panel data model to examine the economic growth of the PPRD economies from 1985 to 2009. Our analysis confirms the existence of regional growth spillover effects in the PPRD area. Our results also show that economic growth spillover effects of non-PPRD regions on the PPRD regions are greater than those among the PPRD members themselves. These findings imply that economic integration between Chinese provinces has generated considerable spillover effects on regional growth. However, the anticipated benefits of the implementation of the PPRD agreement have not been realized thus far. Therefore, greater effort shouM be made to promote further economic integration among these members so that their local economies can benefit from the positive spillover effects.

Long-term trends of fine particulate matter and chemical composition in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）, China

Understanding essential for formulating the trends in PM2.5 levels is clean air plans. This paper analyzes PM2.5 data from various published sources for the years 2000 to 2010 in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）. The long-term variation in PM2.5 mass concentration is analyzed. Results show that PM2.5, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, and SO24 show a similar trend, increasing before 2005 and then decreasing slightly. The annual average PM2.5 concentra- tion ranges from 49.1 μg·m-3 in 2000 to 64.3 μg·m-3 in 2010, with a peak of 84.1 μg· m3 in 2004. None of these 11 years meets the new National Ambient Air Quality standard （NAAQS） for PM2.5 （35 μg· m-3）. Overall average concentrations of OC, EC, and SO2/4 are 13.0, 6.5, and 11.8μg·m-3, respectively. NO3 and NH＋ respectively have concentrations of 1.5 μg·m-3 and 2.9 μg·m-3 in 2000 and 6.4 μg·m 3 and 5.3μg·m-3 in 2010, with a statistically significant average annual trend of＋ 0.2 μg·m-3 ·yr-1 and ＋ 0.1 μg· m-3. yr-1. In certain geographic regions, OC and EC contribute most of the PM2.5, while in other regions secondary water-soluble ions are more important. In general, OC and SO2/4- are the dominant components of PM2.5, contributing 20.6% and 18.6%, respectively. These results provide, for the first time, a better understanding of the long-term PM2.5 characteristics and trends, on a species-by-species basis, in the PRDEZ. The results indicate that PM2.5 abatement needs to prioritize secondary species.

基于企业组织关系的珠三角城市群数字经济关联格局研究

运用连锁网络模型和社会网络分析法,基于数字经济上市企业总部-分支机构数据构建网络,分析2005—2020年珠三角城市群数字经济关联格局。结果显示:1) 2005—2020年珠三角城市群数字经济上市企业数量增长迅猛,企业跨城市联系增强,深圳、广州是数字经济发展的引擎和关联网络的控制中心。2)城市群整体关联结构从2005年的广-珠-深及连线城市组成的单三角形转变为2020年的广-佛-深和广-珠-深及连线城市组成的双三角形,网络密度提升,不对称性减弱,由单区域中心向多区域中心转变。3)分行业看,数字经济发展的行业间差距明显,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业的网络联系最强,金融业最弱,制造业居中,深圳、广州双核心地位凸显,肇庆、江门位于网络边缘。4)推动城市群数字经济持续健康发展,需进一步增强城市间数字经济合作,更好地发挥核心城市的辐射带动作用,完善边缘城市的数字经济发展政策和基础设施;在细分行业上统筹规划行业布局,促进各行业均衡发展,形成数字经济发展合力。

珠三角城市群建设用地开发强度时空格局演化及影响因素分析

建设用地开发强度作为区域城市现代化水平的综合反映及衡量指标,进行其时空变化的测度及影响因素的分析对国土空间合理优化管控具有重要作用;虽然相关研究日益丰富完善,但研究尺度多以城市为单位,方法层面多利用地理加权回归模型进行要素空间异质性的探究。本文以珠三角城市群为研究区域,构建建设用地开发强度模型体系,计算2010~2020年珠三角各县(区)建设用地开发强度指数,通过空间自相关分析、普通最小二乘法与多尺度地理加权回归对开发强度空间特征以及各影响因素的时空格局演化进行探究。结果表明:①2010~2020年珠三角城市群建设用地开发强度总体呈增长态势,空间差异显著;高强度区主要集中于广州市、深圳市等中心地区,低强度区主要集中于肇庆市、江门市等周围地区;②珠三角建设用地开发强度正向空间集聚效益显著,冷热点空间分布格局与对应开发强度数值空间分布格局基本一致;③固定资产投资、地方财政支出及社会消费品零售总额是影响珠三角建设用地开发强度时空异质性的主导因素,三者均为社会经济影响要素,在各县区中影响程度存在差异性与不稳定性。

长三角地区推进共同富裕对经济韧性的影响

百年未有之大变局下,韧性是实现经济高质量发展和平稳运行的关键。与此同时,共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要目标,区域推进共同富裕对其经济韧性的影响尚待论证。基于2013—2020年长三角地区40个地级以上城市的面板数据,在定量测度共同富裕与经济韧性水平的基础上,分析其时空格局演变特征,并借助空间面板杜宾模型探究共同富裕对经济韧性的影响效应。结果表明:①时序层面,长三角地区共同富裕和经济韧性水平总体呈现上升趋势,且上升趋势逐渐趋同;②空间层面,长三角地区共同富裕和经济韧性水平空间分布格局较为稳定,整体上分别呈现出“东南高、西北低”和“以上海、杭州、南京、苏州四市为中心向外围扩散”的空间分异特征,同时在演进过程中表现出高值市域优势锁定的现象;③影响效应上,随着长三角地区共同富裕的有效推进,不仅对本地经济韧性具有显著正向促进作用,而且对邻近城市的经济韧性呈现显著的正向溢出效应。

长三角港城协调水平对城市经济增长影响的空间效应研究

基于2011-2020年长三角地区33个地级市的面板数据,采用耦合协调模型对长三角港城协调水平进行测度,在此基础上建立空间杜宾模型实证探究港城协调水平对城市经济增长影响的空间效应。结果表明:长三角地区静态港城协调水平整体不高,动态协调水平逐年优化,港城协调水平存在空间差异;港城协调水平与城市经济增长具有显著的空间相关性,存在空间聚集的趋势;港城协调水平对城市经济增长的影响存在显著的空间溢出效应,且间接效应大于直接效应。建议通过统一布局港城建设、加强区域联动分工提高港城协调水平;发挥高协调港城的空间溢出效应带动长三角整体区域经济增长,实现长三角一体化高质量发展。

经济一体化对韶关市经济转型发展的实证研究

韶关市地处粤北欠发达地区,通过积极融入泛珠三角经济一体化来促进自身发展。本文利用韶关市相关数据,对重要经济指标及其增长率进行了统计分析,并对粤北和广东省进行了对比研究。结果表明,得益于经济一体化战略,韶关市的经济从绝对数来看取得了长足发展,但从增长率来看发展则相对滞后。这说明经济一体化对欠发达城市具有双重效应,也给政府在政策设计和协同方面带来更大的挑战。

企业异地投资视角下长三角城市经济增长的网络外部性研究

基于企业异地投资数据构建2003—2018年全球、全国及区域3个空间尺度的长三角城市网络,利用空间面板计量模型从分尺度、分时段、分区域等角度分析城市网络对城市经济增长的影响,揭示长三角存在的城市网络外部性特征。结果表明:(1)长三角各尺度城市网络均在持续扩张,且呈现典型的核心-边缘结构特征。(2)各尺度城市网络对城市经济增长均产生积极的影响,但影响程度呈现出全球>全国>区域的尺度差异。(3)随着时间的推移,嵌入全国和区域城市网络所带来的经济效益逐渐超过全球城市网络的影响,这从城市网络的角度证实了长三角地区转向内循环为主,既是现实表现,也是必然选择。(4)城市网络外部性存在明显的区域异质性,位于核心区域的城市在网络中获益较多,但城市网络对位于外围区域的城市影响逐渐增强。(5)与集聚外部性相比,网络外部性的重要性越来越突出,城市发展愈发依赖于建立和维持与其他城市之间联系的能力。

长三角低碳技术创新合作对绿色经济增长的影响

在碳达峰、碳中和目标下,低碳技术创新合作是优化低碳技术资源配置效率、缩小区域技术差距和实现绿色经济增长的关键途径。作者将联合研发、技术转移两种低碳技术创新合作方式纳入同一模型,分析低碳技术创新合作对绿色经济增长的作用机制;并基于空间计量模型,利用长三角地区2005—2019年低碳技术专利数据及面板数据进行实证检验。研究发现:①长三角低碳技术创新合作网络发育程度总体较低,联合研发网络呈现等级层次性,联合研发主要产生于高能级城市间,而技术转移在跨创新能级城市间相对更多;欠发达城市借助技术转移网络融入联合研发网络,是提升低碳技术创新能力、实现绿色经济增长的有效途径。②长三角低碳技术创新合作促进了绿色经济增长,但其作用效应呈现出复杂性和异质性,低碳技术联合研发更有助于促进知识内化与利用,其绿色经济增长效应高于技术转移。③长三角低碳技术创新合作促进绿色经济增长具有空间溢出效应,本地低碳技术创新合作对周边绿色经济增长具有正向作用,区域一体化是构建低碳技术创新合作网络的有效载体。④长三角低碳技术创新合作促进绿色经济增长具有区域环境依赖性,政府规制、经济水平、人口密度等对其具有显著的积极影响。作者提出以下政策:构建多层次、成体系的长三角低碳技术创新网络体系,积极支持长三角跨区域低碳技术联合研发与转移转化,合理选择低碳技术创新合作模式,积极完善长三角低碳技术创新合作生态系统等。

珠三角城市群用水量与经济增长的脱钩状态及其驱动因素研究

减轻经济增长对水资源消耗的依赖,对实现城市的可持续发展至关重要。以珠江三角洲城市群为研究对象,从整体和城市两个维度分析其水资源负载状况,采用Tapio脱钩模型分析2009-2019年经济增长与用水量的脱钩时空变化特征,并基于LMDI分解法探究影响因素的驱动效应。结果表明:研究期内珠三角城市群水资源负载较高,除肇庆、惠州、江门3市外,其他6市水资源负载等级均达到Ⅴ级;珠三角城市群强、弱脱钩状态占比为98.9%,部分城市则呈现强、弱脱钩交替状态;技术效应、产业结构、节水能力是珠三角城市群脱钩的主要驱动因素,单位水资源效益、人口规模则抑制了脱钩。本研究可为减少城市经济增长对水资源的依赖、实现区域可持续发展提供参考。