Study on Plant Landscaping Methods in Garden Landscape Construction

Garden landscape is a beautiful complex formed by space and time complementing each other and acting together.Garden plants are the core landscaping elements in garden landscape construction.It is necessary to flexibly use a variety of plant landscaping methods to create a richer and more vivid natural landscape,and promote the improvement of the quality of the living environment and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Laboratory Study on Stormwater Runoff Treatment via Sand-Based Micron-scale Pore Pervious Paver

Stormwater runoff samples from a road in China were collected and analyzed for pH,TSS(total suspended solid),TDS(total dissolved solid),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,Cd,and Mn.Results showed that the pollutant concentrations from road runoff were relatively high.TSS and COD concentrations exceeded the Class B effluent requirement of the Chinese Standards of Pollutant Discharge from municipal WWTPs(wastewater treatment plants).COD,TP,and TN concentrations exceeded Class V of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water.TSS,Zn,Fe,and Al concentrations exceeded the USEPA(U.S.Environmental Protection Agency)benchmark values.All these indicated proper runoff treatment to avoid negative impacts on the environment is needed.Metal partitioning analysis was conducted and it showed that Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Mn exist mostly in particulate forms in the runoff.Thus,gravitational settlement and filtration can still be cost-effective methods for removing most of these metals.Runoff samples were treated through two bench-scale laboratory set-ups,composed of micron-scale pore pervious paver systems and subsoil.The average removal rates of TSS,TP,and TN were 95.2%,81.8%,64.1%,and 64.4%,respectively.The removal rates of Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%.The tested sand-based pervious paver has micron-scale pores with good filtration potential.The system can effectively reduce stormwater runoff pollution,thereby reducing the potential for groundwater pollution.In addition,residues and sediments collected from the surfaces of the pervious pavers were also tested.The metallic constituents in the residues and sediments were correlated to these in the runoff.Pb and Cr were low in the residues,but Zn exceeded the Class A limit of the Chinese Control Standard of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Applications.Thus,proper disposal of the solid wastes generated from the pavers is also to be further investigated.

Goncrete block pavements in urban and local roads:Analysis of stress-strain condition and proposal for a catalogue

Although the construction of block pavements has grown fast in the last decades,there is still a need for simple tools that could be applied to design them.This paper analyzed and verified concrete block pavements for urban and local roads composed of rectangular concrete pavers with plane side surfaces(no interlocking effect).The examined blocks were laid on a bedding sand layer,a cement treated base layer and a granular unbound foundation layer.The commercial finite element(FE)software ANSYS?was used to calculate the response of the pavement when subjected to different loading,construction configurations.Three wheel positions,five blocks patterns,three bedding sand thicknesses and joints gaps have been considered to evaluate stress-strain condition on pavement materials.Fatigue and rutting verification was performed respectively for bound and unbound pavement materials using analytical curves available in the literature.At the end of this study,a proposal for a catalogue is presented.It has nine pavement sets,because it takes into account three values of subgrade capacity(30,90,and 150 MPa of resilient modulus)and three levels of traffic(400,000,1,500,000,and 4,000,000 passages of commercial vehicles during the service life).The obtained results provide an inexpensive procedure for the preliminary design of concrete block pavements.

Monitoring permeable paver runoff with an open-innovation geospatial sensor network

Sensor networks are an essential tool for environmental scientists.As scientists and engineers are beginning to utilize these new methods and devices in their fieldwork,they need to be actively involved in the future of sensor-networking development.Continued sensor network innovation is important for improved standardization,affordability,and interoperability.This article uses a storm water case study to outline an end-to-end open-innovation sensor network.Open innovation by scientists,engineers,and entities is the collaborative process of creating value for this project in permeable paver runoff data and advances within sensor networking.This article focuses on the technical implementation of the near–real-time location and temporally aware sensor network.Data are streamed in near–real-time with subliter precision to the cloud using common off-the-shelf routers.The sensors use Maxim’s 1-wire™protocol,and the unique digital serial numbers confirm the data.The data retrieved compare residence times within the permeable paver catchment basins and the control basin.Sensor network advances are made by bridging the gap between sensor protocols and communication systems.These advances enable the development of open-source representational state transfer web services.Our successful implementation serves as an example for others to study and expand upon for a variety of monitoring solutions.