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Modeling an emissions peak in China around 2030: Synergies or trade-offs between economy, energy and climate security 被引量:28
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作者 CHAI Qi-Min XU Hua-Qing 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE 2014年第4期169-180,共12页
China has achieved a political consensus around the need to transform the path of economic growth toward one that lowers carbon intensity and ultimately leads to reductions in carbon emissions, but there remain differ... China has achieved a political consensus around the need to transform the path of economic growth toward one that lowers carbon intensity and ultimately leads to reductions in carbon emissions, but there remain different views on pathways that could achieve such a transformation. The essential question is whether radical or incremental reforms are required in the coming decades. This study explores relevant pathways in China beyond 2020, particularly modeling the major target choices of carbon emission peaking in China around 2030 as China-US Joint Announcement by an integrated assessment model for climate change IAMC based on carbon factor theory. Here scenarios DGS-2020, LGS2025, LBS-2030 and DBS-2040 derived from the historical pathways of developed countries are developed to access the comprehensive impacts on the economy, energy and climate security for the greener development in China. The findings suggest that the period of 2025--2030 is the window of opportunity to achieve a peak in carbon emissions at a level below 12 Gt CO2 and 8.5 t per capita by reasonable trade-offs from economy growth, annually -0.2% in average and cumulatively -3% deviation to BAU in 2030. The oil and natural gas import dependence will exceed 70% and 45% respectively while the non-fossil energy and electricity share will rise to above 20% and 45%. Meantime, the electrification level in end use sectors will increase substantially and the electricity energy ratio approaching 50%, the labor and capital productivity should be double in improvements and the carbon intensity drop by 65% by 2030 compared to the 2005 level, and the cumulative emission reductions are estimated to be more than 20 Gt CO2 in 2015-2030. 展开更多
关键词 Emission peaking Energy cap Integrated assessment
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Estimate of China's energy carbon emissions peak and analysis on electric power carbon emissions 被引量:7
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作者 WANG Zhi-Xuan ZHANG Jing-Jie +2 位作者 PAN Li YANG Fan SHI Li-Na 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE 2014年第4期181-188,共8页
China's energy carbon emissions are projected to peak in 2030 with approximately 110% of its 2020 level under the following conditions: 1) China's gross primary energy consumption is 5 Gtce in 2020 and 6 Gtce in 2... China's energy carbon emissions are projected to peak in 2030 with approximately 110% of its 2020 level under the following conditions: 1) China's gross primary energy consumption is 5 Gtce in 2020 and 6 Gtce in 2030; 2) coal's share of the energy consumption is 61% in 2020 and 55% in 2030; 3) non-fossil energy's share increases from 15% in 2020 to 20% in 2030; 4) through 2030, China's GDP grows at an average annual rate of 6%; 5) the annual energy consumption elasticity coefficient is 0.30 in average; and 6) the annual growth rate of energy consumption steadily reduces to within 1%. China's electricity generating capacity would be 1,990 GW, with 8,600 TW h of power generation output in 2020. Of that output 66% would be from coal, 5% from gas, and 29% from non-fossil energy. By 2030, electricity generating capacity would reach 3,170 GW with 11,900 TW h of power generation output. Of that output, 56% would be from coal, 6% from gas, and 37% from non-fossil energy. From 2020 to 2030, CO2 emissions from electric power would relatively fall by 0.2 Gt due to lower coal consumption, and rela- tively fall by nearly 0.3 Gt with the installation of more coal-fired cogeneration units. During 2020--2030, the portion of carbon emissions from electric power in China's energy consumption is projected to increase by 3.4 percentage points. Although the carbon emissions from electric power would keep increasing to 118% of the 2020 level in 2030, the electric power industry would continue to play a decisive role in achieving the goal of increase in non-fossil energy use. This study proposes countermeasures and recommendations to control carbon emissions peak, including energy system optimization, green-coal-fired electricity generation, and demand side management. 展开更多
关键词 Energy consumption Growth rate Carbon emissions peak Electric power development
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Analysis of CO_2 emissions peak:China's objective and strategy 被引量:3
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作者 Jiankun He 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2014年第3期189-198,共10页
Establishing positive and urgent targets for CO_2 reduction and emission peak,and promoting energy conservation and energy structure adjustment are among the strategies to address global climate change and CO_2 emissi... Establishing positive and urgent targets for CO_2 reduction and emission peak,and promoting energy conservation and energy structure adjustment are among the strategies to address global climate change and CO_2 emissions reduction.They are also means to break through the constraints of domestic resources and environment,and internal needs,to achieve sustainable development.Generally speaking,a country's CO_2 emission peak appears after achieving urbanization and industrialization.By then,connotative economic growth will appear,GDP will grow slowly,energy consumption elasticity will decrease,and energy consumption growth will slow down-dependent mainly on new and renewable energies.Fossil fuel consumption will not increase further.When CO_2 emission reaches its peak,the annual reduction rate of CO_2 intensity of GDP is greater than GDP annual growth rate;and the annual reduction rate of CO_2 intensity of energy use is greater than the annual growth rate of energy consumption.Therefore,three important approaches to promotion of CO_2 emission peak can be concluded:maintaining reasonable control of GDP growth,strengthening energy conservation to significantly reduce the GDP energy intensity,and optimizing the energy mix to reduce the CO_2 intensity of energy use.By around 2030,China will basically have completed its rapid development phase of industrialization and urbanization.Connotative economic growth will appear with the acceleration of industrial structure adjustment The target of GDP energy intensity will still be to maintain an average annual reduction of 3%or higher.The proportion of non-fossil fuels will reach 20-25%,and the aim will be to maintain an average annual growth rate of 6-8%.The total annual energy demand growth of 1.5%will be satisfied by the newly increased supply of non-fossil fuels.The annual decline in CO_2 intensity of GDP will reach 4.5%or higher,which is compatible with an average annual GDP growth rate of approximately 4.5%in order to reach CO_2 emission peak.This corresponds to the level of China's potential economic growth.Achieving CO_2 emission peak will not impose a rigid constraint on economic development,but rather promote economic development and accelerate the transformation of green,low-carbon development.The CO_2 emission peak can be controlled with a cap of 11 billion tons,which means that CO_2 emission will increase by less than 50%compared with 2010.The per capita emission peak will be controlled at a level of less than 8 tons,which is lower than the 9.5 tons in the EU and Japan and much lower than the 20 tons in the US,future economic and social development faces many uncertainties in achieving the CO_2 emission peak discussed above.It depends on current and future strategies and policies,as well as the pace and strength of economic transformation,innovation,and new energy technologies.If the economic transformation pattern fails to meet expectations,the time required to reach CO_2emission peak would be delayed and the peak level would be higher than expected.Therefore,we need to coordinate thoughts and ideas and deploy these in advance;to highlight the strategic position of low-carbon development and its priorities;to enact mid-to long-term energy development strategies;and to establish and improve a system of laws,regulations,and policies as well as an implementation mechanism for green,low-carbon development Oriented by positive and urgent CO_2 reduction and peak targets,the government would form a reversed mechanism to promote economic transformation and embark on the path of green,low-carbon development as soon as possible. 展开更多
关键词 CO_2 emission peak addressing climate change energy strategies low-carbon development
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Estimate of Peaks of Carbon Emissions and Pricing of Carbon Emission Permit in China 被引量:1
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作者 Chang Chunhua 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2015年第11期35-38,共4页
With the aid of Matlab software, the peaks of China's carbon emissions and their appearing time in three situations were simulated, and the shallow price of carbon emission permit and its effects on China's economic... With the aid of Matlab software, the peaks of China's carbon emissions and their appearing time in three situations were simulated, and the shallow price of carbon emission permit and its effects on China's economic growth were analyzed. The results show that it is most effective and feasible to reduce energy consumption per GDP by 25%, and the peak of China's carbon emissions will appear in 2017. As a result, energy conser- vation and emission reduction is realized, and China's international talk power about carbon emission will improved. However, the shallow price and permit rate of carbon emission permit calculated in the situation are the lowest, and the adverse impact of the initial price of carbon emissions on China's economic growth is the largest. Therefore, consideration should be given to both the promotion of pricing and trading of carbon emission permit to reduction of carbon emissions and their adverse effects on GDP in China. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon emission permit peak of carbon emissions Shallow price Regression analysis China
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An analysis of China's CO_2 emission peaking target and pathways 被引量:15
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作者 HE Jian-Kun 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE 2014年第4期155-161,共7页
China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching targe... China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for China's resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that China's potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and China's total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%--1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%-8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in China's total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDE To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon deve!opment transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system. 展开更多
关键词 CO2 emission peak Energy revolution Climate change China's carbon emission mitigation target
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The economic impact of emission peaking control policies and China's sustainable development 被引量:7
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作者 WANG Yi ZOU Le-Le 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE 2014年第4期162-168,共7页
To achieve the goals of national sustainable development, the peaking control of CO2 emissions is pivotal, as well as other pollutants. In this paper, we build a Chinese inter-regional CGE model and simulate 13 polici... To achieve the goals of national sustainable development, the peaking control of CO2 emissions is pivotal, as well as other pollutants. In this paper, we build a Chinese inter-regional CGE model and simulate 13 policies and their combinations. By analyzing the energy consumptions, coal consumptions, relating emissions and their impacts on GDP, we found that with the structure adjustment policy, the proportion of coal in primary fossil fuels in 2030 will decrease from 53% to 48% and CO2 emissions will decrease by 11.3%-22.8% compared to the baseline scenario. With the energy intensity reduction policy, CO2 emissions will decrease by 33.3% in 2030 and 47.8% in 2050 than baseline scenario. Other pollutants will also be controlled as synergetic effects. In this study we also find that although the earlier the peaking time the better for emission amounts control, the economic costs can not be ignored. The GDP will decrease by 2.96%-8.23% under different scenarios. Therefore, integrated policy solutions are needed for realizing the peaks package and more targeted measures are required to achieve the peaks of other pollutants earlier. 展开更多
关键词 CO2 emission peak PM2.5 Policy scenario Economic impacts Synergetic effects
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An Empirical Study on China's Energy Supply-and-Demand Model Considering Carbon Emission Peak Constraints in 2030 被引量:14
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作者 Jinhang Chen 《Engineering》 SCIE EI 2017年第4期512-517,共6页
China's energy supply-and-demand model and two related carbon emission scenarios, including a planned peak scenario and an advanced peak scenario, are designed taking into consideration China's economic development,... China's energy supply-and-demand model and two related carbon emission scenarios, including a planned peak scenario and an advanced peak scenario, are designed taking into consideration China's economic development, technological progress, policies, resources, environmental capacity, and other factors. The analysis of the defined scenarios provides the following conclusions: Primary energy and power demand will continue to grow leading up to 2030, and the growth rate of power demand will be much higher than that of primary energy demand. Moreover, low carbonization will be a basic feature of energy supply-and-demand structural changes, and non-fossil energy will replace oil as the second largest energy source. Finally, energy- related carbon emissions could peak in 2025 through the application of more efficient energy consumption patterns and more low-carbon energy supply modes. The push toward decarbonization of the power industry is essential for reducing the peak value of carbon emissions. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon emission peak Energy supply and dem and Model Scenario
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A review of research on China's carbon emission peak and its forcing mechanism 被引量:1
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作者 Feng Wang Fang Yang 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2018年第1期49-58,共10页
In order to make further steps in dealing with climate change, China proposed to peak carbon dioxide emissions by about 2030 and to make best efforts for the peaking early. The carbon emission peak target(CEPT) must r... In order to make further steps in dealing with climate change, China proposed to peak carbon dioxide emissions by about 2030 and to make best efforts for the peaking early. The carbon emission peak target(CEPT) must result in a forcing mechanism on China's economic transition. This paper, by following the logical order from "research on carbon emission history" to "carbon emission trend prediction," from "research on paths of realizing peak" to "peak restraint research," provides a general review of current status and development trend of researches on China's carbon emission and its peak value. Furthermore,this paper also reviews the basic theories and specific cases of the forcing mechanism.Based on the existing achievements and development trends in this field, the following research directions that can be further expanded are put forward. First, from the perspective of long-term strategy of sustainable development, we should analyze and construct the forcing mechanism of CEPT in a reverse thinking way. Second, economic transition paths under the forcing mechanism should be systematically studied. Third, by constructing a large-scale policy evaluation model, the emission reduction performance and economic impact of a series of policy measures adopted during the transition process should be quantitatively evaluated. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon emissions peak forcing mechanism climate change trend prediction
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Change trend of natural gas hydrates in permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(1960-2050)under the background of global warming and their impacts on carbon emissions
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作者 Zhen-quan Lu Chu-guo Wu +5 位作者 Neng-you Wu Hai-long Lu Ting Wang Rui Xiao Hui Liu Xin-he Wu 《China Geology》 CAS 2022年第3期475-509,共35页
Global warming and the response to it have become a topic of concern in today’s society and are also a research focus in the global scientific community.As the world’s third pole,the global warming amplifier,and the... Global warming and the response to it have become a topic of concern in today’s society and are also a research focus in the global scientific community.As the world’s third pole,the global warming amplifier,and the starting region of China’s climate change,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is extremely sensitive to climate change.The permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is rich in natural gas hydrates(NGHs)resources.Under the background of global warming,whether the NGHs will be disassociated and enter the atmosphere as the air temperature rises has become a major concern of both the public and the scientific community.Given this,this study reviewed the trend of global warming and accordingly summarized the characteristics of the temperature increase in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on this as well as the distribution characteristics of the NGHs in the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this study investigated the changes in the response of the NGHs to global warming,aiming to clarify the impacts of global warming on the NGHs in the permafrost of the plateau.A noticeable response to global warming has been observed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Over the past decades,the increase in the mean annual air temperature of the plateau was increasingly high and more recently.Specifically,the mean annual air temperature of the plateau changed at a rate of approximately 0.308-0.420℃/10a and increased by approximately 1.54-2.10℃in the past decades.Moreover,the annual mean ground temperature of the shallow permafrost on the plateau increased by approximately 1.155-1.575℃and the permafrost area decreased by approximately 0.34×10^(6)km^(2) from about 1.4×10^(6)km^(2) to 1.06×10^(6)km^(2) in the past decades.As indicated by simulated calculation results,the thickness of the NGH-bearing permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has decreased by 29-39 m in the past 50 years,with the equivalent of(1.69-2.27)×10^(10)-(1.12-1.51)×10^(12)m^(3) of methane(CH_(4))being released due to NGHs dissociation.It is predicted that the thickness of the NGH-bearing permafrost will decrease by 23 m and 27 m,and dissociated and released NGHs will be the equivalent of(1.34-88.8)×10^(10)m^(3) and(1.57-104)×10^(10)m^(3)of CH_(4),respectively by 2030 and 2050.Considering the positive feedback mechanism of NGHs on global warming and the fact that CH_(4) has a higher greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide,the NGHs in the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will emit more CH_(4) into the atmosphere,which is an important trend of NGHs under the background of global warming.Therefore,the NGHs are destructive as a time bomb and may lead to a waste of efforts that mankind has made in carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality.Accordingly,this study suggests that human beings should make more efforts to conduct the exploration and exploitation of the NGHs in the permafrost of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,accelerate research on the techniques and equipment for NGHs extraction,storage,and transportation,and exploit the permafrost-associated NGHs while thawing them.The purpose is to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere and mitigate the atmospheric greenhouse effect,thus contributing to the global goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change Global warming PERMAFROST Gas hydrate Greenhouse effect Carbon emission peak carbon dioxide emissions Carbon neutrality Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environment geological survey engineering China
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Research on Carbon Reduction Strategy of China’s Industrial Chain with the Goal of Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality
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作者 Xiaorong Wang 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2022年第5期52-59,共8页
In order to achieve the development goals of emission peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060,carbon reduction measures should be implemented in the whole industrial chain.Based on the existing research,the basic l... In order to achieve the development goals of emission peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060,carbon reduction measures should be implemented in the whole industrial chain.Based on the existing research,the basic logic of carbon reduction in the industrial chain is analyzed,and then the specific strategies for carbon reduction in the industrial chain are proposed,including:reducing the use of fossil energy and vigorously developing the new energy industry;reducing carbon through energy conservation,industrial upgrading,development of circular economy,and application of carbon capture technology;reducing carbon through low-carbon transformation of logistics industry,innovation of trading methods,and promotion of low-carbon green consumption.The external guarantee system for carbon reduction includes the introduction of relevant policies,laws and regulations,and the use of carbon emission trading mechanism. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality Industrial chain Carbon emission reduction Carbon emission rights
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Progress, challenge and significance of building a carbon industry system in the context of carbon neutrality strategy 被引量:3
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作者 ZOU Caineng WU Songtao +7 位作者 YANG Zhi PAN Songqi WANG Guofeng JIANG Xiaohua GUAN Modi YU Cong YU Zhichao SHEN Yue 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 2023年第1期210-228,共19页
Carbon dioxide storage and utilization has become an inevitable trend and choice for sustainable development under the background of global climate change and carbon neutrality.Carbon industry which is dominated by CO... Carbon dioxide storage and utilization has become an inevitable trend and choice for sustainable development under the background of global climate change and carbon neutrality.Carbon industry which is dominated by CO_(2) capture,utilization and storage/CO_(2) capture and storage(CCUS/CCS)is becoming a new strategic industry under the goal of carbon neutrality.The sustainable development of carbon industry needs to learn from the experiences of global oil and gas industry development.There are three types of“carbon”in the earth system.Black carbon is the CO_(2) that has not been sequestered or used and remains in the atmosphere for a long time;grey carbon is the CO_(2) that has been fixed or permanently sequestered in the geological body,and blue carbon is the CO_(2) that could be converted into products for human use through biological,physical,chemical and other ways.The carbon industry system covers carbon generation,carbon capture,carbon transportation,carbon utilization,carbon sequestration,carbon products,carbon finance,and other businesses.It is a revolutionary industrial field to completely eliminate“black carbon”.The development of carbon industry technical system takes carbon emission reduction,zero carbon,negative carbon and carbon economy as the connotation,and the construction of a low-cost and energy-efficient carbon industry system based on CCUS/CCS are strategic measures to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and clean energy utilization globally.This will promote the“four 80%s”transformation of China's energy supply,namely,to 2060,the percentage of zero-carbon new energy in the energy consumption will be over 80%and the CO_(2) emission will be decreased by 80%to ensure the carbon emission reduction of total 80×10^(8) t from the percentage of carbon-based fossil energy in the energy consumption of over 80%,and the percentage of CO_(2) emission from energy of over 80%in 2021.The carbon industry in China is facing three challenges,large CO_(2) emissions,high percentage of coal in energy consumption,and poor innovative system.Three strategic measures are proposed accordingly,including:(1)unswervingly develop carbon industrial system and ensure the achievement of carbon neutrality as scheduled by 2060;(2)vigorously develop new energy sources and promote a revolutionary transformation of China’s energy production and consumption structure;(3)accelerate the establishment of scientific and technological innovation system of the whole CO_(2) industry.It is of great significance for continuously optimization of ecological environment and construction of green earth and ecological earth to develop the carbon industry system,utilize clean energy,and achieve the strategic goal of global carbon neutrality. 展开更多
关键词 carbon industry system carbon neutrality carbon sequestration green earth carbon footprint carbon trade peak carbon dioxide emission dual carbon target
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Recycling Carbon Resources from Waste PET to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission:Carbonization Technology Review and Perspective 被引量:1
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作者 Xing Zhou Qi Wang +6 位作者 Sai Feng Jingrui Deng Keming Zhu Yun Xing Xiaolian Meng Xiaojun Wang Lu Li 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 SCIE EI 2023年第5期2085-2108,共24页
Greenhouse gas emissions from waste plastics have caused global warming all over the world,which has been a central threat to the ecological environment for humans,flora and fauna.Among waste plastics,waste polyethyle... Greenhouse gas emissions from waste plastics have caused global warming all over the world,which has been a central threat to the ecological environment for humans,flora and fauna.Among waste plastics,waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET)is attractive due to its excellent stability and degradation-resistant.Therefore,merging China’s carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals would be beneficial.In this review,we summarize the current state-of-the-art of carbon emission decrease from a multi-scale perspective technologically.We suggest that the carbon peak for waste PET can be achieved by employing the closed-loop supply chain,including recycling,biomass utilization,carbon capture and utilization.Waste PET can be a valuable and renewable resource in the whole life cycle.Undoubtedly,all kinds of PET plastics can be ultimately converted into CO_(2),which can also be feedstock for various kinds of chemical products,including ethyl alcohol,formic acid,soda ash,PU,starch and so on.As a result,the closed-loop supply chain can help the PET plastics industry drastically reduce its carbon footprint. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon peak emission PET plastic RECYCLING waste management
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Decarbonization options of the iron and steelmaking industry based on a three-dimensional analysis 被引量:1
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作者 Xin Lu Weijian Tian +3 位作者 Hui Li Xinjian Li Kui Quan Hao Bai 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第2期388-400,共13页
Decarbonization is a critical issue for peaking CO_(2) emissions of energy-intensive industries,such as the iron and steel industry.The decarbonization options of China’s ironmaking and steelmaking sector were discus... Decarbonization is a critical issue for peaking CO_(2) emissions of energy-intensive industries,such as the iron and steel industry.The decarbonization options of China’s ironmaking and steelmaking sector were discussed based on a systematic three-dimensional low-carbon analysis from the aspects of resource utilization(Y),energy utilization(Q),and energy cleanliness which is evaluated by a process general emission factor(PGEF)on all the related processes,including the current blast furnace(BF)-basic oxygen furnace(BOF)integrated process and the specific sub-processes,as well as the electric arc furnace(EAF)process,typical direct reduction(DR)process,and smelting reduction(SR)process.The study indicates that the three-dimensional aspects,particularly the energy structure,should be comprehensively considered to quantitatively evaluate the decarbonization road map based on novel technologies or processes.Promoting scrap utilization(improvement of Y)and the substitution of carbon-based energy(improvement of PGEF)in particular is critical.In terms of process scale,promoting the development of the scrap-based EAF or DR-EAF process is highly encouraged because of their lower PGEF.The three-dimensional method is expected to extend to other processes or industries,such as the cement production and thermal electricity generation industries. 展开更多
关键词 peak CO_(2)emission low carbon management decarbonization option energy-intensity industry ironmaking and steelmaking
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Security in gas discharge while unsealing a closed stope
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作者 LI Zong-xiang SUN Ping WU Qiang 《Mining Science and Technology》 EI CAS 2009年第2期144-148,共5页
Given the problem of harmful gas discharge in unsealing coal mining faces, we numerically simulated the process of change of gas flows and movements, We have pointed out that, at the moment of unsealing a closed stope... Given the problem of harmful gas discharge in unsealing coal mining faces, we numerically simulated the process of change of gas flows and movements, We have pointed out that, at the moment of unsealing a closed stope, the gas discharge is naturally divided into two parts, i.e., the discharge of gas in the working face and that in the goaf, because of the difference in the spatial medium. The absolute volume of gas discharged has a tendency to decrease from its initial peak value to a final stable value. The rate of decrease and the time needed to reach a stable discharge are related to the scale of the mining stope. The discharge of gas from the working face is closely related to the amount of air distributed in the air return way. The most important thing in unsealing a stope is to have the initial peak volume of gas discharged well under control. A commonly used method in solving this problem is at first to use a small amount of air and then increasing it gradually. Our study shows that, by extracting gas from the upper corner, we can use a large volume of air at first in order to shorten considerably the discharge time and improve efficiency, thereby making mining, activitv safer. 展开更多
关键词 GOAF unsealed confined gas emissions gas peak emissions numerical simulation
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China's INDC and non-fossil energy development 被引量:7
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作者 HE Jian-Kun 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第3期210-215,共6页
Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries' energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions ... Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries' energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC), China intends to raise the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20% by 2030. That ambitious goal means the non-fossil energy supplies by 2030 will be 7-8 times that of 2005, and the annual increase rate is more than 8% within the 25 years. Besides, the capacity of wind power, solar power, hy- dropower and nuclear power reaches 400 GW, 350 GW, 450 GW, and 150 GW respectively, and China's non-fossil power capacity is even greater than the U.S.'s total power capacity. In addition, the scale of natural gas increases. Consequently, by 2030, the proportion of coal falls from the current 70% to below 50%, and the CO2 intensity of energy consumption decreases by 20% compared with the level of 2005, which play important roles in significantly reducing the CO2 intensity of GDE Since China has confirmed to achieve the CO2 emissions peak around 2030, at that time, the newly added energy demand will be satisfied by non-fossil energy, and the consumption of fossil fuel will stop growing. By 2030, non-fossil energy accounts for 20%, and the large scale and sound momentum of new and renewable energy industry will support the growth of total energy demand, which plays a key role in CO2 emissions peaking and beginning to decline, and lays the foundation for establishing a new energy system dominated by new and renewable energy in the second half of the 21 st century as well as finally achieving the CO2 zero-emission. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change Non-fossil energy CO2 emissions peak Energy revolution
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The role of new energy in carbon neutral 被引量:19
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作者 ZOU Caineng XIONG Bo +6 位作者 XUE Huaqing ZHENG Dewen GE Zhixin WANG Ying JIANG Luyang PAN Songqi WU Songtao 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 CSCD 2021年第2期480-491,共12页
Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carb... Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is defined as"gray carbon",while the carbon dioxide that cannot be fixed or used and remains in the atmosphere is called"black carbon".Carbon neutral is the consensus of human development,but its implementation still faces many challenges in politics,resources,technology,market,and energy structure,etc.It is proposed that carbon replacement,carbon emission reduction,carbon sequestration,and carbon cycle are the four main approaches to achieve carbon neutral,among which carbon replacement is the backbone.New energy has become the leading role of the third energy conversion and will dominate carbon neutral in the future.Nowadays,solar energy,wind energy,hydropower,nuclear energy and hydrogen energy are the main forces of new energy,helping the power sector to achieve low carbon emissions."Green hydrogen"is the reserve force of new energy,helping further reduce carbon emissions in industrial and transportation fields.Artificial carbon conversion technology is a bridge connecting new energy and fossil energy,effectively reducing the carbon emissions of fossil energy.It is predicted that the peak value of China’s carbon dioxide emissions will reach 110×10^(8) t in 2030.The study predicts that China’s carbon emissions will drop to 22×10^(8) t,33×10^(8) t and 44×10^(8) t,respectively,in 2060 according to three scenarios of high,medium,and low levels.To realize carbon neutral in China,seven implementation suggestions have been put forward to build a new"three small and one large"energy structure in China and promote the realization of China’s energy independence strategy. 展开更多
关键词 new energy peak carbon dioxide emissions carbon neutral gray carbon black carbon carbon replacement carbon emissions reduction carbon sequestration carbon cycle
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Pathways to peak carbon emissions in China by 2030: An analysis in relation to the economic growth rate 被引量:4
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作者 Weidong LIU Wanbei JIANG +1 位作者 Zhipeng TANG Mengyao HAN 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第6期1057-1072,共16页
With less than ten years left to meet its pledge to peak carbon dioxide emissions(peak emissions hereafter) by 2030,China has entered a critical emissions reduction stage. How to meet this commitment in a context in w... With less than ten years left to meet its pledge to peak carbon dioxide emissions(peak emissions hereafter) by 2030,China has entered a critical emissions reduction stage. How to meet this commitment in a context in which GDP per capita will double from 2020 by 2035 is a major decision-making issue for the Chinese government and people and one which warrants further study. To reveal the relationships between the GDP growth rate, the rate of decrease of carbon intensity and the time to reach peak emissions, this study translates the question as to “when China's carbon emissions peak will occur” into “how can one control the rate of carbon intensity decrease at a given GDP growth rate”. In the light of the results of a random forest algorithm used to identify and project the key drivers of carbon intensity in China, a mathematical model was developed to simulate different scenarios relating to decreases in carbon intensity. The date at which Chinese carbon emissions will peak is predicted by comparing the rate of decrease of carbon intensity with the GDP growth rate. The results show that the time to peak emissions depends on the relationship between the rate of decrease of carbon intensity and the GDP growth rate, where the former depends mainly on the energy structure and policy. If China's annual GDP growth rate were 5.0% during the 15th Five-Year Plan, and if the share of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption were 23.0% or above, China's carbon emissions will peak before2030. If the share of non-fossil fuels were 20.0% or less, China might not be able to reach its 2030 target. In this latter case an acceleration in the pace of energy restructuring would be required to reach peak emissions before 2030. The projected peak emissions scenarios suggest that the carbon peak will occur between 2025 to 2029, with average peak emissions of 11.2 billion tons and a distribution ranging from a minimum of 10.5 billion and a maximum of 11.9 billion tons. If the GDP growth rate were4.5%, 5.5% or 6.0% during the 15th Five-year Plan, the share of non-fossil energy must reach 23.0%, 25.0% or 27.0%,respectively, to ensure that emissions peak by 2030. The results of this study provide a series of reference points for China's pursuit of feasible pathways to peak carbon emissions by 2030. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon emissions Carbon emissions peak Carbon intensity Energy structure GDP growth rate
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Criteria for assessing carbon emissions peaks at provincial level in China 被引量:5
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作者 Min WANG Peng WANG +5 位作者 Liang WU Ru-Pu YANG Xiang-Zhao FENG Meng-Xue ZHAO Xiao-Lin DU Yu-Jia WANG 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第1期131-137,共7页
China has pledged to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and neutralize emissions by 2060.There is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and reliable methodology to judge whether a region has reached its carbon emission... China has pledged to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and neutralize emissions by 2060.There is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and reliable methodology to judge whether a region has reached its carbon emissions peak(CEP),as well as to schedule and prioritize mitigation activities for different regions.In this study,we developed an approach for identifying the CEP status of 30 provincial areas in China,considering both the carbon emissions trends and the main socioeconomic factors that influence these trends.According to the results of the Mann-Kendall(MK)tests,changes in carbon emissions for the 30 provincial areas can be grouped inlo four clusters:those with significant reductions,marginal reductions,marginal increases,and significant increases.Then,total energy consumption(TEC),the proportion of coal consumption(PCC),the proportion of the urban population(PUP),the proportion of secondary industry(PASP),and per capita GDP(PGDP)were further identified as the main factors influencing carbon emissions,by applying Redundancy analysis(RDA)and Monte Carlo permutation tests.To balance efficacy with fairness,we assigned scores from 1 to 4 to trends in carbon emissions,and the Group Analysis results of the main influencing factors above except for TEC;for TEC,main basis is the relevant assessment results.And finally,according to the actual condition of total scores,provincial areas were assigned to the first,second,third and fourth stage of progress toward CEP,using the method of Natural Breaks(Jenks).Based on the method,differentiated plans should be adopted from the perspective of fair development and emissions reduction efficiency,in accordance with the basic principles of Doing the Best within Capacity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities.This classification method can also be adopted by other developing countries which have not yet achieved CEP. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon emission peak(CEP) Influencing factors Determination methods Stage classification Provincial level
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Analysis of Dynamic Tensile Process of Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Acoustic Emission Technique 被引量:10
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作者 WANG Yan CHEN Shijie +2 位作者 GE Lu ZHOU Li HU Hongxiang 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2018年第5期1129-1139,共11页
The fiber reinforced concrete has good dynamic mechanical properties. But corresponding research lacks the dynamic damage characteristics of the polypropylene fiber(fiber of low elastic modulus) and steel fiber(fib... The fiber reinforced concrete has good dynamic mechanical properties. But corresponding research lacks the dynamic damage characteristics of the polypropylene fiber(fiber of low elastic modulus) and steel fiber(fiber of high elastic modulus) reinforced concrete under medium strain rate(10-6 s-1-10-4 s-1). In order to study the effect of strain rate on the damage characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete during the full curve damage process, the real time dynamic acoustic emission(AE) technique was applied to monitor the damage process of fiber reinforced concrete at three strain rates. The AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band and average AE peak frequency at three strain rates were analyzed. With the accumulation of damage, the AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band increased first and then decreased, and the average AE peak frequency increased gradually. With the increase of strain rate, the AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band and average AE peak frequency decreased gradually. The polypropylene fiber content has more obvious effect on the Dynamic increase factor(DIF) of the peak stress than the steel fiber content. The theoretical basis was provided for the monitoring of dynamic damage of fiber reinforced concrete based on the AE technique. 展开更多
关键词 acoustic emission steel fiber polypropylene fiber strain rate acoustic emission wavelet energy spectrum peak frequency
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Pathway and policy analysis to China's deep decarbonization 被引量:1
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作者 Qiang Liu Yi Chen +3 位作者 Fei Teng Chuan Tian Xiaoqi Zheng Xuchen Zhao 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2017年第1期39-49,共11页
The Paris Agreement marks the beginning of a new era in the global response to climate change, which further clarifies the long-term goal and underlines the urgency addressing climate change. For China,promoting the d... The Paris Agreement marks the beginning of a new era in the global response to climate change, which further clarifies the long-term goal and underlines the urgency addressing climate change. For China,promoting the decoupling between economic growth and carbon emissions as soon as possible is not only the core task of achieving the medium-and long-term goals and strategies to address climate change, but also the inevitable requirement for ensuring the sustainable development of economy and society. Based on the analysis of the historical trends of the economy and social development, as well as society, energy consumption, and key end-use sectors in China, this paper studies the deep carbon emission reduction potential of carbon emission of in energy, industry, building, and transportation and other sectors with "bottom-up" modeling analysis and proposes a medium-and long-term deep decarbonization pathway based on key technologies' mitigation potentials for China. It is found that under deep decarbonization pathway, China will successfully realize the goals set in China's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions of achieving carbon emissions peak around 2030 and lowering carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product(GDP) by 60-65% from the 2005 level.From 2030 onward, the development of nonfossil energy will further accelerates, and the share of nonfossil energies in primary energy will amounts to about 44% by 2050. Combined with the acceleration of low-carbon transformation in end-use sectors including industry, building, and transportation, the carbon dioxide emissions in 2050 will fall to the level before 2005, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will decreases by more than 90% from the 2005 level. To ensure the realization of the deep decarbonization pathway, this paper puts forward policy recommendations from four perspectives, including intensifying the total carbon dioxide emissions cap and strengthening the related institutional systems and regulations, improving the incentive policies for industrial lowcarbon development, enhancing the role of the market mechanism, and advocating low-carbon life and consumption patterns. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon dioxide emissions emission peak deepdecarbonization pathway policy suggestions
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