为揭示奶牛肝脏脂肪变性影响生产性能的代谢机制,以健康奶牛为对照,本研究比较分析了肝脏轻度脂肪变性奶牛的生理生化指标和转录组测序结果。肝脏组织学观察发现,当脂肪变性时,苏木精-伊红染色的肝脏组织切片中可观察到大小不等的近圆...为揭示奶牛肝脏脂肪变性影响生产性能的代谢机制,以健康奶牛为对照,本研究比较分析了肝脏轻度脂肪变性奶牛的生理生化指标和转录组测序结果。肝脏组织学观察发现,当脂肪变性时,苏木精-伊红染色的肝脏组织切片中可观察到大小不等的近圆形空泡。与健康奶牛相比,肝脏轻度脂肪变性奶牛的脂肪矫正乳、能量矫正乳、乳脂含量均显著降低,而血浆生化指标无明显差异。对肝脏组织进行转录组测序,共发现241个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),其中表达下调的DEGs有136个,表达上调的DEGs有105个。通过基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能注释发现,DEGs主要富集于脂质代谢相关的生物学过程与分子功能中;通过京都基因和基因组数据库(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析发现,DEGs显著富集于类固醇生物合成、胆固醇代谢、非酒精性脂肪性肝病等脂质代谢相关通路。另外,对全体基因进行基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)发现,基因主要富集于脂肪酸延长通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路等影响脂质代谢的重要通路。上述结果表明,肝脏脂肪变性影响了奶牛肝脏的脂质代谢,进而影响了奶牛全身代谢,引起了奶牛乳脂含量等生产性能改变。展开更多
Nineteen multiparous barren Holstein cows were subjected to an induction of lactation protocol for 21 d administering estradiol cypionate （2 mg kg-1 of body weight （BW） d-1, on day 1 to 14）, progesterone （0.10 mg...Nineteen multiparous barren Holstein cows were subjected to an induction of lactation protocol for 21 d administering estradiol cypionate （2 mg kg-1 of body weight （BW） d-1, on day 1 to 14）, progesterone （0.10 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 1 to 7）, lfumethasone （0.03 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 18 to 20） and recombinant bovine somatotropin （rbST;500 mg per cow, on day 1, 6, 16 and 21）. At the end of lactation and with a minimum of a 2-mon dry period, the same cows were again hormonally induced into lactation. Cows in both lactations were not artiifcially inseminated, they were milked 3 times daily and received rbST throughout lactation. Mean accumulated milk yield at 305 d in milk （DIM） did not differ between the ifrst and second induced lactations （（9 710 ＆#177;1 728） vs. （9 309＆#177;2 150） kg;mean＆#177;SD）. Total milk yield （（12 707＆#177;3 406） vs. （12 306＆#177;4 218） kg;mean＆#177;SD） and lactation length （（405＆#177;100） vs. （410＆#177;91） d;mean＆#177;SD） were not different between the ifrst and second induced lactations. In a second study, 15 empirical models including exponential, power law, yield-density, sigmoidal and miscellaneous models were compared for their suitability by modeling 12-mon （n=334）, 18-mon （n=164） and 29-mon （n=22） lactation cycles of Holsteins cows induced into lactation and treated with rbST throughout the lactation. Hoerl （Y=ab1/xxc）, Wood （Y=axb exp（cx）） and Dhanoa （Y=ax（bc）exp（cx）） models were equally suitable to describe 12-mon lactations. An exponential model with ifve parameters （Y=exp（a＋bx＋cd2＋e/x）） showed the best ift for milk yield for 18-mon lactations. The rational model （Y=a＋bx/1＋cx＋dx2） was found to produce the closest ift for 29-mon lactations. It was concluded that, with the protocol used in the present study, multiparous cows respond favorably to a second cycle of induced lactation, with milk yield similar to that experienced during the ifrst cycle. Thus, dairy producers might be able to lengthen the productive life of infertile high producing cows with a renewal of artiifcial lactation, which would imply an overall reduction in voluntary culling of cows. Also, various equations used to describe the lactation curves demonstrated the potential for iftting monthly milk records of Holstein cows with prolonged lactations and induced hormonally into lactation.展开更多
Peak discharge of flood in small mountainous watershed is usually calculated using the "Rainstorm–runoff calculation method in small watersheds in Sichuan Province"(RRM). This study evaluated the RRM calcul...Peak discharge of flood in small mountainous watershed is usually calculated using the "Rainstorm–runoff calculation method in small watersheds in Sichuan Province"(RRM). This study evaluated the RRM calculation using real-time monitored rainfall and hydrologic data from a small watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area of Sichuan Province, China. The results indicated that the discharge values given by the RRM are commonly overestimating the measured discharge. The overestimation rate was discussed and empirical equations were proposed for improving RRM estimations, based on the relationship between calculated and measured discharge values at different watershed scales(2, 30, and 40 km2), under different rainfall probabilities(0.97–0.5, 0.5–0.2, and 0.2–0.002), and for different rainfall durations(0–6, 6–24, and >24 h). The results of this study help contribute to the understanding of water floods formation and help provide more accurate estimations of peak flow discharge in small watersheds in the Wenchuan Earthquake area.展开更多
Photofission fragments mass yield for^(232)Th,^(234;238) U,^(237) Np, and^(239;240;242) Pu isotopes are investigated.The calculations are done using a developed approach based on Gorodisskiy's phenomenological for...Photofission fragments mass yield for^(232)Th,^(234;238) U,^(237) Np, and^(239;240;242) Pu isotopes are investigated.The calculations are done using a developed approach based on Gorodisskiy's phenomenological formalism. The Gorodisskiy's method is developed to be applied for the neutron-induced fission. Here we revised it for application to photofission. The effect of emitted neutron prior to fission on the fission fragment mass yields has also been studied. The peak-to-valley ratio is extracted for the240 Pu isotope as a function of energy. Obtained results of the present formalism are compared with the available experimental data. Satisfactory agreement is achieved between the results of present approach and the experimental data.展开更多
文摘为揭示奶牛肝脏脂肪变性影响生产性能的代谢机制,以健康奶牛为对照,本研究比较分析了肝脏轻度脂肪变性奶牛的生理生化指标和转录组测序结果。肝脏组织学观察发现,当脂肪变性时,苏木精-伊红染色的肝脏组织切片中可观察到大小不等的近圆形空泡。与健康奶牛相比,肝脏轻度脂肪变性奶牛的脂肪矫正乳、能量矫正乳、乳脂含量均显著降低,而血浆生化指标无明显差异。对肝脏组织进行转录组测序,共发现241个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),其中表达下调的DEGs有136个,表达上调的DEGs有105个。通过基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能注释发现,DEGs主要富集于脂质代谢相关的生物学过程与分子功能中;通过京都基因和基因组数据库(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析发现,DEGs显著富集于类固醇生物合成、胆固醇代谢、非酒精性脂肪性肝病等脂质代谢相关通路。另外,对全体基因进行基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)发现,基因主要富集于脂肪酸延长通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路等影响脂质代谢的重要通路。上述结果表明,肝脏脂肪变性影响了奶牛肝脏的脂质代谢,进而影响了奶牛全身代谢,引起了奶牛乳脂含量等生产性能改变。
基金the financial support from SAGARPACONACYT (Mexico) (144591)
文摘Nineteen multiparous barren Holstein cows were subjected to an induction of lactation protocol for 21 d administering estradiol cypionate （2 mg kg-1 of body weight （BW） d-1, on day 1 to 14）, progesterone （0.10 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 1 to 7）, lfumethasone （0.03 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 18 to 20） and recombinant bovine somatotropin （rbST;500 mg per cow, on day 1, 6, 16 and 21）. At the end of lactation and with a minimum of a 2-mon dry period, the same cows were again hormonally induced into lactation. Cows in both lactations were not artiifcially inseminated, they were milked 3 times daily and received rbST throughout lactation. Mean accumulated milk yield at 305 d in milk （DIM） did not differ between the ifrst and second induced lactations （（9 710 ＆#177;1 728） vs. （9 309＆#177;2 150） kg;mean＆#177;SD）. Total milk yield （（12 707＆#177;3 406） vs. （12 306＆#177;4 218） kg;mean＆#177;SD） and lactation length （（405＆#177;100） vs. （410＆#177;91） d;mean＆#177;SD） were not different between the ifrst and second induced lactations. In a second study, 15 empirical models including exponential, power law, yield-density, sigmoidal and miscellaneous models were compared for their suitability by modeling 12-mon （n=334）, 18-mon （n=164） and 29-mon （n=22） lactation cycles of Holsteins cows induced into lactation and treated with rbST throughout the lactation. Hoerl （Y=ab1/xxc）, Wood （Y=axb exp（cx）） and Dhanoa （Y=ax（bc）exp（cx）） models were equally suitable to describe 12-mon lactations. An exponential model with ifve parameters （Y=exp（a＋bx＋cd2＋e/x）） showed the best ift for milk yield for 18-mon lactations. The rational model （Y=a＋bx/1＋cx＋dx2） was found to produce the closest ift for 29-mon lactations. It was concluded that, with the protocol used in the present study, multiparous cows respond favorably to a second cycle of induced lactation, with milk yield similar to that experienced during the ifrst cycle. Thus, dairy producers might be able to lengthen the productive life of infertile high producing cows with a renewal of artiifcial lactation, which would imply an overall reduction in voluntary culling of cows. Also, various equations used to describe the lactation curves demonstrated the potential for iftting monthly milk records of Holstein cows with prolonged lactations and induced hormonally into lactation.
基金supported by the National Research Project (2017YFC1502504)International S&T Cooperation Project (2016YFE0122400)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. XDA23*, the Open Fund (SKLGP2017K013)Youth Innovation Promotion Association
文摘Peak discharge of flood in small mountainous watershed is usually calculated using the "Rainstorm–runoff calculation method in small watersheds in Sichuan Province"(RRM). This study evaluated the RRM calculation using real-time monitored rainfall and hydrologic data from a small watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area of Sichuan Province, China. The results indicated that the discharge values given by the RRM are commonly overestimating the measured discharge. The overestimation rate was discussed and empirical equations were proposed for improving RRM estimations, based on the relationship between calculated and measured discharge values at different watershed scales(2, 30, and 40 km2), under different rainfall probabilities(0.97–0.5, 0.5–0.2, and 0.2–0.002), and for different rainfall durations(0–6, 6–24, and >24 h). The results of this study help contribute to the understanding of water floods formation and help provide more accurate estimations of peak flow discharge in small watersheds in the Wenchuan Earthquake area.
文摘Photofission fragments mass yield for^(232)Th,^(234;238) U,^(237) Np, and^(239;240;242) Pu isotopes are investigated.The calculations are done using a developed approach based on Gorodisskiy's phenomenological formalism. The Gorodisskiy's method is developed to be applied for the neutron-induced fission. Here we revised it for application to photofission. The effect of emitted neutron prior to fission on the fission fragment mass yields has also been studied. The peak-to-valley ratio is extracted for the240 Pu isotope as a function of energy. Obtained results of the present formalism are compared with the available experimental data. Satisfactory agreement is achieved between the results of present approach and the experimental data.
