REDUCING THE PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO OF OFDM SYSTEM WITH LOW COMPLEXITY

This paper proposes a companding scheme, where small signals are enlarged and large signals are reduced, to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR). Computer simulation results show that the proposed technique has two advantages at least when compared with the conventional methods such as partial transmit sequence, selective mapping and the previous companding. First, it gets better PAPR performances with a lower complexity. Second, the scheme achieves greater performances gain with hardly any damnification of OFDM signals in some degree.

A Novel Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Scheme via Tone Reservation in OFDM Systems

In this paper, a novel signal-to-clipping noise ratio and least squares approximation tone reservation scheme(SCR-LSA TR) is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. During the SCR procedure, only the element with the maximal amplitude is picked for processing, which not only decreases the algorithm complexity, but also helps to overcome the BER deterioration. With the LSA method, the amplitude of the peak-cancelling signals can approximate to that of the original clipping noise as much as possible. Through the combination of the optimization factor in the LSA method, the classic SCR method can achieve better PAPR reduction with faster convergence. Simulation results show that the proposed SCR-LSA TR scheme has less in-band distortion and smaller out-of-band spectral radiation. The BER of the proposed scheme shows a better performance especially under the 16-QAM over the additive white Gaussian noise channel.

Simulation on Peak-to-Average Power Ratio for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Clipping is a simple and convenient PAPR （peak-to-average power ratio） reduction method for high speed OFDM （orthogonal frequency division multiplexing） communication system. In this paper, we propose a new PAPR reduction method for Wireless-MAN（metropolitan area network）-OFDM system based on IEEE 802.16, which is over-sampling clipping arithmetic. Simulation and performance of the over-samples clipping＇s PAPR reduction capability, BER effect is given. The simulation indicates that the PAPR of at least 99.9% OFDM symbol is below 6dB after 2 Nyquist rate clipping, and the performance of BER has 1dB SNR（signal noise ratio） loss. The results prove that this method has better capacity to reducing PAPR. So it can be well used in WMAN-OFDM system.

COMPLEMENT BLOCK CODING SCHEME FOR REDUCING PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO OF OFDM SYSTEMS

A new scheme termed as Complement Block Coding (CBC) technique is proposed to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. Utilizing the complement bits which are added to the original information bits,this method can effectively reduce the PAPR of OFDM systems with random frame size N and the coding rate R ≤ (N - k)/N, where kis a positive integer and k ≤ N/2. The performance results obtained with CBC are given and compared with that of some well known schemes, such as Simple Block Coding (SBC), Modified Simple Block Coding (MSBC) and Simple Odd Parity Code (SOPC) for the same purpose. The results show that, at the same coding rate 3/4, the CBC can achieve almost the same performance as SBC, MSBC, but with lower complexity, and that the same performance can be obtained with higher coding rate by using CBC. At the same coding rate (N - 1)/N, the PAPR reduction of CBC is almost the twice as that of SOPC when N ≥ 16. Further more, the PAPR reductions with coding rate (N - 1)/N are almost the same as that with coding rate less than (N - 1)/N,so the proposed scheme CBC is more suitable for the large frame size with high coding rate and can provide error detection.

Peak-to-average power ratio reduction using selective mapping with unequal power distribution

A new approach for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems was proposed.This approach is based on assigning powers to the different subcarriers of OFDM using an unequal power distribution strategy.In addition,a reduced complexity selective mapping (RC-SLM) scheme was proposed.The proposed scheme is based on partitioning the frequency domain symbol sequence into several sub-blocks,and then each sub-block is multiplied by different phase sequences whose length is shorter than that used in the conventional SLM scheme.Then,a kind of low complexity conversions is used to replace the IFFT blocks.The performance of the proposed RC-SLM scheme along with the new approach was studied with computer simulation.The obtained results show that the proposed RC-SLM scheme is able to achieve the lowest computational complexity when compared with other low complexity schemes proposed in the literature while at the same time improves the PAPR reduction performance by about 0.3 dB.

基于归一化小波分解能量比的雷达有源欺骗干扰识别

结合数字射频存储器(DRFM)欺骗式干扰机的结构特点,通过干扰的作用过程建立针对跟踪雷达的典型拖引欺骗干扰的信号模型。对一个相干处理周期的归一化雷达接收信号进行小波分解,提取各阶分解向量的能量比作为特征参数,研究了基于拖引过程的欺骗干扰类型识别方法,为后续的雷达系统抗干扰方法选取提供了先验信息。仿真实验证明该方法有较高的识别率。

新型三电平单向混合整流器电流控制策略分析

在能量优化中,调整功率配比需要混合整流器中并联的整流器精确控制输入电流波形。针对新型三电平单向混合整流器中并联的三电平单向整流器数学模型,提出在d-q坐标系下采用符合调制比约束的变比例控制算法,电流跟踪精度优于传统PI控制。针对该新型混合整流器并联的三相单开关Boost整流器电流连续模式下的数学模型,采用单周期电流脉动脉冲宽度调制控制算法,可在一个采样周期内补偿电流误差。仿真实验表明,该电流控制策略适用于不同的非正弦周期性电流波形,方法简单,跟踪快速,实现了混合整流器运行于高功率因数、低谐波畸变率、功率配比可调整的特性,从而证明了控制策略的有效性和正确性。

Partial transmitting sequence method based on trellis factor search

To obtain good trade-offs between complexity and performance onpeak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)using partial transmitting sequence (PTS) schemes, a trellis structure based PTS factor searchmethod is proposed. The trellis search is with a variant constraint length L_C, 1 ≤ L_C ≤ V-1,where V is the number of PTS subblocks. The method is to decide a PTS factor by searching all thepossible paths obtained by varying L_C consecutive factors. The trellis search can be viewed as ageneral PTS factor search model. If L_C = V-1, it is a full search, and if L_C = 1, it is aniterative search. Using different constraint lengths, trellis factor search PTS exhibits differentPAPR reduction performances. A larger L_C results in a better performance and L_C = V-1 results inthe optimum. However, a larger L_C requires more computation. This helps to choose a good trade-offbetween complexity and performance.

LTE系统中采用SGA-PTS技术降低OFDM峰均比的研究与仿真

LTE系统以OFDM技术为核心,但OFDM技术自身存在高峰均比的问题。随着硬件技术的迅速发展,概率类技术被认为是最有希望解决OFDM系统峰均比PAPR问题的一类方法。部分传输序列PTS(Partial Transmit Sequence)技术作为概率类技术中的代表技术一直广受关注,其关键问题在于搜索到合适的相位因子序列,使OFDM信号的峰均比性能最好。本文将混合的模拟退火遗传算法SGA(Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm)应用于PTS技术中相位因子序列的搜索,并通过仿真验证其有效性及优越性。对于相同的峰均比阈值要求,SGA算法能更好地改善PTS技术搜索最优相位因子序列的复杂度问题,使其更易于实现。

发电厂关口电能计量装置故障时差错电量的计算

由高电压等级发电厂关口计量装置的设置情况,以及发电厂主要统计的电能经济指标,提出当某电能计量装置故障,造成其所计量的电量出现差异时,可以通过某一经济指标的正常统计值推算出异常电量的正常电量值,并结合实例分别介绍利用发电机升压变压器变损率计算关口差错电量、利用综合厂用电率和发电量计算关口差错电量的方法。

Short-span interleaving based selected mapping

A novel interleaving based selected mapping （SLM） scheme to depress the relatively high peak power of transmit signals in multicarrier communications is proposed. In the scheme, a group of bit-level interleavers spanning only a few bits are used to produce multiple sequences representing the same information, and one of the sequences resulting in the lowest peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） is selected for transmission. The implementation of the scheme including the structure of the short-span interleaver is illustrated. The performance of this PAPR reduction scheme is investigated by simulations. This scheme exhibits a good PAPR reduction performance, and for signals of high level modulation, such as 16QAM and 64QAM, it approaches the best performance of all SLM schemes. Compared to the conventional interleaving SLM, this short-span interleaving SLM results in a very short time delay, requires very few register units for buffering, and can be easily implemented by hardware.

Correlation-based subblock partition design for PTS approach

In order to exploit the capability of the peak-to-average power ratio（PAPR）reduction afforded by the partial transmit sequences （PTS）approach in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM）systems, subblock partition schemes for the PTS approach are studied. The motivation is to establish the relationship between the subblock partition and the capability of PAPR reduction through the periodic autocorrelation functions （ACFs）of partial transmit sequences and the periodic cross-correlation functions（CCFs）of signal candidates.Let Q represent the variation of the square magnitudes of ACFs.It is found that the lower the Q-value is, the better PAPR performance can be achieved, which is introduced as a design criterion for subblock partition.Based on this criterion, four common partition methods are compared and an efficient partition strategy is proposed. It is shown that structured partition schemes with low computational complexity have a large Q-value, leading to a poor PAPR performance.The new strategy can be regarded as a trade-off between PAPR performance and computational complexity.The simulation results show that the strategy can achieve an optimal performance with a relatively low complexity and, moreover,does not increase the amount of side information.

不同叠加训练序列PTS降低PAPR性能比较

部分传输序列(PTS)能有效降低正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的峰均功率比(PAPR),但是其存在降低性能有限和边带信息占用频谱资源的问题。文中在传统PTS方法的基础上,基于叠加训练序列PTS降低PAPR的方法,分析了叠加不同训练序列、不同训练序列作相位旋转因子及功率分配因子对降低PAPR性能的影响。仿真结果表明:叠加自相关性较好的训练序列,降低PAPR的能力更强;不同训练序列作相位旋转因子时,对降低PAPR的效果影响不大;采用Hadama码、功率分配因子大于0.15时,降低PAPR的能力增强。该方法中的训练序列,不仅可以用于同步﹑信道估计,而且可以降低PAPR,并提高系统频谱利用率。

蜂窝型星座图在降低OFDM信号峰均比中的应用

为降低正交频分复用OFDM的峰均比（PAPR）提出了改进的蜂窝扩展星座图的方法。改进的算法采用音调注入技术（TI），在不增加信号功率的约束条件下，动态地向外扩展传输数据的星座点，从而降低OFDM信号的峰均功率比。该方法在接收机端不需要任何的处理过程，而且没有边带信息。改进的蜂窝星座图扩展方法经仿真能够取得的峰均功率比比64-QAM约低4dB，降低效果显著。

Low-complexity PTS scheme based on phase factor sequences optimization

In this paper, a new partial transmit sequence（PTS）scheme with low computational complexity is proposed for the problems of high computational complexity in the conventional PTS method. By analyzing the relationship of candidate sequences in the PTS method under the interleaved partition method, it has been discovered that some candidate sequences generated by phase factor sequences have the same peak average power ratio（PAPR）. Hence, phase factor sequences can be optimized to reduce their searching times. Then, the computational process of generating candidate sequences can be simplified by improving the utilization of data and minimizing the calculations of complex multiplication. The performance analysis shows that, compared with the conventional PTS scheme, the proposed approach significantly decreases the computational complexity and has no loss of PAPR performance.

M-Sequence for Reducing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in PTS-OFDM Systems

A sub-optimum m-sequence method for reducing PAR distribution inPTS-OFDM is proposed in the pa- per. In order to reduce thecalculation load introduced by optimum PTS method, m-sequence offinding the optimum side information can be utilized, which will notbring very heavy burden to the OFDM system since the cal- culationcomplexity is determined mainly by the number of IDFT at the cost ofPAR distribution performance of OFDM system.

Novel PAPR Reduction Scheme Based on Continuous Nonlinear Piecewise Companding Transform for OFDM Systems

In this paper,a novel efficient continuous piecewise nonlinear companding scheme is proposed for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)systems.In the proposed companding transform,signal samples with large amplitudes is clipped for peak power reduction,and the signal samples with medium amplitudes is nonlinear transformed with power compensation.While the signal samples with small amplitudes remain unchanged.The whole companding function is continuous and smooth in the range of positive numbers,which is beneficial for guaranteeing the bit error rate(BER)and power spectral density(PSD)performance.This scheme can achieve a significant reduction in PAPR.And at the same time,it cause little increment in BER and PSD performance.Simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed scheme over existing companding schemes.

Exhaustive entropy based SLM method for PAPR reduction of OFDM system

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) is an attractive technology to provide immense improvement in wireless transmission capacity but high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) is a major drawback of OFDM system.Selected mapping(SLM) scheme has good performance for PAPR reduction.It requires the transmitting data to be multiplied by random phase sequences.However,the sequences are pseudo-random which will decrease the method effectiveness.Exhaustive entropy is introduced in this paper which can identify the strength of random phase sequences property.Then an exhaustive entropy based on SLM method is proposed.The scheme improves the effectiveness of random phase sequences by selecting the larger exhaustive entropy of them.The simulation results show that the PAPR reduction performance is better than that of conventional SLM through this method.

BLOCK CODING SCHEME FOR REDUCING PAPR IN OFDM SYSTEMS WITH LARGE NUMBER OF SUBCARRIERS

The major drawback in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is due to the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), so the performance of the system is significantly degraded by the nonlinearity of a High Power Amplifier (HPA) in the transmitter.In order to mitigate distortion, a block coding scheme for reducing PAPR in OFDM systems with large number of subcarriers based on complementary sequences and predistortion is proposed,which is capable of both error correction and PAPR reduction. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves Bit Error Rate(BER) performance as compared to an uncoded system when an HPA is employed or a coded system without predistortion.

150 MW级别CFB机组高压电机变频节能改造技术应用研究

针对广西百色银海发电有限公司150 MW循环流化床(CFB)机组高压电机目前的运行状况及设备存在的问题进行了分析,基于降低厂用电率,节约成本的目的,提出了进行变频改造的节能优化方案,并对具体设备制造及施工方案进行了详细介绍。在对改造前后不同设备的节能效果进行统计分析的基础上,进行了总结并给出了合理的建议。对国内同类型机组优化改造具有一定的借鉴意义。