In this paper, a novel signal-to-clipping noise ratio and least squares approximation tone reservation scheme(SCR-LSA TR) is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio for orthogonal frequency division multipl...In this paper, a novel signal-to-clipping noise ratio and least squares approximation tone reservation scheme(SCR-LSA TR) is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. During the SCR procedure, only the element with the maximal amplitude is picked for processing, which not only decreases the algorithm complexity, but also helps to overcome the BER deterioration. With the LSA method, the amplitude of the peak-cancelling signals can approximate to that of the original clipping noise as much as possible. Through the combination of the optimization factor in the LSA method, the classic SCR method can achieve better PAPR reduction with faster convergence. Simulation results show that the proposed SCR-LSA TR scheme has less in-band distortion and smaller out-of-band spectral radiation. The BER of the proposed scheme shows a better performance especially under the 16-QAM over the additive white Gaussian noise channel.展开更多
Clipping is a simple and convenient PAPR （peak-to-average power ratio） reduction method for high speed OFDM （orthogonal frequency division multiplexing） communication system. In this paper, we propose a new PAPR r...Clipping is a simple and convenient PAPR （peak-to-average power ratio） reduction method for high speed OFDM （orthogonal frequency division multiplexing） communication system. In this paper, we propose a new PAPR reduction method for Wireless-MAN（metropolitan area network）-OFDM system based on IEEE 802.16, which is over-sampling clipping arithmetic. Simulation and performance of the over-samples clipping＇s PAPR reduction capability, BER effect is given. The simulation indicates that the PAPR of at least 99.9% OFDM symbol is below 6dB after 2 Nyquist rate clipping, and the performance of BER has 1dB SNR（signal noise ratio） loss. The results prove that this method has better capacity to reducing PAPR. So it can be well used in WMAN-OFDM system.展开更多
This research proposes an integrated approach to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodologies for ratio analysis. According to this, we compute two sets of weights of ratios i...This research proposes an integrated approach to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodologies for ratio analysis. According to this, we compute two sets of weights of ratios in the DEA framework. All ratios are treated as outputs without explicit inputs. The first set of weights represents the most attainable efficiency level for each Decision Making Unit (DMU) in comparison to the other DMUs. The second set of weights represents the relative priority of output-ratios using AHP. We assess the performance of each DMU in terms of the relative closeness to the priority weights of output-ratios. For this purpose, we develop a parametric goal programming model to measure the deviations between the two sets of weights. Increasing the value of a parameter in a defined range of efficiency loss, we explore how much the deviations can be improved to achieve the desired goals of the decision maker.This may result in various ranking positions for each DMU in comparison to the other DMUs. An illustrated example of eight listed companies in the steel industry of China is used to highlight the usefulness of the proposed approach.展开更多
A sub-optimum m-sequence method for reducing PAR distribution inPTS-OFDM is proposed in the pa- per. In order to reduce thecalculation load introduced by optimum PTS method, m-sequence offinding the optimum side infor...A sub-optimum m-sequence method for reducing PAR distribution inPTS-OFDM is proposed in the pa- per. In order to reduce thecalculation load introduced by optimum PTS method, m-sequence offinding the optimum side information can be utilized, which will notbring very heavy burden to the OFDM system since the cal- culationcomplexity is determined mainly by the number of IDFT at the cost ofPAR distribution performance of OFDM system.展开更多
In this article, an inter-antenna inter-subblock shifting and inversion （IASSI） scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） in multi-input multioutput orthogonal frequency division multiple...In this article, an inter-antenna inter-subblock shifting and inversion （IASSI） scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） in multi-input multioutput orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （MIMO- OFDM） systems. It exploits multiple antennas and subblocks to provide additional degrees of freedom to benefit the system. To reduce the implementation complexity of the proposed scheme, two simple suboptimal schemes are further presented based on the minimum current maximum criterion; one adopts sequential search and the other employs random binary grouping. The simulation results exhibit the effectiveness of these proposed schemes.展开更多
The Plum Rains Season(PRS)has the typical characteristics of outdoor air temperature dramatic changes and high air humidity in the hot summer and cold winter region in China.Even if the indoor heat source and moisture...The Plum Rains Season(PRS)has the typical characteristics of outdoor air temperature dramatic changes and high air humidity in the hot summer and cold winter region in China.Even if the indoor heat source and moisture production is constant,when the outdoor air temperature rises rapidly during high air humidity PRS,the build-ing envelope temperature heats up much more slower than the indoor air temperature and therefore the wall surface temperature is lower than the indoor air dewpoint which leads to condensation phenomenon,resulting in deterioration of insulation performance,mouldy walls,deterioration of indoor air quality.At present,there is a lack of research on the factors affecting condensation in rural residence during PRS.This paper evaluates the impact of occupants’habit of window opening modes and building construction parameters on the building envelope surface condensation in Changsha during PRS.Using Designer’Simulation Toolkit(DeST)simulated and analysed the impact of key parameters such as window-to-wall ratio,exterior wall reflectivity,window opening mode(open/close),and external wall insulation on the building indoor thermal and humid environment.The condensation risk X is proposed to evaluate the condensation possibility on the building envelope’s inner sur-face.The results show that from the perspective of anti-condensation:The rural residential building in Changsha should balance the window-wall ratio against better natural lighting;Keeping windows closed during PRS can effectively alleviate the condensation problem while the insulation in the external wall layer could aggravate the condensation.展开更多
T-2毒素微胶囊是制备虾毒饵料研究该毒素在对虾食品链中传递规律的前提技术,从T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料的性状、包埋率及对虾利用率3个方面对其进行评价。采用微胶囊技术,以复合蛋白制剂为壁材,20 ng T-2毒素和对虾饲料为混合芯材,采用均质...T-2毒素微胶囊是制备虾毒饵料研究该毒素在对虾食品链中传递规律的前提技术,从T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料的性状、包埋率及对虾利用率3个方面对其进行评价。采用微胶囊技术,以复合蛋白制剂为壁材,20 ng T-2毒素和对虾饲料为混合芯材,采用均质和物理加热法使复合蛋白制剂包裹混合心材,再用恒温干燥法使其硬化,形成颗粒状对虾T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料,建立了T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料的制备工艺。采用LC-MS/MS技术检测T-2毒素,普通毒饵料、微胶囊毒饵料抽提水样中T-2的毒素含量分别为2.661、0.654 ng/mL,微胶囊毒饵料的包埋率达96.73%,其利用率是普通毒饵料的1.7倍。研究表明T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料可以解决对虾口服难溶于水的T-2毒素的问题,并提高了T-2毒素的利用率,为研究T-2毒素对对虾的作用提供技术支撑。展开更多
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61401360)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3102017zy026)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (2016JM6017)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (16JK1702)
文摘In this paper, a novel signal-to-clipping noise ratio and least squares approximation tone reservation scheme(SCR-LSA TR) is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. During the SCR procedure, only the element with the maximal amplitude is picked for processing, which not only decreases the algorithm complexity, but also helps to overcome the BER deterioration. With the LSA method, the amplitude of the peak-cancelling signals can approximate to that of the original clipping noise as much as possible. Through the combination of the optimization factor in the LSA method, the classic SCR method can achieve better PAPR reduction with faster convergence. Simulation results show that the proposed SCR-LSA TR scheme has less in-band distortion and smaller out-of-band spectral radiation. The BER of the proposed scheme shows a better performance especially under the 16-QAM over the additive white Gaussian noise channel.
基金Supported by the Communication Department ofGeneral Staff (Project 916)
文摘Clipping is a simple and convenient PAPR （peak-to-average power ratio） reduction method for high speed OFDM （orthogonal frequency division multiplexing） communication system. In this paper, we propose a new PAPR reduction method for Wireless-MAN（metropolitan area network）-OFDM system based on IEEE 802.16, which is over-sampling clipping arithmetic. Simulation and performance of the over-samples clipping＇s PAPR reduction capability, BER effect is given. The simulation indicates that the PAPR of at least 99.9% OFDM symbol is below 6dB after 2 Nyquist rate clipping, and the performance of BER has 1dB SNR（signal noise ratio） loss. The results prove that this method has better capacity to reducing PAPR. So it can be well used in WMAN-OFDM system.
文摘This research proposes an integrated approach to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodologies for ratio analysis. According to this, we compute two sets of weights of ratios in the DEA framework. All ratios are treated as outputs without explicit inputs. The first set of weights represents the most attainable efficiency level for each Decision Making Unit (DMU) in comparison to the other DMUs. The second set of weights represents the relative priority of output-ratios using AHP. We assess the performance of each DMU in terms of the relative closeness to the priority weights of output-ratios. For this purpose, we develop a parametric goal programming model to measure the deviations between the two sets of weights. Increasing the value of a parameter in a defined range of efficiency loss, we explore how much the deviations can be improved to achieve the desired goals of the decision maker.This may result in various ranking positions for each DMU in comparison to the other DMUs. An illustrated example of eight listed companies in the steel industry of China is used to highlight the usefulness of the proposed approach.
文摘A sub-optimum m-sequence method for reducing PAR distribution inPTS-OFDM is proposed in the pa- per. In order to reduce thecalculation load introduced by optimum PTS method, m-sequence offinding the optimum side information can be utilized, which will notbring very heavy burden to the OFDM system since the cal- culationcomplexity is determined mainly by the number of IDFT at the cost ofPAR distribution performance of OFDM system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC 60496312）；the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China（2006AA01Z260）；KDDI company of Japan.
文摘In this article, an inter-antenna inter-subblock shifting and inversion （IASSI） scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） in multi-input multioutput orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （MIMO- OFDM） systems. It exploits multiple antennas and subblocks to provide additional degrees of freedom to benefit the system. To reduce the implementation complexity of the proposed scheme, two simple suboptimal schemes are further presented based on the minimum current maximum criterion; one adopts sequential search and the other employs random binary grouping. The simulation results exhibit the effectiveness of these proposed schemes.
基金This work was supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department[19A001]Natural Science Founda-tion of Hunan Province[2019JJ40303]+2 种基金National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(51806021)State Key Laboratory of Air-conditioning Equipment and System Energy Conservation[ACSKL2018KT18]and Double-First class International Collaboration Fund of Changsha Uni-versity of Science and Technology[2018IC16].
文摘The Plum Rains Season(PRS)has the typical characteristics of outdoor air temperature dramatic changes and high air humidity in the hot summer and cold winter region in China.Even if the indoor heat source and moisture production is constant,when the outdoor air temperature rises rapidly during high air humidity PRS,the build-ing envelope temperature heats up much more slower than the indoor air temperature and therefore the wall surface temperature is lower than the indoor air dewpoint which leads to condensation phenomenon,resulting in deterioration of insulation performance,mouldy walls,deterioration of indoor air quality.At present,there is a lack of research on the factors affecting condensation in rural residence during PRS.This paper evaluates the impact of occupants’habit of window opening modes and building construction parameters on the building envelope surface condensation in Changsha during PRS.Using Designer’Simulation Toolkit(DeST)simulated and analysed the impact of key parameters such as window-to-wall ratio,exterior wall reflectivity,window opening mode(open/close),and external wall insulation on the building indoor thermal and humid environment.The condensation risk X is proposed to evaluate the condensation possibility on the building envelope’s inner sur-face.The results show that from the perspective of anti-condensation:The rural residential building in Changsha should balance the window-wall ratio against better natural lighting;Keeping windows closed during PRS can effectively alleviate the condensation problem while the insulation in the external wall layer could aggravate the condensation.
文摘T-2毒素微胶囊是制备虾毒饵料研究该毒素在对虾食品链中传递规律的前提技术,从T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料的性状、包埋率及对虾利用率3个方面对其进行评价。采用微胶囊技术,以复合蛋白制剂为壁材,20 ng T-2毒素和对虾饲料为混合芯材,采用均质和物理加热法使复合蛋白制剂包裹混合心材,再用恒温干燥法使其硬化,形成颗粒状对虾T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料,建立了T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料的制备工艺。采用LC-MS/MS技术检测T-2毒素,普通毒饵料、微胶囊毒饵料抽提水样中T-2的毒素含量分别为2.661、0.654 ng/mL,微胶囊毒饵料的包埋率达96.73%,其利用率是普通毒饵料的1.7倍。研究表明T-2毒素微胶囊毒饵料可以解决对虾口服难溶于水的T-2毒素的问题,并提高了T-2毒素的利用率,为研究T-2毒素对对虾的作用提供技术支撑。
