Roasting is one of the widespread methods for processing of nuts that significantly enhances the flavor,color,texture and appearance of products.In this research,the response surface methodology was used to optimize t...Roasting is one of the widespread methods for processing of nuts that significantly enhances the flavor,color,texture and appearance of products.In this research,the response surface methodology was used to optimize the roasting process over a range of infrared power(250–450 W)and roasting times(10–30 min).The moisture content,color parameters(L*,a*,b*and total color difference(DE)),textural characteristics(hardness and compressive energy),energy consumption and sensory evaluation(total acceptation)were determined after roasting and modeled by response surface methodology(RSM).Increasing in roasting IR power and time caused increasing in the energy consumption,a*,b*and DE values.The L*value,moisture content,hardness and compressive energy also decreased with increasing roasting IR power and time.The full quadratic model developed by RSM adequately described the changes in the b*value,moisture content and hardness.The result of RSM analysis showed that all color and textural parameters could be used to monitor the roasting of peanut kernels in an infrared roaster,while application of RSM for developing a predictive model that described the total acceptance changes during roasting of peanut kernels was not successful.To obtain the desired color,moisture,texture and acceptation,the optimum roasting range for production of snack was determined as 370W for 20 min.展开更多
探究施钙对不同花生荚果发育时期光合碳在植株-土壤系统分配的影响,有利于改善钙肥管理,提升花生产量和土壤有机碳含量。本研究选用普通大花生品种‘花育22’,设置CaO 0、75、150和300 kg hm^(-2)4个施钙梯度,分别记为T0、T1、T2、T3,...探究施钙对不同花生荚果发育时期光合碳在植株-土壤系统分配的影响,有利于改善钙肥管理,提升花生产量和土壤有机碳含量。本研究选用普通大花生品种‘花育22’,设置CaO 0、75、150和300 kg hm^(-2)4个施钙梯度,分别记为T0、T1、T2、T3,于盆栽条件下研究施钙量对花生产量和不同荚果发育时期光合碳在花生植株-土壤系统中分配的影响。结果表明,不同施钙量对花生植株总干物质积累无明显影响。适宜施钙量可显著降低花生千克果数和千克仁数,提升花生出仁率、饱果率和荚果产量,在2018年和2019年,T2处理荚果产量较T0可分别提升17.5%和25.1%。基于施钙量与花生荚果和籽仁产量的拟合分析发现,当钙肥施用量为165 kg hm^(-2)和173 kg hm^(-2)时,可分别获得最高的花生荚果和籽仁产量。适宜施钙量可明显提升鸡咀幼果期和荚果膨大期花生植株光合^(13)C的积累量,提升各荚果发育时期^(13)C在花生籽仁中的分配比例,其中,在荚果定型期和籽仁充实期,T2和T3处理下^(13)C在花生籽仁中的分配比例分别可达33.4%~37.2%和38.7%~40.0%。适宜施钙量还可提高花生植株光合^(13)C在土壤中的分配比例,最高可达52.6%(T2),但随着花生荚果发育进程的推进,此分配比例逐渐降低。综上,适宜施钙量可调控不同花生荚果发育时期光合^(13)C在植株-土壤系统的分配,显著提升花生产量和光合^(13)C在花生籽仁和土壤中的分配比例;本研究条件下,推荐适宜施钙量(CaO)为173 kg hm^(-2)。展开更多
花生是重要的油料作物之一,其籽仁品质直接影响加工特性,是花生品质评价的重要指标。建立花生籽仁品质高通量分析模型,快速高效地对花生籽仁品质进行评价,可显著提高花生育种效率。本研究选用宇花14与LOP215杂交构建的140个RIL家系和35...花生是重要的油料作物之一,其籽仁品质直接影响加工特性,是花生品质评价的重要指标。建立花生籽仁品质高通量分析模型,快速高效地对花生籽仁品质进行评价,可显著提高花生育种效率。本研究选用宇花14与LOP215杂交构建的140个RIL家系和35份其他品系为建模材料,使用Thermo公司生产的AntarisⅡ型傅立叶变换近红外光谱分析仪对175份样品籽仁进行光谱采集。采用索氏提取法测定籽仁含油量,杜马斯定氮法测定蛋白含量,蒽酮比色法测定糖含量,气相色谱法测定脂肪酸含量。利用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)构建花生籽仁含油量、蛋白含量、糖含量以及部分脂肪酸含量的多粒近红外定标模型。选用未参与建模的30份花生样品对该模型进行验证,模型决定系数R~2值均大于0.9000,表明该模型可用于花生籽仁品质性状的分析预测。本研究为花生籽仁品质性状高通量表型分析提供了检测模型。展开更多
基金The authors would like to thank the Agricultural Research Institute of Minodasht(Minodasht,Iran)for providing raw material and Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources for providing the facilities and financial support that make this work possible。
文摘Roasting is one of the widespread methods for processing of nuts that significantly enhances the flavor,color,texture and appearance of products.In this research,the response surface methodology was used to optimize the roasting process over a range of infrared power(250–450 W)and roasting times(10–30 min).The moisture content,color parameters(L*,a*,b*and total color difference(DE)),textural characteristics(hardness and compressive energy),energy consumption and sensory evaluation(total acceptation)were determined after roasting and modeled by response surface methodology(RSM).Increasing in roasting IR power and time caused increasing in the energy consumption,a*,b*and DE values.The L*value,moisture content,hardness and compressive energy also decreased with increasing roasting IR power and time.The full quadratic model developed by RSM adequately described the changes in the b*value,moisture content and hardness.The result of RSM analysis showed that all color and textural parameters could be used to monitor the roasting of peanut kernels in an infrared roaster,while application of RSM for developing a predictive model that described the total acceptance changes during roasting of peanut kernels was not successful.To obtain the desired color,moisture,texture and acceptation,the optimum roasting range for production of snack was determined as 370W for 20 min.
文摘探究施钙对不同花生荚果发育时期光合碳在植株-土壤系统分配的影响,有利于改善钙肥管理,提升花生产量和土壤有机碳含量。本研究选用普通大花生品种‘花育22’,设置CaO 0、75、150和300 kg hm^(-2)4个施钙梯度,分别记为T0、T1、T2、T3,于盆栽条件下研究施钙量对花生产量和不同荚果发育时期光合碳在花生植株-土壤系统中分配的影响。结果表明,不同施钙量对花生植株总干物质积累无明显影响。适宜施钙量可显著降低花生千克果数和千克仁数,提升花生出仁率、饱果率和荚果产量,在2018年和2019年,T2处理荚果产量较T0可分别提升17.5%和25.1%。基于施钙量与花生荚果和籽仁产量的拟合分析发现,当钙肥施用量为165 kg hm^(-2)和173 kg hm^(-2)时,可分别获得最高的花生荚果和籽仁产量。适宜施钙量可明显提升鸡咀幼果期和荚果膨大期花生植株光合^(13)C的积累量,提升各荚果发育时期^(13)C在花生籽仁中的分配比例,其中,在荚果定型期和籽仁充实期,T2和T3处理下^(13)C在花生籽仁中的分配比例分别可达33.4%~37.2%和38.7%~40.0%。适宜施钙量还可提高花生植株光合^(13)C在土壤中的分配比例,最高可达52.6%(T2),但随着花生荚果发育进程的推进,此分配比例逐渐降低。综上,适宜施钙量可调控不同花生荚果发育时期光合^(13)C在植株-土壤系统的分配,显著提升花生产量和光合^(13)C在花生籽仁和土壤中的分配比例;本研究条件下,推荐适宜施钙量(CaO)为173 kg hm^(-2)。
文摘花生是重要的油料作物之一,其籽仁品质直接影响加工特性,是花生品质评价的重要指标。建立花生籽仁品质高通量分析模型,快速高效地对花生籽仁品质进行评价,可显著提高花生育种效率。本研究选用宇花14与LOP215杂交构建的140个RIL家系和35份其他品系为建模材料,使用Thermo公司生产的AntarisⅡ型傅立叶变换近红外光谱分析仪对175份样品籽仁进行光谱采集。采用索氏提取法测定籽仁含油量,杜马斯定氮法测定蛋白含量,蒽酮比色法测定糖含量,气相色谱法测定脂肪酸含量。利用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)构建花生籽仁含油量、蛋白含量、糖含量以及部分脂肪酸含量的多粒近红外定标模型。选用未参与建模的30份花生样品对该模型进行验证,模型决定系数R~2值均大于0.9000,表明该模型可用于花生籽仁品质性状的分析预测。本研究为花生籽仁品质性状高通量表型分析提供了检测模型。
