Influence of peanut skin extract on shelf-life of sheep patties

Objective: To evaluate the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity in vitro of peanut skin extract(PSE) and effect of PSE on characteristics of sheep patties during storage.Methods: PSE phenolic profile was evaluated in LC–MS analysis and by total phenolic content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power. Patties elaborated with sheep meat were packaged in modified atmosphere and storage at(2 ± 1)C. The analyses were performed every 5 days for 20 days on microbial counts, physico-chemical properties, lipid oxidation, protein stability and sensory characteristics.Results: The major group of phenolic compounds in PSE was the proanthocyanidins followed by other flavonoids, which are related to potential phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The addition of PSE and butyl hydroxytoluene(BHT) reduced the microbial counts during the storage time, caused reduction on the loss of redness and sensory properties over time. The lipid and protein oxidation in sheep patties was effectively inhibited by PSE and BHT.Conclusions: The present results showed the potential application of PSE as a natural alternative to replace synthetic antioxidants(BHT) for increasing the quality and extending the shelf-life of sheep patties.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peanut Skin Extracts

Peanut skins are regarded as a low economic value by-product of the peanut industry;however, they contain high levels of bioactive compounds including catechins and procyanidins, which are known for their health-promoting properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity of peanut skin extracts (PSE) has been reported but the associated anti-inflammatory properties have not been widely examined. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PSE on the pro-inflammatory enzyme, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, on its downstream product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and on nitrous oxide (NO) levels. Defatted peanut skins were extracted using two aqueous solvent mixtures (50% acetone and 90% ethanol), in order to compare the effects of the two solvent systems on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. PSE antioxidant activity was determined by the hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) assay, while total phenolics were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and flavan-3-ols and procyanidins were quantified by HPLC. Acetone extracted PSE (A-PSE) exhibited numerically, but not statistically higher H-ORAC and total phenolic values than the ethanol extracted PSE (E-PSE) (1836 μmol Trolox/100 g and 67.9 mg GAE/g, and 1830 μmol Trolox/100 g and 51.8 GAE/g respectively). A-PSE also had higher levels of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins than E-PSE. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) of A-PSE or E-PSE and induced with the inflammatory marker, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 hours. COX-2 protein expression, measured by Western blotting was significantly (p 2 and NO levels measured by ELISA, were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increasing added levels of A-PSE and E-PSE suggesting that A-PSE and E-PSE not also possess similar antioxidant properties, but also exhibit similar anti-inflammatory effects.

Diet with high content of advanced glycation end products induces oxidative stress damage and systemic inflammation in experimental mice: protective effect of peanut skin procyanidins

Non-enzymatic glycation reaction in food can produce diet-derived advanced glycation end products(dAGEs),which have potential health risks.Thus,it is of great significance to find efficient substances to improve the negative effects induced by dAGEs on human health.This study investigated the intervening effects of peanut skin procyanidins(PSP)on the dAGEs-induced oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in experimental mice model.Results showed that the accumulation of AGEs in serum,liver,and kidney was significantly increased after mice were fed dAGEs(P<0.05).The expression of advanced glycation product receptor(RAGE)was also significantly increased in liver and kidney(P<0.05).PSP could not only effectively reduce the accumulation of AGEs in serum,liver and kidney of mice,but also reduce the expression of RAGE in liver and kidney of mice.And the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),and IL-1βin serum of mice were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the levels of antiinflammatory factor IL-10 were increased,and the inflammatory injury in mice was improved.In addition,the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT)in liver and kidney of mice were increased(P<0.05),and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)was decreased(P<0.05),which enhanced the antioxidant capacity of mice in vivo,and improved the oxidative damage of liver and kidney.Molecular docking technique was used to confirm that the parent compound of procyanidins and its main metabolites,such as 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,could interact with RAGE,which might inhibit the activation of nuclear transcription factor(NF-κB),and ultimately reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in mice.

Peanut skin in diet alters average daily gain, ruminal and blood metabolites,and carcass traits associated with Haemonchus contortus infection in meat goats~☆

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tannin-rich peanut skin(PS)supplementation on growth performance,ruminal and blood metabolites,and carcass traits associated with internal parasite infection in meat goats under confined conditions.Twenty-one Kiko crossbred male goats were blocked by body weight(BW)and randomly assigned to one of 3 treatment groups.Experimental diets contained different levels of peanut(Arachis hypogaea)skin replacing alfalfa(Medicago sativa)pellets(ALP)in a control diet.Experimental treatments included:30% ALP(control),15% PS and 15% ALP,and 30% PS.Peanut skin was incorporated in the grain mix portion of the diets.Animals were fed once daily,and the intake was adjusted every 3 to 4 d.Each animal was each artificially infected with 5,000 larvae of the 3 rd stage of barber’s pole worm(Haemonchus contortus).Body weights,dry matter intake(DMI),and fecal samples for fecal egg counts(FEC)were taken at d 0,12,23,and 41.Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected at d 45.The performance period lasted 45 d and at the completion of the study,goats were harvested,and carcass characteristics,abomasal worm counts were measured.The results showed that DMI,BW,carcass traits,and meat color were not affected by PS supplementation,whereas average daily gain(ADG,P<0.01),blood glucose(P<0.001),phosphorus(P<0.05),and cholesterol levels(P<0.001)significantly increased with increasing levels of PS supplementation.There was a linear(P<0.01)reduction in rumen acetate to propionate ratio,ammonia-nitrogen,FEC,and H.contortus worm counts,with increasing levels of PS supplementation.This study shows that PS supplementation up to 30% of the diet can improve ADG and rumen fermentation while reducing gastrointestinal parasite infection in meat goats.

乳酸菌发酵对花生衣抗糖化缓解皮肤衰老功能的影响

糖化会导致晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)形成并在体内积累,引起皮肤衰老。体外实验表明花生衣具有抗糖化作用,乳酸菌发酵能否提升花生衣的抗糖能力尚不清楚。本研究采用体外AGEs生成模型和丙酮醛损伤皮肤成纤维细胞(HSF)模型,从10株乳酸菌中筛出植物乳植杆菌CCFM1354,该菌具有很好的抑制AGEs生成能力,能缓解HSF细胞的糖化损伤。高糖细胞模型实验发现,CCFM1354发酵花生衣能显著降低HSF细胞中BAX和NFKB1的mRNA的相对表达量;D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠实验结果表明,口服植物乳植杆菌CCFM1354发酵花生衣能显著降低小鼠血清AGEs含量,提高小鼠皮肤弹性,改善小鼠皮肤萎缩状况,且效果优于未发酵花生衣。由此可见,植物乳植杆菌CCFM1354发酵能显著提升花生衣的抗糖化功能,缓解皮肤衰老。

基于花生皮的碳量子点的制备及在铜离子检测中的应用

本实验以生物质材料花生皮为原料,采用一步水热法制备荧光碳量子点。对制得的碳量子点分别进行了红外与荧光光谱测试。并对合成条件进行优化,结果发现,在合成温度为140℃、pH值为5的条件下反应6h制得的碳量子点荧光效果最佳。用其检测浓度梯度为1×10^(-6)mol·L^(-1)的Cu^(2+)溶液,有明显的荧光猝灭现象,改变反应体系的pH值,荧光猝灭现象并没有太大的波动,说明反应体系的pH值变化并不影响二者的相互作用。碳量子点溶液与Cu^(2+)溶液在12min后荧光强度基本不变,表明二者相互作用基本完成。该方法合成碳量子点绿色环保、原料丰富,符合当代环保、可持续发展的理念,具有广阔的前景。

花生红衣对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究花生红衣对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清抗氧化指标的影响。选取体况相近、产蛋率相近的56周龄海兰褐蛋鸡4000只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复500只蛋鸡,预试期7 d,正式试验期45 d。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验组使用3%花生红衣替代基础日粮中部分原料。结果显示,试验45 d时,试验组蛋鸡产蛋率比对照组高1.40%;试验期内试验组破蛋率呈下降趋势,试验结束时比对照组降低1.01%(P<0.05);整个试验期内,试验组料蛋比与对照组相比略有降低。试验组蛋黄颜色比对照组加深(P<0.05),试验45 d时,蛋黄罗氏色级高于对照组2.22个色级,提高29.80%(P<0.05);试验组蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度均出现增强趋势。试验结束时,试验组蛋鸡血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性分别比对照组提高13.68%和6.83%(P<0.05);总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别比对照组提高56.45%和41.10%(P<0.05);血清中MDA含量比对照组降低27.70%(P<0.05)。研究表明,花生红衣可作为蛋鸡饲料原料使用,可以提高蛋鸡的生产性能,改善蛋品质。

乳酸菌发酵花生红衣饮料研究

花生红衣富含原花青素等有益健康成分,但口感苦涩,限制了其在食品中的应用。乳酸菌发酵能显著改善花生红衣口感,发酵后的花生红衣饮料富含原花青素和益生菌等有益成分,酸甜适口、风味独特。本研究采用乳酸菌发酵花生红衣提取物,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化了发酵工艺条件。试验结果显示,较优的发酵条件为料液比1:130、乳酸菌添加量为0.79%、白糖添加量为11.0%,pH值为6.32±0.04,发酵时间为8.4h,发酵液的感官评分为97.00±0.76。该研究首次利用乳酸菌发酵花生红衣饮料,为提高花生红衣的利用率、拓宽其应用范围提供了技术支持。

超声波辅助提取花生红衣工艺优化及抗菌抗氧化性能研究

花生红衣中含有多种多酚化合物,为进一步提高花生红衣的提取效率,优化其提取工艺,采用固-液提取技术(超声辅助)提取花生红衣提取物,使用响应面法优化了花生红衣的提取条件,并通过分析该提取物的主要化学成分,测定其最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及抗菌效果。实验结果表明,花生红衣提取最佳工艺参数分别为超声时间40 min,超声温度60℃,料液比值为0.05 g/mL,乙醇体积分数为80%时,花生红衣提取物总酚含量为137 mg/g。花生红衣中主要活性化学成分为百里香酚与儿茶素,质量/电荷比(m/e)分别为7962.537与2607.77。花生红衣提取物对4种细菌的抑菌效果依次为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(1.4 mg/mL)>金黄色葡萄球菌(1.4 mg/mL)>大肠杆菌(2.8 mg/mL)>单增李氏特菌(2.8 mg/mL)[以最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)计]。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术研究花生红衣多酚抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制

为研究花生红衣多酚抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制,该研究利用网络药理学和分子对接技术进行了活性成分、靶点及通路预测。通过TCMSP平台和文献搜索获得花生红衣多酚的活性成分,利用相关数据库获得花生红衣多酚活性成分和动脉粥样硬化的相关靶点;采用DAVID平台进行GO和KEGG富集分析,并通过Cytoscape软件,构建“花生红衣酚类活性成分-作用靶点-通路”网络图;最后,采用AutoDockTools软件对活性成分与核心靶点进行分子对接。筛选得到山奈酚、表儿茶素、漆黄素、儿茶素、木犀草素、槲皮素、原花青素B1、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等13个花生红衣多酚活性成分和丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶调节亚基1、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1、表皮生长因子受体(epithelial growth factor receptor,EGFR)、肿瘤蛋白p53等65个核心靶点。花生红衣多酚发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用主要涉及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路信号、脂质与动脉粥样硬化、流体剪切应力和动脉粥样硬化、白细胞介素-17信号通路和EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂通路。分子对接结果表明,花生红衣多酚的主要活性成分与关键靶点均能稳定结合。花生红衣多酚通过多成分、多靶点、多通路干预脂质代谢、炎症、细胞增殖和凋亡等多个生理过程而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用,从而为花生红衣抗动脉粥样硬化功能健康食品的开发利用提供理论依据。

樱桃大枣花生红衣补铁果冻的生产工艺研究

目的:以樱桃果浆、花生红衣、大枣为主要原料,研制一款补铁果冻。方法:以感官评分和果冻硬度为指标,以果浆含量、复配胶添加量和白砂糖添加量为因素,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定樱桃补铁果冻的最佳生产工艺。结果:樱桃补铁果冻的最佳配方为樱桃混合果浆(樱桃果浆∶大枣=9∶1)30%、复配胶(卡拉胶∶魔芋胶∶黄原胶∶CMC-Na=1.0∶1.2∶0.3∶0.8)1.2%、白砂糖16%。结论:研制的补铁果冻色泽红润,口感协调且富有弹性,丰富了果冻的品种。

花生衣红抗氧化活性的研究

花生衣是花生产品的副产物,经济价值低,但是含有大量的多酚物质.作者研究了从花生衣中提取的红色素对超氧阴离子(O2-.)、羟自由基(OH.)的清除作用及其对脂质过氧化物的阻抑作用.实验结果表明,花生衣红色素对超氧阴离子(O2-.)、羟自由基(OH.)有不同程度的清除作用,对脂质过氧化有明显的抑制,且呈剂量依赖关系.

膜分离技术纯化花生衣中的原花色素

以花生衣的原花色素提取液为原料,研究不同孔径的膜组件(NF-500、HPS-1、PS-5、PS-10)纯化原花色素提取液的效果。确定最佳纯化效果的膜组件,以及其不同操作压力、操作温度对纯化花生衣中原花色素得率和纯度的影响。结果表明:最佳纯化膜组件为HPS-1超滤组件,其操作压力0.54MPa,操作温度25℃,在此条件下,原花色素得率13.3%、纯度85.8%。

乙醇提取花生红衣多酚物质的研究

花生红衣因含有抗氧化性的多酚物质,因此具有很高的营养价值和利用价值,但在我国的花生加工生产中其利用率却不高。利用乙醇作为提取溶剂,从花生红衣中提取多酚物质,并用酒石酸亚铁分光光度法测定多酚含量。通过单因素试验考察了乙醇浓度、水浴温度、提取时间、料液比的影响,通过正交试验的设计分析,确定了粗提多酚物质的最佳工艺:乙醇浓度55%,水浴温度60℃,提取时间0.5 h,料液比1∶37.5。

微波辅助提取花生衣原花色素工艺优化

探索花生衣原花色素微波辅助提取的最佳条件,在单因素试验的基础上,应用响应面法优化花生衣中原花色素的提取条件;研究发现料液比和萃取温度对花生衣原花色素的提取率都有显著影响,且非线性关系,最佳提取工艺参数为微波输出功率600W、乙醇体积分数40%、料液比1:24.5、提取时间91s、提取温度40℃。在此条件下原花色素的提取率为12.59%。表明响应面法对花生衣原花色素提取条件的优化是可行的,得到的原花色素提取条件具有实际应用价值。

大孔树脂纯化黑花生衣色素的研究

以绵新2号黑花生为材料,采用静态吸附和动态吸附法,筛选出对黑花生衣色素吸附和洗脱性能好的大孔树脂,并探讨了大孔树脂纯化黑花生衣色素的工艺条件.结果表明,非极性和弱极性大孔树脂对黑花生衣色素吸附效果较好,其中,HP20大孔树脂对黑花生衣色素的比上柱量、比吸附量和比洗脱量均明显高于其他几种供试大孔树脂.当上样液的pH值为1,上样液花色苷浓度为10 mg/L,吸附温度为20℃时,HP20大孔树脂对黑花生衣色素的吸附率较高.采用80%乙醇作为洗脱剂,用量为14倍柱床体积即达到较好的解吸效果.

花生红衣多酚类物质的制备及其抗氧化活性研究进展

花生红衣是花生加工过程中的廉价副产品,含有丰富的酚类物质,具有良好的抗氧化活性。本文在对花生红衣多酚文献分析统计的基础上,综述了花生红衣多酚类物质水提法、有机溶剂提取法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、酶辅助提取法和闪式提取法等制备方法,有机溶剂萃取法、大孔树脂分离法和膜分离法等分离纯化方法及组分分析方法,抗氧化活性评价方法以及其在食品工业中的应用,并对其研究中的重点和存在的问题进行了总结和展望。

花生红衣乙醇和水提取物的抗氧化性与抑菌活性比较研究

采用乙醇和水做溶剂提取花生红衣,并对得到的花生红衣提取物进行猪油的抗氧化性考察,对食品中常见污染菌的抗菌活性研究。结果表明:两种花生红衣提取物均可以明显的降低猪油的过氧化值,延缓猪油的氧化,当花生红衣乙醇提取物加入量为0.8‰效果最好;且抗氧化性具有剂量依赖性。两种花生红衣提取物抑菌作用均显著,其抗菌活性随着剂量增加而增强;花生红衣乙醇提取物对细菌和真菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC)分别为0.44‰和0.62‰,花生红衣水提取物对细菌和真菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC)分别为0.38‰和0.56‰。

花生红衣原花青素稳定性研究

以葡萄籽原花青素为参照,研究20%乙醇花生红衣原花青素纯化物的水溶性和光照、温度、pH、金属离子及常见食品添加剂对其稳定性的影响。结果表明:花生红衣原花青素比市售葡萄籽原花青素溶解度高8.75个百分点,水溶性优越;花生红衣原花青素受光照影响小,在弱酸性条件下稳定,但对高温敏感,碱性环境不稳定,易与Cu^(2+)、Fe^(2+)和Fe^(3+)发生络合反应生成絮状沉淀,可与除苯甲酸钠外的常用食品添加剂共存,且较葡萄籽原花青素更加稳定。

水作溶剂提取花生红衣多酚物质的研究

花生红衣因其含有抗氧化性的多酚物质是一种营养价值和利用价值都很高的物质,但在我国的花生加工生产当中其利用率却不高。本文主要利用水作为提取溶剂,从花生红衣中提取多酚物质,并用酒石酸亚铁紫外分光光度法测定多酚含量。通过单因素试验考察了提取温度、提取时间、液料比的影响,通过正交实验的设计分析,确定了粗提多酚物质的最佳工艺:水浴温度40℃,液料比75,提取时间1h。