2BHS-2型花生大垄双行播种机的设计

辽宁地区的花生多采用垄作覆膜播种模式。研制为该技术模式配套的2BHS-2型花生大垄双行播种机,介绍整机结构,阐述工作原理,详细说明关键部件的设计,并对机具性能进行评定,以此来为辽宁花生的覆膜播种作业提供装备支持。

基于集成电路的花生精量播种机电气系统设计

传统的精量播种机为机械式播种机,播种精度低、控制手段落后,同时播种过程容易出现播种深度过深、播种间距不均及作业过程不可视等问题。为解决这一难题,深入研究集成电路技术,将集成电路应用在花生精量播种机的电气系统中,完成了基于集成电路的花生精量播种机的电气系统设计。同时,综合应用单片机、传感器、步进电机等集成设备,通过对单片机模块、测速模块、步进电机驱动模块及压力采集模块显示模块等进行硬件选型和电路原理设计,利用触摸屏完成对精量播种机的精确控制,从而实现对花生精量播种机的远程控制和实时状态监测。试验结果表明:基于集成电路的花生精量播种机具有较稳定的电气系统,播种精度高、播种间距均匀,可全程对播种过程进行监控,具有较大的推广价值。

基于EDEM的不同品种花生种子填充特性仿真与试验

由于河南省种植的主要花生品种尺寸差异性较大,导致在同一排种器内排种合格率差异性较大,适应性较差,需要对不同品种花生种子在内充种式排种器中的填充特性和排种最佳转速进行研究。以豫花37、豫花65和豫花9326为试验研究对象,测量种子的三轴尺寸,并计算分析其均径、变异系数和球度等主要参数的差异与分布情况。运用EDEM软件对不同品种花生种子在内充种式排种器的填充特性进行模拟仿真试验,并对其试验结果进行分析。试验结果表明,豫花37、豫花65在排种器转速为25 r/min时双粒率最高,填充性能最好,双粒率分别达到83.89%、89.56%;豫花9326在排种器转速为15 r/min时双粒率最高,填充性能最好,双粒率为81.99%。对豫花37号、豫花65号和豫花9326号花生种子在最佳排种转速条件下进行验证试验,结果表明,排种双粒率分别为84.31%、89.75%和82.17%,与仿真结果最大误差为0.42个百分点。该研究利用仿真试验对不同品种的花生种子在不同转速条件下进行试验,确定了最佳转速参数,通过对最佳参数进行验证试验并与仿真试验结果进行对比,在相同条件下两者之间最大误差为0.42个百分点,说明仿真试验可用于对排种器参数的设计与优化,提高其研发和研究进度,降低加工制造成本。同时,针对不同品种的花生种子应进行不同转速调整,以提高播种的质量。

Improving uniform scattering device for straw-smashing,back-throwing,no-tillage planter under complete straw mulching condition

With the objective of obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,when no-tillage mechanical sowing is implemented with straw smashing,delivering,and back-throwing approaches,it may be difficult to scatter the smashed straw uniformly during a succeeding wheat sowing step.This is because the previous rice straw is substantial in quantity and has a high humidity and toughness,which may easily result in non-uniform straw mulching and thus sparse and weak seedlings of wheat.Therefore a force-dispersing and uniform-scattering device was designed.With the number of scattering impellers,impeller angle,and impeller rotation speed as the main factors and the percentage of pass for the scattering width and non-uniformity of the straw mulching as the assessment indices,single-factor experiments and orthogonal regressive tests were performed,and a dual-index(percentage of pass for the scattering width and non-uniformity of the straw mulching)fitted regression equation was established.The test results suggested that the main factors(from primary to secondary)that influence the indices were the impeller rotation speed,number of scattering impellers,and impeller angle.The optimal parameter combination for the uniform scattering device was four rows of impellers with an angle of 15°,rotation speed of 1015 r/min,percentage of pass of 72.65%for the scattering width,and a non-uniformity of 13.8%in the straw mulching.This combination can be used to realize a uniform scattering of the smashed straw along the seedling rows on the after-sowing ground.According to the field investigation of the wheat growth,the wheat emergence rate was 90.7%.The research results can provide a reference for improving the uniform scattering device for a straw-smashing,back-throwing,no-tillage planter for obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,enhancing the quality of the machinery operation,and ensuring good and strong seedlings after sowing.

Stalk cutting mechanism of no-tillage planter for wide/narrow row farming mode

A no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing was designed according to the agronomic requirements of wide/narrow row farming mode in the black soil region of Northeast China.Due to the narrow spacing of the seeder unit,a gear-tooth stalk cutting mechanism was designed in order to prevent residues from blocking the planter.The basic parameters,number and edge curve of the stalk cutting blade were designed and optimized.Three-factor and three-level combined orthogonal experiments were conducted using the factors of working speed(1.12 m/s,1.57 m/s and 2.02 m/s),tillage depth(75 mm,90 mm and 105 mm)and cutter spacing(15 mm,30 mm and 45 mm),which significantly affected stalk cutting rate and soil disturbance rate.The optimal combination is the working speed of 1.62 m/s,tillage depth of 92 mm and cutter spacing of 35 mm.Under this condition,the stalk cutting rate is more than 90%and soil disturbance rate is 7.5%-12.0%.The performance of the new no-tillage planter was tested by using the above parameters.The results showed that the no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing came up to the relevant national standards in China.

Design of motor-driven precision seed-metering device with improved fuzzy PID controller for small peanut planters

Traditional passive ground wheel drive of peanut planters has displayed poor high-speed seeding performance and the slippage caused in case of sticky and wet soil.Given this,an integrated electric-driven precision seed metering device and controller were designed,which features the application of improved fuzzy PID algorithm.Based on a small peanut planter with one ridge width and duplicate rows,the servo motor drive is used to replace the traditional passive ground wheel.In addition,the satellite speed measurement is employed to complete the electric driving and controlling modification of the seed meter and precise seeding control.A working process mathematical model for the peanut metering device was established to conduct motor speed and field tests which aim at comparing performances between the conventional and the improved fuzzy PID controls.The motor speed trial shows that the average error of the actual speed of the improved fuzzy PID motor was±1 rad/min,and the coefficient of variation was less than 1%.Against the conventional one,it can better suppress overshoot and improve the response speed.The stable output speed can still be obtained even in case of step changes.Field tests show that when working at medium and low speeds,the qualified rate of plant spacing was greater than 98%,and the rate of missed sowing is<2%;while working at high speed,the qualified rate was greater than 94%,and the rate of missed sowing was less than 4%.The average plant spacing qualification rate of the seed device increased by 6.72%;compared with other electric-driven peanut seed meters,the plant spacing qualification rate increased by 4%during high-speed sowing.In summary,this study has provided an effective technical reference for high-speed precision planting of peanuts.

Optimization and experiment on key structural parameters of no-tillage planter with straw-smashing and strip-mulching

Accelerate the quality of smashed-straw laying and enhance the effect of seed-bed arranging for no-tillage planter with straw-smashing and strip-mulching in full stubble covered paddy have become imperative in implementing modern conservation tillage.Considering the perfect operating performance(passability and stability)of the developed no-tillageplanter,this study intends to optimize the structure design of smashed-straw diversion device and strip-rotary tillage device.Dynamics equations of smashed straw and kinematics models of rotary blades were established through theoretical analysis,and the principal factors that affecting straw strip-laying quality and seed-bed arranging effect were specified.The influence of out-enlarge angle(η)and slide-push angle(γ)of the diversion device on the coefficient of variation(ζ1)of cover-straw width,and the influence of rotary tillage-blade number(N)and configuration in a singlerotary plane on the broken rate(ζ2)of strip soil were completely analyzed.And then,based on the systematic analysis and integrated scheme,operating performance and field verification tests using the optimized no-tillage planter were thoroughly performed.The results of the performance tests indicated that the out-enlarge angle(η)had a highly significant influence on the coefficient of variation(ζ1),and the slide-push angle(γ)had a significant influence on(ζ1).The rotary tillage-blade number(N)had a highly significant influence on the broken rate(ζ2),and the slide-push angle(γ)had a significant influence on(ζ2).The obtained optimal combination of these key structure parameters through comprehensive analysis wasη=45°,γ=40°,and N=4.Field verification test results indicated that the optimized no-tillage planter achieved mean values of ζ1=10.47%and ζ2=90.95%,which satisfied the relevant operation quality and cultivation agricultural requirement of conservation tillage equipment,and provided technical references for developing the similar no-tillage planter of straw crushing and returning.

Friction wheel transmission of no-tillage corn planters

To overcome the unfavorable factors of ground wheel-driven chain transmission when a no-tillage planter operates on straw mulching fields,a friction wheel transmission based on ground wheel transmission was designed in this research.The stability,i.e.,the effects of friction wheel tyre pressure on stability of machine transmission was investigated via validation of main factors.The relationships among tyre pressure,deformation and load were determined via theoretical analysis.The tyre pressure extreme for transmission is 25.90 psi,the maximum pressure imposed on the friction wheel tyre is 14 kN,the maximum deformation of friction wheel is 8.7 mm.The stabilities of friction wheel slip rate and seeding distance were investigated via field tests and alteration of friction wheel tyre pressure.After processing the test data,it can be found that the minimum tyre pressure for acquisition of friction wheel slip rate was 24.35 psi.After processing the data of seeding distance,it can be validated that the tyre pressure was kept unchanged following the optimal transmission effect of the transmission through the abrupt change of working speed,which further proved the feasibility of the new friction wheel transmission.The transmission of friction wheel can reduce 14.67%in variation coefficient of seed spacing at the speed of 5 km/h,and 16.22%at the speed of 8 km/h.

“洁区播种”思路下麦茬全秸秆覆盖地花生免耕播种机研制

针对黄淮海花生主产区常规机播多种机具多次下田、生产成本高问题,以及传统免耕播种不适宜全秸秆覆盖地作业,存在缠绕壅堵、架种、晾种问题,研制了基于"洁区播种"思路的麦茬全秸秆覆盖地花生免耕播种机。该机配套75 k W以上拖拉机,作业幅宽2 400 mm,可一次完成碎秸清秸、苗床整理、施肥播种、均匀覆秸,整个施肥、播种、覆土作业在无秸秆影响、相对"洁净"的区域内完成,纯生产率大于0.53 hm2/h,适宜麦收后秸秆未作任何处理的全秸秆覆盖地。田间试验及测产表明,该机作业顺畅、可靠、播种质量高,作业后麦秸秆平均长度115 mm,秸秆覆盖均匀率83%,播种施肥平均深度分别为46和59 mm,合格率分别达到98%和89%,每公顷产量约为5 749.5 kg,各项作业指标均符合主产区花生生产要求。该研究提出的"洁区播种"思路亦可实现全秸秆覆盖地免耕播种小麦、玉米、大豆等不同旱地作物,为推进机械化秸秆禁烧提供了适宜装备。

2BQHM-2型花生覆膜穴播机的设计与试验

【目的】较好地实现花生膜上成穴、播种作业.【方法】针对花生覆膜穴播机存在的技术问题,进行2BQHM-2型气吸式花生覆膜穴播机优化设计与制造;对其关键工作部件结构及作业参数进行理论分析,然后利用UG设计分析软件完成组成部件的优化设计;通过虚拟样机技术对该机进行虚拟装配,并对成穴过程进行运动仿真分析,检验各组成部件设计的合理性及使用效果.【结果和结论】典型地区花生垄作覆膜播种田间作业性能试验表明,该机工作性能较为稳定,各部件作业顺畅,各项作业指标均能较好地达到技术要求,其作业效果与虚拟仿真测试结果相符,研究结果为覆膜穴播机的进一步优化设计提供了理论依据及技术参考.

2BFD-2C型花生覆膜播种机的设计

针对我国北方垄作花生种植模式的特点,开发设计了2BFD-2C型花生覆膜播种机。该播种机主要由机架、悬挂装置、排肥系统、排种系统、起垄装置、传动系统、喷药系统、覆膜装置及膜上覆土装置等组成,一次完成施肥、播种、起垄、覆膜、膜上覆土、镇压以及喷洒除草剂等作业,机具结构精简化设计,大大降低了制造成本。田间试验结果表明:播种机双穴率达到96%,作业质量符合花生种植的农艺要求,为我国垄作花生种植提供了技术支持。

花生播种机仿形机构的运动仿真分析——基于UG

仿形机构是播种机的重要工作机构,仿行机构工作性能的好坏直接影响到播种深度的稳定性。利用UG软件的运动仿真模块对花生播种机仿形机构进行运动学的分析,通过运动仿真动画来观察仿行机构的运动过程,利用开沟器运动轨迹曲线来研究仿形机构的运动规律,并分析影响仿行误差的相关因素,以此来验证仿形机构设计的合理性及优化的方法。

国内花生铺膜播种机具的发展现状分析

花生是我国主要的油料作物之一,机械化播种是实现其机械化生产的关键环节。当前,花生播种机具多采用机械化覆膜播种技术,按铺膜、播种先后不同可分为先播种后铺膜的膜下播种铺膜机及先铺膜后播种的膜上打穴铺膜播种机。典型机型主要有先播种后铺膜式的青岛万农达2BFD-2B(C)型多功能花生覆膜播种机等,该类机具具有保墒节水性好,工作效率高等优点,但小苗出膜需人工辅助;先覆膜后播种式的有河北2BMHF-2型多功能覆膜播种机等,该类机具有效地解决了前者需人工放苗的缺点,节约了工时,但其存在作业效率低、可靠性差、膜上打穴、播种均存在较多的问题。因此,在分析现有播种机具存在问题的基础上,进一步研发新型苗带覆土技术、膜上打穴及播种技术,以提高机具播种精度、质量及出苗效果。

红壤丘陵区小型花生播种机的设计和试验研究

根据江西红壤丘陵区花生种植的特点，设计了以4～6 kW柴油机为动力，采用窝眼轮式排种器、链条传动的小型花生播种机。通过室内和田间性能测试，该播种机的播种行距、株距、播种深度、漏播率、种子破碎率等技术指标基本上能满足花生播种的要求。

2BHL-4型花生起垄播种机的研制

按照花生控制下针丰产栽培技术新的农艺要求 ,设计了全悬挂花生起垄播种机。论述了该机的工作过程。

全量秸秆条件下花生免耕播种机的设计与试验

针对河南省夏花生播种前地块上存在大量的麦茬和秸秆的现状,设计了一种全量秸秆条件下花生免耕播种机,主要由破茬装置、施肥装置、覆土装置、播种装置和镇压装置等几部分组成,可一次性完成破茬清茬、同位施肥、精量播种及镇压覆土等作业。田间试验表明:机器麦茬和秸秆清理效果良好,播后秸秆覆盖均匀,且各项指标满足播种基本要求,可以满足保护性耕作技术的发展需要。

2BFD-4型花生覆膜播种机的设计与试验(英文)

根据中国北方地区花生垄作覆膜播种的特点,为提高花生播种机工作效率,改善作业质量,研制了 2BFD-4 型花生覆膜播种机。该播种机突破了一垄两行的播种模式,增加了排种单体和仿形机构,解决了单体运动干涉与仿形问题,实现了宽幅花生播种。对排种器与开沟器结构进行了优化,提高播种和开沟性能。整机结构紧凑,性能可靠,作业效率高,覆膜平整。经田间试验表明:该播种机播种质量较好,空穴率为 0.58%,重播率为 1.75%,种子破碎率为 0.37%,穴粒数合格率为95.03%,种肥垂直间距为 41.52 mm,出苗率为 88.33%,各项指标均达到了相关标准,可以适应中国目前北方花生机械化的发展要求。

太阳能充电式多功能花生覆膜播种机的研究

我国是世界上最大的花生出口国之一,但存在花生播种机械装置机械化水平低、装备适应性差、农机农艺脱节等问题。为此,进行了太阳能充电式小型多功能覆膜花生播种机的研究。该装置采用太阳能电池板实现储能作为播种机的输出动力,利用曲柄滑块机构构建插播播种装置,实现播种的精量控制。试验表明,样机能够一次性完成施肥、喷药、覆膜、覆土盖膜等多种作业,空穴率0%。该产品的多项参数可调,还可以更换作业器具用于其它农作物的播种,具有很好的市场前景,极具推广价值。

基于高垄种植的花生播种施肥机设计与试验

起垄栽培因其能提高地温、增加土壤透气性、促进植物根系生长发育及增加产量,已得到广大农户的认可和采用,但起垄播种装备有待进一步完善。为此,研制了一种基于高垄种植的花生播种施肥机,主要由旋耕机、起垄装置、机架、播种、施肥、喷药和覆膜装置等部分组成,可一次性完成起垄、施肥、播种、喷药、覆膜及压膜等作业,并有效解决了起垄高度不够、起垄质量不佳的问题,有利于花生的增产增收。田间试验结果表明:起垄成功率达到98%,作业质量符合花生种植的农艺要求,为我国垄作花生种植提供了技术支持。

膜上苗带覆土装置设计与试验研究

在花生机械化播种过程中,膜上苗带覆土的性能直接影响到播种的质量,进而影响到花生的产量。该文基于2BFD—2C型花生覆膜播种机,根据花生种植农艺要求和膜上苗带覆土的技术要求,设计了膜上苗带覆土装置。该装置主要由覆土圆盘、覆土滚筒、漏土缝隙、挡土板和导土板等组成,可一次性完成覆土压膜,横向送土,膜上覆土形成筑土带等作业。该文通过试验确定了各零部件的形式和最优结构参数,进一步提高了播种效率和播种质量,为多功能花生覆膜播种机的膜上苗带覆土装置的设计与应用奠定了一定的理论基础。