数字技术采纳、线上消费习惯与农户消费结构升级——来自CFPS 2014—2020年面板数据的实证研究

数字技术正日益成为撬动农户消费升级、助力乡村振兴、实现农业农村现代化的重要抓手。基于2014—2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),实证分析农户数字技术采纳对消费结构升级的影响。研究结果表明:首先,农户数字技术采纳能够促进农户消费结构升级,该结论经过内生性处理及稳健性检验后仍然成立。其次,异质性分析发现,处于中等及中低消费层次,位于东、西部地区,拥有高频次家庭内部交流的农户,其数字技术采纳的消费结构升级作用更强。最后,机制分析表明,农户采纳数字技术通过培养并深化农户的线上消费习惯来提升消费结构。因此,应从家庭内外双维度多途径提高农户数字技术采纳意愿;开展消费教育活动向农户传递有益的消费理念;积极引导和推动农村电商发展的同时探索农村物流配送新模式。

非农就业、社会资本对农户农机租赁与雇工支出的影响研究——基于CFPS2018数据的实证分析

随着我国农村优质劳动力的大量外流,农业劳动力稀缺和老龄化问题日渐突出,租赁农机和农业雇工成为克服农户家庭劳动力约束的有效途径。同时,中国乡土社会普遍存在的以血缘和地缘为纽带的社会资本也可能影响农户的农机租赁和雇工支出。该文利用2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,实证研究非农就业、社会资本对农户农机租赁和雇工支出的影响。研究表明,非农就业能够促进农户农机租赁行为,但会减少其雇工支出,而社会资本则会同时提高农户农机租赁与雇工支出。因此,应努力提高农机服务效率,设立农业雇工平台,构建多层次、多元化农机服务体系,缓解非农就业引致的农地弃耕撂荒问题,实现农户与现代农业的有机衔接。

Peasant Household Oriented Land Circulation from the Perspective of State Governance

Based on the state governance background of peasant household oriented land circulation,I analyzed characteristics of peasant household oriented land circulation.The characteristics mainly include uncertain definition of rural land circulation,significant off-media feature of land circulation,long-term land circulation contract,farmers' preference of peasant household oriented land circulation,and progressive path of land circulation.The essential feature is the progressive mode of land circulation.Under the existing property right,it realizes the perfect combination of modern production factors and traditional agricultural,and the combination of traditional family safeguarding function and modern social mutual growth spirit.Thus,it shows relative independence and manifests the idea of common prosperity.The opportunity cost of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal,institutional cost will increase circulation risk,and what's more,the cost for state governance of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal.It comes to conclusion that building proper and harmonious land circulation mechanism is responsibility of central government and favorable for healthy development of peasant household oriented land circulation.

人口老龄化对农户创业的影响——基于CLDS 2016年数据的实证分析

基于人口老龄化的视角,以农户创业为研究对象,利用中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2016年的数据,构建Logit回归模型,并引入对农户创业有重要影响的外出务工意愿和互联网使用2个关键变量分别作为中介变量和调节变量,探寻人口老龄化对农户创业的影响及其影响机制。结果表明,人口老龄化会显著抑制农户创业,也会抑制农户家庭户主的外出务工意愿,外出务工意愿在人口老龄化与农户创业之间存在部分中介作用,互联网使用在人口老龄化与农户创业之间存在调节作用,使用互联网弱化了老龄化对农户创业的抑制作用,通过更换实证模型和缩小样本进行稳健性检验之后,结论仍然成立。通过分群体、分教育层次和社会网络水平进行异质性分析发现,人口老龄化对农户创业的抑制作用在不同教育层次、不同社会网络水平下存在异质性。为此,要强化农村网络建设,鼓励更多的外出务工者返乡入乡留乡就业创业,为乡村振兴提供人才支撑,共同建设美丽富饶的幸福乡村。

The Analysis of the Basic features of Peasant Households with Different Income levels——A Case of 259 Peasant Households in Three Villages of Hebei Province,China

According to the urban and rural income levels and the national poverty line,peasant households are classified into poor households,middle-income households and wealthy households.Based on the investigation data of 259 peasant households in three villages of Hebei Province,the features of family structure,economy,ideology and communication of peasant households with different income levels in current status are analyzed.The result shows that there are great differences in family structure,ideology,economy and communication of peasant households with different income levels.The low-income households are featured by unreasonable family structure,heavy burden,conservative behavior and blocking information.While the middle and high income households are good at communicating and willing to take risk and armed with high skills.Based on this,relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the development of peasant households,such as optimizing family structure,cultivating the capacity of the core numbers of the family,guiding households to choose a suitable development path,encouraging farmers to work out,ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers,flourishing rural culture,and setting up good platform for the communication of households.

Investigation on the Concurrent-Business Behavior of Peasant Households during the Planting Structure Adjustment in Karst Mountainous Area

Based on the survey data of 150 peasant households in typical Karst mountainous area in the year 2009, causations, characteristics and influence factors of the concurrent-business behavior of peasant households during planting structure adjustment are analyzed. Result shows that there is significant positive correlation between the concurrent-business income and the household income of farmers. And the concurrent-business behavior has the tendency to be popular among the young farmers with the characteristics of relative concentration, strong will of farmers and the significant impact of education degree on the concurrent-business income. Information, capital, skill, and market awareness are the main factors affecting the concurrent-business behavior of peasant households. Countermeasures to optimize the concurrent-business behavior of peasant households are put forward, such as strengthening the skills training for farmers to improve the cultural quality of peasant households, establishing modern rural financial service system to offer capital support for the development of peasant households, setting up information base of rural labor force to provide more information and channels for the concurrent-business behavior of peasant households, and enhancing the cultivation of farmers' market awareness to improve their ability to adapt to market economy.

Peasant Household, Government and Genetically Modified Crops --Statistic Analyses on Peasant＇ s Intentions of Planting Genetically Modified Crops in China

The paper analyzes the questionnaire on the peasant＇s intentions of planting genetically modified crops in China, points out the culture education level and the cognition level differences of the inquisition sample, designs four set questions on the intentions of planting genetically modified crops, explains the relationship between peasant＇s planting intentions and their main income sources and relative income levels, and studies what government should do in planting genetically modified crops from the peasants＇ point of view. The author makes appro]ariate comments on the subject.

Research on Reclaimed Land Quality Based on Peasant Households' Behaviors——A Case of the Reclaimed Land in Liuxin Country,Xuzhou,China

The quality of reclaimed land not only relates to the way of reclamation,but also has close relations to farmers' living standard and households' behaviors.Taking the farmland in the reclamation region of the Liuxin County,Tongshan Town,Xuzhou as the survey objects,we conduct a survey on peasant households in the reclamation region by the way of questionnaire.The data collected from the survey are analyzed by using scientific statistical methods,including SPSS software and Excel.The results show that in the investigation of peasant households' perceptual knowledge towards the quality of reclaimed land,42.5% of them holds the satisfactory and extremely satisfactory attitudes,which take relatively high percentage.As a result of the increase of non-agricultural income,6% of peasant households are indifferent to the quality of the reclaimed land.During the investigation of peasant households' rational knowledge towards the quality of the reclaimed land,the nitrogen content and organic content in soil filled by pulverized fuel ash are significantly lower than that in the soil filled by coal gangue and that in soil in the contrast area.The current production and planting pattern of peasant households has not improved the quality of farmland in the reclaimed area effectively and most peasant households still use the traditional way of cultivating.Hence,it is necessary to strengthen the guide on the thought patterns of peasant households,to cultivate scientifically and to enhance the quality of reclaimed farmland.The yields of the reclaimed farmland are low in the primary year,but with the increases of input and the restoration of the land,the annual yields will increase gradually,and gradually approaches to the usual yields.Based on it,the corresponding countermeasures are put forward:for one thing,improving soil alkalescency and enhancing soil fertility;for another thing,attaching much attention to technological directions,scientific cultivation and carry out the standards of reclamation strictly.

Willingness of Rural Households in Mountainous Areas towards Land Transfer——A Case of Beiliang Village, Wuxiang County, Shanxi Province

In this paper, the Beiliang Village, Wuxiang County of Shanxi Province is chosen as the study object. The methods investigation and interview are applied. And then the status quo of land transfer is analyzed from the aspects of private land transfer, the form of land transference, the land transfer fee, the contracts of the land transfer and farmers' knowledge on land transfer law and so on. Through the investigation and research on peasant households' willingness towards land transfer and the factors that affect the land transfer, the willingness of farmers' land transfer in recent years are transferred. Farmers' land transfer willingness in recent years is clear. On the strength of the analysis, the scientific basis for the reasonable transfer of land in mountainous areas is put forward for optimizing the land distribution and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of rural economy. The countermeasures aim at accelerating land transfer, increasing farmers' income; stringing the development of rural education, increasing the support on three agricultural problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, and standardizing the rural land transfer behaviors are put forwarded as well.

Innovation Guides the Global Household Electrical Appliance Industry——an exclusive interview with Haier's Vice-president, Yu Zida

As we know, PACT (President's Advisory Committee on Future Technology) members of the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) used to be CTOs of large companies from only a few developed countries such as the United States, Germany and Japan. However, Haier Group has broken the ice since it entered the IEC/PACT commission in June 2005, lifting the curtain on international standardization of our national enterprises. And now, Haier is hosting the IEC/PACT annual conference in November 2007. Could you introduce it in detail?

Meeting the Market Challenge China's Enterprises of Household Electrical Appliances

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China's Rural Household Electrical Appliance Market──The Next Five Years

InFebruary1999,theStateCouncilDevelopmentResearchCenter,theMinistryoftheInformationIndustry(Mll),theStateInformationCenter(SIC),andtheChinaHouseholdElectricalApplianceAssociationsetupagrouptosurveythecountry'shouseholdelectricalappliancemarketinrural...

Peasants and Alligators: A Love Story in China's Countryside

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What Has Become of China's Rural Household Electronic Appliance Market?

In China,almost all name brand household electronic appliance enterprises are striving to explore the rural market. But why is that the peasants are for inferior brands?Is it because the name brand household electronic appliance enterprises have not made enough efforts,or the rural market is too particular?

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……

基于Probit-ISM模型农户绿色行为影响因素研究

基于江西省383户农户调研数据,利用Ordered Probit模型、ISM模型,探究了江西省部分农户绿色行为采纳程度的影响因素及其层次结构。结果表明:①整治氛围、环境政策宣传、对生态环境和环保的认知程度和区位禀赋均可显著正向影响农户绿色行为采纳程度,农户对身体健康的认知程度则对农户绿色行为采纳程度有负向显著影响;②对生态环境和身体健康的认知程度是表层因素,整治氛围、环境政策宣传和对环保的认知程度是间接因素,区位禀赋是深层根源因素。据此提出了加强政策引导宣传、培育农户环境认知、激发农户主体意识等建议。

新发展阶段粮食安全与农民增收路径

运用2010-2021年我国26个省份的面板数据,以粮食产量为产出变量,以劳动力、资本、水资源、土地资源、农药、化肥为投入变量,计算粮食生产效率,运用回归模型分析粮食生产效率对农民收入的影响。回归分析结果显示粮食生产效率对农民收入具有正的影响,据此提出降低农业生产成本、促进城镇化与农业现代化协同发展、优化财政支农形式等建议,以提高粮食生产效率,促进农民增收。

耕地经营规模对农户水稻生产生态效率的影响——以常德市为例

提高水稻生产生态效率是协同实现保障粮食产量稳增长与减少粮食生产环境损耗双目标的关键路径,耕地作为农业生产活动最基本的生产资料之一,探索耕地经营规模对农户水稻生产生态效率的影响对促进农业适度规模化经营和耕地可持续利用具有重要意义。本文基于粮食生产微观主体——农户的视角,从理论上揭示耕地经营规模对农户水稻生产生态效率的影响,并利用常德市416份农户问卷调查数据,运用随机前沿分析法构建效率测算模型和影响模型进行实证检验。研究表明:农户耕地规模化水平和水稻生产生态效率均有待提升,样本农户中较小规模农户数量最多,占总样本的94.95%,较小规模农户仍是农业生产的主力;农户水稻生产生态效率均值为0.830,还存在0.170的提升空间。耕地经营规模对农户水稻生产生态效率有显著影响,二者并非简单线性关系而是呈“倒U型”关系,且拐点所在区间为1.2~1.4 hm2;农户水稻生产生态效率还受到户主受教育程度、抚养比、农业收入占比的显著正向影响和户主年龄的显著负向影响。因此,应在尊重较小规模农户将长期存在这一现实的基础上,进一步推进耕地适度规模经营并培育新型农户,以促进水稻生产生态效率提高。

农户参与用水协会行为影响因素的实证分析--基于Logistic-ISM模型

本文利用307份调查数据,首先运用二元Logistic模型确定了农户参与用水协会行为的影响因素,然后借助ISM模型构造出了各影响因素的关联关系和层次结构。研究结果表明,文化程度、经营规模、非农就业人数、参与态度、农户对协会性质与功能认知、农户对权利与义务认知、村灌溉渠系完好率和村经济发展水平8个因素显著影响农户参与用水协会行为。其中,参与态度、村灌溉渠系完好率是表层直接因素,农户对协会性质与功能认知、农户对权利与义务认知是中间间接因素,文化程度、经营规模、非农就业人数和村经济发展水平是深层根源因素。研究结论对提高用水协会农户参与率具有理论参考价值。