Approaches of Realizing Cultural Value of Red Revolutionary Site in Jiangxi Province:A Case Study of Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Xiushui County

Red revolutionary site is a significant carrier for inheriting and spreading red culture,a witness of revolutionary history and stones,and also the best place to show connotations and value of red culture.Taking the regiment headquarter and the division headquarter of the First Division of the First Army in Xiushui County,Jiangxi Province for example,this paper explored cultural value of red site,analyzed the existing problems,tried to figure out scientific approaches of realizing cultural value of red site,so as to promote the sharing and inheritance of cultural value of red revolutionary site.

The Pathway to Legitimacy and Universality of Human Rights from a Cross-Cultural Perspective——A Brief Review of An-Na'im's Theory of Human Rights Legitimacy and Dialogue

Within the international human rights circle,Abduliahi AhmedAn-Na’im is regarded as a representative of Southern voices."Under such a circumstance that the confrontation between the West and non-Western countries on human rights has become a routine reality,An-Na’im advocates a contingent universality of human rights or"contingent universality of human rights,"and insists that the universality of human rights be based on the cultural legitimacy of human rights.While he sees the internal dialogue of human rights in all non-Western countries,including Islamic ones,as a basic way to ensure the international human rights standards be accepted gradually,he also believes the cross-cultural dialogue among different societies can eventually lead to the reconstruction of the legitimacy of international human rights standards or even the standards themselves.An-Na’im’s theory of moderate cultural relativism points a way to achieve universality of human rights for developing countries,but there are a few questions that need to be further addressed.

Migrant Workers' Lack of Cultural Rights and Interests and Government Safeguard Measures

This paper analyses the status quo of migrant workers' lack of cultural rights and interests as follows:the holistic cultural life of migrant workers is scant and monotonous;the cultural facilities provided by the majority of enterprises are critically short;the cultural life of migrant workers has the characteristic of closeness to some extent;the holistic cultural consuming capacity of migrant workers is very low,and they are not satisfied with their own cultural life.This paper puts forward the measures that the government should adopt to make up for the lack of migrant workers' cultural rights and interests as follows:first,it should eliminate discrimination in terms of system,and incorporate migrant workers' cultural rights and interests into the building scope of urban public culture;second,it should establish a variety of free public culture facilities,to adapt to the needs of migrant workers;third,it should formulate various kinds of laws and regulations,to effectively safeguard migrant workers' cultural rights and interests.

Resource Extraction in the Territories of Indigenous Peoples： The Quest for Cultural Rights

The rapid industrial growth amidst the resource-rich habitats of indigenous people results in an unprecedented and inescapable influence of the other. Most often, such interactions are exploitative for the indigenous communities. Besides this, the development induced displacement escalate the fear of loss of ＂cultural practices＂ among the indigenous peoples. The ＂official＂ argument often confines to the fact that the people are displaced with better facilities to a place few kilometres away from the original habitat. Such an argument forces to establish harmony between development and the displaced and ignores cultural rights and customary boundaries. In such cases, indigenous peoples negotiate for the protection of cultural rights with the corporate establishments and statutory bodies using a variety of means. This idea is explored in the context of the resistance movement organized by the indigenous Kondhs of Niyamgiri region of Odisha, India.

Five Years after the Entry of Force of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights: Some Observations

The optional Protocol to the international covenant on economic, Social and cultural Right was adopted in 2008 and entered into force in 2013? During the five years after its entry into force, 23 States have ratified the optional Protocol, and 23 individual communications have been submitted to the committee on economic,Social and cultural Rights? comparing with the acceptance of individual communication procedures under other core international human rights treaties, the record of ratification of the optional Protocol is not satisfactory? in its examination of individual communications,the committee on economic, Social and cultural Rights has made detailed reasoning, extensively referred to its previous general comments, and in case of violations found, suggested both specific and general remedies? in its practice of examining individual communications, the committee on economic, Social and cultural Rights needs to clarify and define the rights under the covenant and their corresponding obligations, while maintaining its nature and role as a supervisory body, without expanding its competence to an unacceptable extent?

Poverty Reduction, Cultural Narrative, and the Realization of Development Rights in South-South Cooperation

The development of any country or society requires a cultural context. A cultural narrative influence the process of development by shaping people’s views and actions, and thus policy. This paper first discusses the importance of cultural narratives, and then analyzes the different cultural narratives on poverty reduction, development, right to development, and South-South Cooperation. It illustrates how cultural narratives significantly influence social justice development and reforms.

Human Rights and Cultural Diversity: Evolving Dynamics of Universality and Relativism——Safeguarding the rights of others is the most noble and beautiful end of a human being～Khalil Gibran

1. Introduction Culture is a defining feature of an individual＇s identity. It embraces everything from the traditions, beliefs and values of an individual＇s family and community. It is also the language one speaks, and place of worship. Culture is all of these elements and the way they connect to make up one＇s way of life. It is often the source for serf-definition, expression, and sense of group belonging.

Cultural Diversity and Human Rights Development in Asia

Asia is an area filled with vigor and vitality and also conflicts, an area that ＂takes pride in its rich cultures, religions and diversity.＂More and more statesmen and scholars are watching closely the human rights conditions in the changing Asia. Asia is no longer a concept in its economic, cultural and geographical sense. It has become a regional community that has had an important impact on the human rights development in the world. In the 21 st century filled with challenges and hopes, people want to see not only an economically prosperous Asia but also an Asia community with increasing humanistic spirit and pursuit for constitutionalist values.

Cultural Transformations in China and Progresses in Human Rights Cause

Human rights refer to the rights that should be enjoyed by anyone as human beings. However, human beings have not only the natural at- tributes, but also social attributes, including such high-level social at- tributes as thinking capability and culture. The role of culture on hu- man beings can be seen in people＇s understandings on human rights connotation and human rights value. In fact, the different views on hu- man rights issue of various countries worldwide are linked with their dif- ferent cultures. We cannot change the differences of various countries in cultures, but we can learn about and understand the differences through cultural exchanges so as to enhance recognition on human rights issue.

Discussion on the Influence of Cultural Traditions Towards the Development of Human Rights

No matter whether we consider it from the perspective of historical development or specific conditions of reality, the formation of the concept of human rights, especial- ly its process of playing the realistic role via the concrete realization, has a direct and extremely close relationship with specific cultural values and historical heritages. Therefore, studies of human rights should not just remain at the abstract level of ＂from concept to concept.＂ On the contrary, we should further promote the sound development of the cause of human rights via concretizing this kind of studies.

Cross-Cultural Exchange of Human Rights: Crossing Divides or Crossing Swords?

This paper explores the basic framework for cross-cultural dialogue on human rights. Such dialogue implicates differing understandings of the content of human rights as well as differing interpretation of the concept of human rights itself. The challenges confronting the universality of human rights arguably stem from people's fear of radical individualism, secular fundamentalism and political radicalism. While the universality of human rights should not be denied, cognizance must be taken as well of the gap between theory and practice during the realization of those rights and the selectivity pertaining to such realization. Dogmatism and uncompromising ideological stances is an obstacle to dialogues and cross-cultural exchanges on human rights.

Operationalizing Cultural Autonomy in International Law as a Form of Effective Participation in Decision-Making

According to most commentators,cultural autonomy is not a right recognized by positive international law.This article argues that the core elements of cultural autonomy can be derived from the right to effective participation guaranteed by Article 15 of the Framework Convention on the Protection of National Minorities(FCNM).The existing standards developed by the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention are rather vague,and fail to regulate several issues important for effective participation.This is not determined by the wording of the Convention,but by the Committee’s choice to provide states with a very wide margin of appreciation.To fill in the gaps in the Committee’s jurisprudence,the article examines the case study of a recently adopted law on support for minority cultures in Slovakia.By using a qualitative-substantive approach,it specifies the content of cultural autonomy by defining its purpose,as well as the conditions under which it can be achieved.Applying the Committee’s general criteria to the specific problems raised by the Slovak law,the article establishes the core positive law requirements vis-à-vis the right to cultural autonomy.In closing,the article argues that the Committee should adopt detailed standards,similar to those proposed in the text,in order to enforce the right to effective participation in practice.Operationalizing effective participation leads in substance to the enforcement of the right to cultural autonomy,which is a developed form of the former.

Kincaid＇s Cultural Values in The Bridges of Madison County

Robert James Waller （1939-2014） does not catch readers＇ attention until his popular novel The Bridges of Madison County （1996） wins him great admirations since its publication in 1992 which brings him instant success. The story explores the dilemma between responsibility of family and fulfillment of desires. Set in America in the 1960s, the novel is woven by the romantic story of the two middle-aged man and woman after they countered and gathered together for four days. Though simple in plot, it really deserves detailed interpretation and appreciation. This paper will mainly discuss Kincaid＇s cultural values reflected not only in the romance between his lover and him, but also in his attitudes towards women＇s rights.

An Analysis on the Consequences of the Ideological and Cultural Revolution

The paper analyses a special moment-a so-called ＂revolutionar＂ campaign that was undertaken in all fields： social, cultural and religious ones in the contemporary history of Albania. And exactly, it analyses the dramatic turn undertaken by the dictatorial communist regime during the years of 1966-1969. As a result, in period of few years, Albanian was transformed into the only atheist country in the world, because since November 13, 1967, the religious activities were banned and this situation lasted until 1976 from the constitutional point of view.

African-American's Awareness of Cultural Heritage: Alice Walker's Everyday Use

Alice Walker's famous short story Everyday Use reveals African American's awareness of cultural heritage, which is deeply affected by the"double consciousness"as well as their racial identification in the Civil Rights Movement. Through the exploration of the cultural conflict reflected in Everyday Use by relating to the influence on black people produced by the AfricanAmerican Civil Rights Movement, and the discussion of the different attitudes of the mother and her daughters towards their cultural heritage, the essay aims to reinforce Alice Walker's claim that any attempt to lay too much emphasis on the ideas of utilitarian return to black people's traditional culture is shallow and superficial.

The Confucian Scholar Class and the Establishment of Traditional Cultural Order

C ultural order is the inherent "soft"order,providing legal explanation and significant value system for the economic order and the political order. C ultural order means the rational,stable and orderly state in the cultural field,w hich can be divided into three levels: the value concept system of the ruling class,i. e.,the ideology of the state; the value system,attitude,belief and orientation of the populace; the self- conscious spirit and value concept system of the intellectual,w hich is represented by literature,art,philosophy and religion.T he establishment and maintenance of the cultural order asks for a group of people believing in such a culture and organizations,institutions and technology to guarantee it. Based on the possession of culture and know ledge and the combination of culture and authority,the C onfucian school class had their say in the traditional society,playing an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the traditional cultural order.

Dignity:the Overlap of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Traditional Chinese Culture

Human dignity is the fundamental concept of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and serves as the theoretical backbone for the international human rights system. Chinese culture has an excellent tradition of treasuring the dignity and value of people. The provisions on dignity in the Declaration can find their historical origins in traditional Chinese culture. The dignity of people has a supreme status and value in traditional Chinese culture. Chinese "etiquette" culture has a long tradition of respecting the dignity of people.Achieving benevolence through etiquette is the basic way to protect human dignity. Etiquette in ancient China was constrained by inequality and historical limitations, but it also had the elements of respecting or honoring others, and had the practical function of respecting, maintaining and achieving human dignity. The effective implementation of etiquette requires the fulfillment of people’s basic needs. Progressing from xiao kang(moderate prosperity) to da tong(great harmony) is the process of approaching the human rights standards of human dignity and equal rights that all nations and all peoples should strive to achieve.

Confucian Liberalism:Convergence Between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Chinese Traditional Culture

As early as the 18th century,Confucian liberalism of considering others in one s own place was integrated into the provisions of freedom of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.In 1948,the Confucian idea of benevolence and other liberalism had an important influence on the drafting and content of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The fulcrum of Confucian liberalism is self-discipline based on benevolence.The code of conduct created by Confucianism of"What you do not want done to yourself,do not do to others"has the social effect of safeguarding people’s negative freedom;the code of conduct of"while establishing himself and pursuing success,also works to establish others and enable them to succeed as well"has the social effect of safeguarding people s positive freedom.Confucian liberalism is social-oriented,which adheres to the unity of everyone’s freedom with the freedom of others,and the idea that individual freedom lies in the overall freedom of the social community.It is based on the conscience(benevolence)of the way of considering others in one’s own place and the practical path from the obligation to rights and freedoms are prominent features of traditional Chinese culture.It is consistent with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights’provision that everyone has duties to the community,and is similar to Marx’s philosophy that"the free development of every human being is the condition of the free development of all human beings",and is a unique system of liberal discourse that is different from Western liberalism.