Effect of Online Social Networking on Emotional Status and Its Interaction with Offline Reality during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

Background:During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China,social interactions shifted to online spaces due to lockdowns and social distancing measures.As a result,the impact of online social networking on users’emotional status has become stronger than ever.This study examines the association between online social networking and Internet users’emotional status and how offline reality affects this relationship.Methods:The study utilizes cross-sectional online survey data(n=3004)and Baidu Migration big data from the first 3 months of the pandemic.Two dimensions of online networking are measured:social support and information sources.Results:First,individuals’online social support(β=0.16,p<0.05)and information sources(β=0.08,p<0.01)are both positively associated to their emotional status during the epidemic.Second,these positive associations are moderated by social status and provincial pandemic control interventions.With regards to the moderation effect of social status,the constructive impact of information sources on emotional well-being is more pronounced among individuals from vulnerable groups compared to those who are not.With regard to the moderation effect of provincial interventions,online social support has the potential to alleviate the adverse repercussions of high rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and strict lockdown measures while simultaneously augmenting the favorable effects of recovery.Conclusion:The various dimensions of social networking exert distinct effects on emotional status through diverse mechanisms,all of which must be taken into account when designing and adapting pandemic-control interventions.

Social isolation and health-promoting behaviors among older adults living with different health statuses:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To describe the characteristics and relationships of social isolation and health promoting behaviors of Chinese older adults with different health statuses.Methods:Totally 485 older adults were recruited.They were divided into three groups based on their health status:healthy group(n=72),group with one disease(n=183)and group with multimorbidity(n=230).Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were used to measure their social isolation and health-promoting behaviors,respectively.Results:Among the aged with one disease or multimorbidity,30.6%(56/183)and 31.7%(73/230)were socially isolated,respectively,based on the score of the Lubben Social Network Scale-6.The three groups differed significantly in health-promoting behaviors and scores on several subscales.The group with multimorbidity exhibited more social isolation and fewer health-promoting behaviors than other groups.Social isolation was among the factors adversely affecting health-promoting behaviors in older adults.Conclusions:Health care providers should help older adults with multimorbidity preserve the remaining abilities to improve health-promoting behaviors.Meanwhile,it is important to support healthy older adults to increase self-responsibility to achieve healthy aging.

A Survey of Social Nutrition Status of the Elderly in theUrban Area of Chengdu, Sichuan Province

The social nutrition status was investigated among 246 subjects aged 60-90 living at three urban communities in Chengdu of Sichuan Province. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate socirydeweraphic background, the subjects' nutrition knowledge, and the support systerns for geriatric nutrition. Fasting venous blcod was colected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Blood pressure, bene mineral contents (BMC), body weight (BW) and they height (BH) were measured at the same time. Only 49. 7% of the subjects correctly an swered four basic questions on nutrition. Food patterns for the elder1y were simple and modest. Several nutrition-related disorders for the elderly were including high systolic bbo pressure (44. 6 % ), hyPertriglyceridemia (25. 9 % ), high diasto1ic blood pressure (25. 1% ),obesity (24. 5% ), high PBG (20. 6% ), emaciation (19. 9%), high FBG (17.9%) and osteoporosis (16. 8%). These data indicate that the support systems for the geriatric nutrition will have to be improved.

The influence of marital status on the social dysfunction of schizophrenia patients in community

Objective:Estimate predictive associations of marital status with social dysfunction in schizophrenia patients.Methods:817 schizophrenia patients lived in the community of Dongguan,Guangdong province,China,were investigated with the Social Disability Screening Schedule(SDSS)during a three-month period(1.2010e3.2010).The demographic data were harvested.The c2 test,t test,and fisher's exact were used for comparisons between groups,as appropriate.Multinomial logistic regression(MLR)was used to analyze the predictive associations of demographic variables to the grading of social dysfunctions.Results:The study group consisted of male and female patients aged 16e59 years,407 females,and 410 males with the mean age(40.7±9.5)years.Analysis of the data revealed significant differences in course of disease and marital status among patients(with and without dysfunction).The married patient made a significant difference with divorced/widowed patient in mildlyemoderately social dysfunction.There was a significant difference in married and never-married patient with mildly and profoundly social dysfunction.Significant differences were noticed in the self care and occupational roles of the married patient with that of the never-married.Conclusion:This study confirmed that bad marital status is associated with higher odds of social dysfunction among patients with schizophrenia living in the community.These effects should be included in considerations of public health investments in preventing and treating mental disorders.

IMMIGRATION, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC STATUS OF AMERICAN CHINESE

In 1994, the total Chinese population in the United States were 2,017,799 which were 0.8 percent of the total US population. The Chinese population were highly concentrated by regions and among the total population. By states, 42 percent of total Chinese population were found in California, 17 percent in New York. More than 80 percent total Chinese population were concentrated in 9 states. By metropolitan areas, 14.73 percent of total Chinese population were found in Los Angeles and New York respectively. Compared with the total US population, 60 percent Chinese population were found in less than 20 percent total US population and 80 percent in 50 percent. By studying the Chinese population distribution and the reason behind it, we hope to find some interesting relationships among the characteristics of this distribution and the historical, cultural, social and economic factors influencing it.

Pig Social Status and Chronic Cold or Crowd Stressors Differentially Impacted Immune Response

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of 4-day of cold and crowding stressors and social status on pig immune responsiveness to these stressors. Three unfamiliar white crossbred female pigs were mixed and assigned to ambient temperatures of either 8°C (COLD) or 22°C (control;TN) and floor-space of either 0.26 m2/pig (reduced, CROWD) or 0.45 m2/pig (adequate, CONT) over six blocks (n = 72). Pigs were identified as dominant (DOM), intermediate (INT), or submissive (SUB) based on aggressive encounters that occurred during the first 24-h post-mixing. There were no interactive effects of temperature × floor-space on immune indices. There was social status × stressor for body weight, natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis (P < 0.05). DOM pigs that were COLD or CROWD gained the least amount of body weight compared to either INT or SUB pigs (P < 0.01). INT and SUB pigs subjected to CROWD stress gained more weight compared to their counterparts subjected to COLD temperature or CONT floor-space (P < 0.05). NK cytotoxicity was greater among CROWD-INT pigs and phagocytosis was greater among COLD- and CROWD-SUB pigs. Also, INT pigs had lower T and B cell proliferation regardless of the stressor. COLD stress significantly reduced NK cytotoxicity, total Immunoglobulin-G, and B-cell proliferation and enhanced total WBC counts and T-cell proliferation. These data imply that various immune indices were either enhanced or suppressed by COLD stress, but concurrent exposure to CROWD stressor did not exacerbate these effects. Moreover, social status played a role in determining a pig’s immune responsiveness as it modulated differential homeostatic stress response as the pig attempted to cope with stress.

Sex- and Age-Specific Associations of Social Status and Health-Related Behaviors with Health Check Attendance: Findings from the Cross-Sectional Kanazawa Study

Health checks are key features of primary and secondary disease prevention. The aim of this study was to examine the sex- and age-specific association of social status and health-related behaviors with health check attendance in eligible persons. Data were derived from the Kanazawa Study 2011 (n = 12,781), a cross-sectional study which investigated all the residents in model areas of Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. We selected participants aged 23 years or older with National Health Insurance (n = 4920). Attendance at health checks was the outcome. We used social status and health-related behaviors as predictor variables. We analyzed them by sex and applied stratified analyses by age groups for each sex. The bivariate analyses were conducted by means of cross-tabs. We calculated health check attendance rates by each variable. We used Pearson’s χ2-test to examine statistically significant differences. We fitted logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of attendance in the past one year. We computed ORs in a logistic regression model containing all variables described above. Workingmen and women aged 23 to 39 years and aged 40 to 64 years had significantly increased ORs for health check attendance compared with non-working persons. Men, men aged 23 to 39 years and men aged 65 years or older with more physical activity had significantly increased ORs for health check attendance. Male ex-smokers, female ex- and non-smokers, male ex-smokers aged 65 years or older, and female non-smokers aged 40 to 64 years had significantly increased ORs. The findings suggest that population groups with lower social status or increased risks of adverse health effects are less likely to attend health checks than those with higher social status or decreased risks in particular sex and age groups. It indicates that diverse approaches are required to realize the full benefit of health checks.

Analysis of Peasant Workers＇ Citizenization and Social Integration in the Perspective of Social Concern

Migrant workers are the important driving force of the process of the urban modernization in our country. It is the main body ofmodern industrial workers in our country. The urbanization of migrant workers has become a major problem in the transformation of China＇ ssocial and economic structure, the core of the problem of the ＂agriculture, rural areas and farmers＂ and the focus of the community. Theacademic circles have done a lot of research on this issue. The equalization of basic public services is the right of every member of societyto share the fruits of social development. This right is the only way to realize the equalization of general public services. From the dynamicevolution, the equalization of basic public services is an indispensable process in the realization of fairness and the justice in society as a whole.Therefore, this paper proposes the novel idea on the issue that will later promote the development of the related theories and applications.

Research Status of Xinchang private SMEs social security issues

With the rapid development of China＇s market economy well, China＇s private SMEs have become the main force of economic growth. However, the development of social insurance is not optimistic. Therefore, to do private SMEs of social insurance is not only about their own development, but also closely linked to the country＇s economic and social stability. In this paper, the status of social insurance run Xinchang private small and medium-depth and detailed analysis, there are some improved measures to land, thereby improving the status of social insurance by private SMEs Xinchang.

Differences inthe Level of Social Status of Male and Female Folk Dancers

The research was conducted in order to determine differences in the social status structure of male and female performers of folk dances. For the purpose of determining the social status structure of male and female dancers, 103 male and 145 female dancers aged 18-28 actively engaged in folk dancing were tested. For the assessment of social status, only one model that allows for true scientific approach to studying the structure of stratification dimensions has been made so far. The model was constructed by Saksida and later served as a basis for many studies conducted by other authors as well （Saksida, Caserman, Petrovic, Momirovic, and Hosek）. Designed as a phenomenological model, it has undergone several changes over time, but it is still suitable for studying social change. The INST2 questionnaire modified by Boli, Popovic, Hosek, Momirovic, and Savic （SSMIN） was applied in this study. All the data obtained in this research were processed at the Multidisciplinary Research Center of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Pristina, through the system of data processing programs designed by D. Popovic and K Momirovic. To determine differences between the groups, a method of discriminant analysis was applied.

On the status and role of social sports in urban development

The importance of social sports in urban development show that it makes the quality of urban residents greatly improved and becomes a strong surge of power to promote the development of economy; it makes the cultural connotations of the city more abundant and becomes the propeller of urban cultural development. And the specific roles show that it forms the group of physical and mental health in the city; it makes sports become an important part of people＇ s lives; it cultivates and enhances the citizens＇ sense of honor; it improves the urban management and enhances the image of the city.

Psychosocial Group Intervention at a Low-Resource Setting Environment for Women Who Are Diagnosed and Treated for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Africa faces significant challenges in terms of material and personnel resources for oncology interventions. This is particularly evident in South Africa, where resources are divided into high- and low-resource settings. High-resource settings cater to those with financial means to access private oncology facilities. However, many breast cancer patients receive care in South Africa’s low-resource settings, such as public hospital oncology clinics. Unfortunately, these settings have limited service providers and fail to offer comprehensive interventions, resulting in poor outcomes. However, recent research has highlighted the significance of socially supportive relationships in promoting healing and overall individual well-being, and spirituality has been identified as a source of positive outcomes in cancer patients. This systematic review paper explores the feasibility of implementing support group cancer care and interventions that incorporate social support networks available in community settings, and spiritual practices facilitated by traditional healers, and religious/spiritual leaders. These interventions can be provided within low-resource settings to women diagnosed with breast cancer. Inclusive participation of spouses, children, and extended family in the support group cancer care can facilitate healing for the entire system. Focusing on the strengths and resources within communities and incorporating these complementary services, can enhance the well-being and quality of life for Black African women diagnosed with breast cancer, despite low-resource settings. This approach acknowledges the potential of community-based support networks and encourages collaboration between various stakeholders, including community health educators, nurses, lay counselors, and community volunteers, to address the complex needs of these patients.

Analysis of public psychological status and related factors in Yichang during the closing of initial Covid-19

Objective:To investigate the psychological health status and influencing factors of the public during the epidemic of Covid-19 in Yichang,Hubei,and provide evidence for future psychological intervention.Methods:This study used snowball sampling,SCL-90 scale,and SSRS to conduct a questionnaire survey of 563 residents.Results:The state of public mental health during the closure of Covid-19 was worse than the national norm.Gender,age,and culture have an impact on mental health.There was a significant correlation between social support and the level of mental health.The effects of various variables on the public mental state from big to small:objective support,gender,occupation.Conclusion:The psychological problems of the public during the closure of the city of Covid-19 deserve attention.According to different influencing factors,corresponding measures should be implemented to improve the public’s psychological endurance and respond to public health emergencies with a healthy mentality.

Housing status pinpoints social strata in China——A survey on China's housing groups

Sociologists Rex and Moore first raised the housing class theory in 19671,stating that people can be grouped into different classes according to their housing conditions.Defining classes by housing standards seems too simple,though,which is why this theory is controversial.In order to avoid the same confusion of social class,this paper employs the concept of "housing status group." Like economic status,people's housing status is normally relatively stable and unlikely to significantly change in a short time span.But China is an exception as the past 30 years have witnessed tremendous institutional reform,particularly in the housing system.Almost overnight,public housing became privatized and the real estate market developed.This transformation also meant an abrupt change in the status of social groups in relation to housing-for the better or worse.From the social stratification perspective,this has also been an important period of reshaping social status.Thus,it is of great signif icance to study "housing status groups" during the transitional period to shed light on a myriad of social ills.

非农就业、社会资本对农户农机租赁与雇工支出的影响研究——基于CFPS2018数据的实证分析

随着我国农村优质劳动力的大量外流,农业劳动力稀缺和老龄化问题日渐突出,租赁农机和农业雇工成为克服农户家庭劳动力约束的有效途径。同时,中国乡土社会普遍存在的以血缘和地缘为纽带的社会资本也可能影响农户的农机租赁和雇工支出。该文利用2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,实证研究非农就业、社会资本对农户农机租赁和雇工支出的影响。研究表明,非农就业能够促进农户农机租赁行为,但会减少其雇工支出,而社会资本则会同时提高农户农机租赁与雇工支出。因此,应努力提高农机服务效率,设立农业雇工平台,构建多层次、多元化农机服务体系,缓解非农就业引致的农地弃耕撂荒问题,实现农户与现代农业的有机衔接。

农业社会化服务富农强农的路径研究--以浙江省为例

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求和中国式现代化的重要特征,在浙江省共同富裕示范区建设过程中,农业社会化服务依然是短板。在“大国小农”的基本农情下,发展农业社会化服务,是实现小农户与现代农业衔接和助农增收的基本途径。基于农业社会化的内涵及已有实证分析研究成果的梳理,对浙江省农业社会化服务的现状和需破解难题进行分析,在总结现有典型模式及做法的基础上,提出共同富裕背景下农业社会化改革富民可通过强化要素保障、聚焦主体培育、完善基础设施、探索模式创新、开创数字服务、服务规范引领等方面,搭建农业社会化服务强农富农的有效路径,为加快形成可复制可推广的最佳实践、创新模式和标志性成果,以期践行共同富裕背景下农业社会化服务推动农业高质高效发展提供有效保障和支撑。

在关系化与类别化之间:鄂西武陵山区返乡农民工的创业实践及社会网络重构

本文通过对鄂西武陵山区农村的田野调查发现,熟人社会网络主要依靠传统儒家伦理来维持,呈现出关系化的社会网络状态,这种社会网络呈现单一和发展规模有限等特点。随着人口城乡流动剧增,特别是大批农民工进城以及返乡以后,原本相对单一的重构方式趋于多元化,并呈现着关系化和类别化等多重社会网络并置的状况。多重社会网络并置现象既是城乡流动的体现,也是不同人群基于生存选择而将乡土性和城市性编入日常生活实践的结果。其生成对于重新理解国家、社会和个人的关系,以及进一步理解中国社会转型过程中的差序格局及公私边界等问题有着重要启示意义。

Social-enterprise-oriented Innovative Mode of Rural Micro-finance

The rural micro-financial innovation is necessary because the traditional regular financial institutions can not satisfy peasant households' demand of small-sum(or petty)loan and the support of present small-sum loan companies is limited for rural financial development.Taking Fuping Petty Loan Company as an example,we analyzed characteristics,reasonableness and continuity of social enterprise type peasant household petty loan mode.It is believed that this mode has enormous vitality in rural areas and has great promotion value.Petty loan companies have both internal and external shortages in their current development.We put forward countermeasures and suggestions for rural micro-financial innovation from legal status confirmation,fund supply and loan product innovation.

Social Factors Affecting Wetlands Utilization for Agriculture in Nigeria: A case study of sawah rice production

Wetlands have immense poverty-fighting potentials and in Nigeria, more and more people are dependent on wetlands for their livelihoods. To examine the social factors affecting the current status of the wetlands utilization for agriculture in Nigeda, a simple random sampling technique was used to select 200 farmers cultivating wetlands and a structured questionnaire was applied to elicit the information on the social factors. Data collected were described using frequency and percentage and a multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant variables that are determinants of wetland utilization. The results of the analysis showed that significant variables included crop preferences, farming system, culture, taste, land tenure, knowledge of wetland cultivation, perceived suitability, farmers＇ tribe, location of wetland, and farmers＇ age. it was concluded with suggestions for the right combination of policies, public awareness, and appropriate farming methods in order to improve wetland utilization in Nigeria.

Ghanaian Migration to the Netherlands:Status Paradox?

Migration continues to serve as platform for financial and social empowerment in many countries including Ghana.There are many constraints associated with the life of migrants;however,the quest to be socially acknowledged enables them to adopt certain survival strategies.Using qualitative methodology,this paper examines Ghanaians migration to the Netherlands using the concept of“burger”.This research work highlights that some Ghanaian migrants travel with the goal of earning money to meet their personal and family needs,and so engage in any available job to build and maintain their new burger status.As burgers,they have to obtain enough money to maintain their elevated social status but need to ensure that relatives and friends in Ghana do not know how this money is obtained.To maintain the new“privilege”social status often ascribed to Ghanaians living abroad,migrants are compelled to juggle their work,income,and lifestyle in the Netherlands and(mis)-representation of themselves in Ghana.