Pedestrian crowd in public buildings is usually a hidden trouble.The more serious the crowd,the higher the accident risk,and the heavier the casualties and loss may be.Based on the social force model,this paper puts f...Pedestrian crowd in public buildings is usually a hidden trouble.The more serious the crowd,the higher the accident risk,and the heavier the casualties and loss may be.Based on the social force model,this paper puts forward an improved model which takes into account the anisotropic charac-teristic of pedestrian movement and the avoidance of dynamic congested areas.Furthermore,the al-gorithm has been optimized with the help of static force grid,so the simulation becomes more veritable and computational speed is also greatly accelerated.The improved model is also applied to research on the characters of pedestrian crowd,and the conclusion can provide a basis for the risk assessment of pedestrian crowd and the design of public buildings.展开更多
In recent years, modelling crowd and evacuation dynamics has become very important, with increasing huge numbers of people gathering around the world for many reasons and events. The fact that our global population gr...In recent years, modelling crowd and evacuation dynamics has become very important, with increasing huge numbers of people gathering around the world for many reasons and events. The fact that our global population grows dramatically every year and the current public transport systems are able to transport large amounts of people heightens the risk of crowd panic or crush. Pedestrian models are based on macroscopic or microscopic behaviour. In this paper, we are interested in developing models that can be used for evacuation control strategies. This model will be based on microscopic pedestrian simulation models, and its evolution and design requires a lot of information and data. The people stream will be simulated, based on mathematical models derived from empirical data about pedestrian flows. This model is developed from image data bases, so called empirical data, taken from a video camera or data obtained using human detectors. We consider the individuals as autonomous particles interacting through social and physical forces, which is an approach that has been used to simulate crowd behaviour. The target of this work is to describe a comprehensive approach to model a huge number of pedestrians and to simulate high density crowd behaviour in overcrowding places, e.g. sport, concert and pilgrimage places, and to assist engineering in the resolution of complicated problems through integrating a number of models from different research domains.展开更多
We propose an extended cellular automaton model based on the floor field. The floor field can be changed accordingly in the presence of pedestrians. Furthermore, the effects of pedestrians with different speeds are di...We propose an extended cellular automaton model based on the floor field. The floor field can be changed accordingly in the presence of pedestrians. Furthermore, the effects of pedestrians with different speeds are distinguished, i.e., still pedestrians result in more increment of the floor field than moving ones. The improved floor field reflects impact of pedestrians as movable obstacles on evacuation process. The presented model was calibrated by comparing with previous studies. It is shown that this model provides a better description of crowd evacuation both qualitatively and quantitatively.Then we investigated crowd evacuation from a middle-size theater. Four possible designs of aisles in the theater are studied and one of them is the actual design in reality. Numerical simulation shows that the actual design of the theater is reasonable.Then we optimize the position of the side exit in order to reduce the evacuation time. It is shown that the utilization of the two exits at bottom is less than that of the side exits. When the position of the side exit is shifted upwards by about 1.6 m,it is found that the evacuation time reaches its minimum.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50308002)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.9052007)
文摘Pedestrian crowd in public buildings is usually a hidden trouble.The more serious the crowd,the higher the accident risk,and the heavier the casualties and loss may be.Based on the social force model,this paper puts forward an improved model which takes into account the anisotropic charac-teristic of pedestrian movement and the avoidance of dynamic congested areas.Furthermore,the al-gorithm has been optimized with the help of static force grid,so the simulation becomes more veritable and computational speed is also greatly accelerated.The improved model is also applied to research on the characters of pedestrian crowd,and the conclusion can provide a basis for the risk assessment of pedestrian crowd and the design of public buildings.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61374055)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20131381)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2013M541663)Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(1202015C)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese ScholarsState Education Ministry(BJ213022)Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY214075,XJKY14004)
文摘In recent years, modelling crowd and evacuation dynamics has become very important, with increasing huge numbers of people gathering around the world for many reasons and events. The fact that our global population grows dramatically every year and the current public transport systems are able to transport large amounts of people heightens the risk of crowd panic or crush. Pedestrian models are based on macroscopic or microscopic behaviour. In this paper, we are interested in developing models that can be used for evacuation control strategies. This model will be based on microscopic pedestrian simulation models, and its evolution and design requires a lot of information and data. The people stream will be simulated, based on mathematical models derived from empirical data about pedestrian flows. This model is developed from image data bases, so called empirical data, taken from a video camera or data obtained using human detectors. We consider the individuals as autonomous particles interacting through social and physical forces, which is an approach that has been used to simulate crowd behaviour. The target of this work is to describe a comprehensive approach to model a huge number of pedestrians and to simulate high density crowd behaviour in overcrowding places, e.g. sport, concert and pilgrimage places, and to assist engineering in the resolution of complicated problems through integrating a number of models from different research domains.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11572184 and 11562020)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB725404)the Research Foundation of Shanghai Institute of Technology(Grant No.39120K196008-A06)。
文摘We propose an extended cellular automaton model based on the floor field. The floor field can be changed accordingly in the presence of pedestrians. Furthermore, the effects of pedestrians with different speeds are distinguished, i.e., still pedestrians result in more increment of the floor field than moving ones. The improved floor field reflects impact of pedestrians as movable obstacles on evacuation process. The presented model was calibrated by comparing with previous studies. It is shown that this model provides a better description of crowd evacuation both qualitatively and quantitatively.Then we investigated crowd evacuation from a middle-size theater. Four possible designs of aisles in the theater are studied and one of them is the actual design in reality. Numerical simulation shows that the actual design of the theater is reasonable.Then we optimize the position of the side exit in order to reduce the evacuation time. It is shown that the utilization of the two exits at bottom is less than that of the side exits. When the position of the side exit is shifted upwards by about 1.6 m,it is found that the evacuation time reaches its minimum.
