Seed Morphology and Seedling Variation of Four Ornamental Lupin Pedigrees

[Objective] This study was conducted to reveal seed characteristics, variation and their effects on seedling growth of ornamental lupins. [Method] The phenotypic characteristics and germination rate of the seeds of four excellent lupin pedigrees were measured, and then their correlations with seeding growth were analyzed. [Result] There were abundant variations among the four ornamental lupin pedigrees. Pink seeds had the largest volume and red seeds had the largest 1 000seed weight. The variation coefficients for the seed morphological traits among the four pedigrees ranged from 2.97% to 14.34%. Seed specific weight and 1 000-seed weight could be used as important indicators for selection in breeding because of their higher variability. Seed weight variation of ornamental lupin was mainly depen- dent on seed width variation. There was small variation in seed length. The seeds of the four ornamental lupin pedigrees started to germinate one day after sowing, and the germination period was 5 d. Germination rate coefficient and germination index of pink and red seeds were higher than those of blue seeds, but blue seeds had the largest germination rate. 1 000-seed weight shared significantly positive correlations with seed germination rate, germination potential and seedling retention rate. Round and large seeds had some advantages in germination. Full seeds had higher germination rate and speed, and seedling retention rate. There was a significant relationship between seed length-width ratio and the number of leaflets of seedlings. [Conclusion] The results provided references for the evaluation of seed phenotypic diversity and breeding research of ornamental lupins.

Pedigree and SSR Data Analysis Reveal Dominant Prevalence of Few Parents in Pedigrees of Pakistani Wheat Varieties

The international recognition of the importance of genetic diversity demands continuous estimation of genetic diversity of in hand population as test of its buffering capacity against all putative threats. Randomly selected Pakistani wheat varieties developed during 1965-1999 and 2000-2011 were evaluated on the basis of pedigree and SSR data. At 2nd and 3rd levels of pedigree, average occurrence of a parent per variety was 2.1 times. The dominating parents included BLUEBIRD, KALYANSONA and SIETE-CERROS-66, which were present in the pedigrees of 71.42%, 64.28%, and 58.57% varieties, respectively. The varieties INQLAB-91 and KIRAN-95 had the same pedigree and were genetically identical as revealed by SSR data. Similarly, varieties PAVON-76 and SOGHAT-90 also had the same parents in their pedigrees. This genetic similarity was also confirmed by SSR based cluster. The SSR based PC1 and PC2 showed narrow genetic diversity confirming the presence of few dominating parents. The results emphasize the inclusion of novel and genetically diverse parents in Pakistani wheat breeding programs to maintain broader genetic base of varieties/cultivars for buffering the effects of ever changing virulent pathogens and crop growth environments.

OCCURRENCE CHARACTERISTIC OF KASHIN-BECK DISEASE BASED ON NUCLEAR FAMILY PEDIGREES

Objective The occurrence characteristic of Kashin Beck Disease (KBD) in pedigrees ascertained on the basis of one proband was estimated. Methods A total of 255 individuals in 40 pedigrees were collected from areas in the Shaanxi Province. Results ① Parents and siblings of index cases have a 3-4 times higher risk than a random unrelated individual. The odds ratio for disease is higher in mothers than in fathers of index cases; ② Prevalence in relatives of index cases (K r= 59.2% ) greatly exceeds population prevalence (K= 17.5% ); ③ K r increases with sibship size; ④ There is no significant difference of K r for male and female siblings of index cases. Also, population prevalence is not sex specific. Conclusion In conjunction with environmental agents, genetics may play an important role in KBD etiology.

POPULATION CHARACTERS IN HIGH RISK PEDIGREES OFNASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (NPC)

Objective: To investigate population characters in high risk pedigrees of NPC in Guangdong area and to explore the effect each other between tumor genetic susceptibility and infection of EB virus on pathogenic mechanism. Methods: Pedigree investigation, examination of DNA fingerprint, multi-antibodies of EB virus and nasopharyngeal cavity were done for all of the members in each high risk pedigree. Results: High positive rate of EBV VCA/IgA (23.22%), high percentage of high risk population of NPC (6.53–10.40%), high detected rate of malignant tumor (9552.59/105), and high detected rate of NPC (8464.32/105) were discovered and NPC was most common in first degree relative of a pedigree. Conclusion: Tumor genetic susceptibility, infection of EB virus might play a role in coordination of reinforced effect on occurrence of NPC.

AN INVESTIGATION OF PEDIGREES OF 110 PATIENTS WITH GRAVES' DISEASE AND THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DETERMINATIONS OF ANTITHYROID ANTIBODIES OF THEIR FIRST-DEGREE RELATIVES

Eight hundred and ten pedigree members of 110 patients with Graves' disease were studied. In 700 first-egree relatives, inquiry of medical history, physical examination (including eyes, thyroid, heart rate, etc), thyroid function tests (serum T3, T4 and TSH levels), determinations of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroid microsomal antibodies (TmAb) were performed. For male (female) probands, the incidence of Graves' disease in male (female) first-degree relatives were investigated and their serum TgAb and TmAb were analysed. The incidence of these two kinds of autoantibodies in the male (female) first-egree relatives of familial and nonfamilial Graves' disease were analysed. Eighteen persons with positive TgAb and TmAb from 5 pedigrees had been followed up one year after initial determinations. Our results suggest that the positive rates of TgAb and TmAb in the first-egree relatives of Graves' disease were coincident with the incidence of Graves' disease, and the positive results of TgAb and TmAb in the first-egree relatives of Graves' disease may be an indicator of pre-raves' disease or pre-utoimmune thyroid diseases.

汉江洪水频率计算不确定性分析(Ⅰ):流量测量阶段的不确定性

洪水频率分析中的不确定性是影响设计洪水精度的主要因素,为了更全面的评价洪水频率分析中的不确定性,提高计算结果精度,使用NUSAP方法对流量测量阶段的不确定性进行了评价.首先,从总体上阐述了NUSAP方法的原理和评价机制,提出了适用于洪水频率分析领域的Ped igree矩阵,然后结合该矩阵将NUSAP方法应用于流量测量不确定性评价.结果证明NUSAP方法在对流量测量进行不确定性评价时是有效的,可以考虑进一步应用于整个洪水频率分析阶段.

油松、巴山松天然群体GOT同工酶变异性分析

油松、巴山松天然群体ＧＯＴ同工酶变异性分析郭军战，毕春侠，李周岐（西北林学院林学系，陕西杨陵７１２１００）近十几年来，在针叶树种的研究中，人们越来越多地应用了凝胶电泳技术，特别是在研究群体遗传结构和种间以及种内群体间的遗传分化方面，凝胶电泳技术已成为...

Breeding of a Natural Colored-Cocoon Bombyx mori Variety Shuhuang No.1

[Objective] This study aimed to develop a new Bombyx mori variety Shuhuang No.1 and investigate its characteristics.[Method] The new variety was developed through cross breeding and pedigree separation.Its characteristics were identified by laboratory tests and rural promotion practices in Sichuan Province.[Result]The cocoon produced by the new variety Shuhuang No.1 was golden-yellow and radiantly beautiful.Shuhuang No.1 was strong and easy to rear,uniform in development.The male and female ones could be distinguished by their larval color and markings.The cocoon yield per 10 000 the 4th instar larvae reached 20.30 kg; the length of a cocoon filament was about 1 115.0 m,and a non-broken filament was 882.95 mm long,accounting for 79.15％ of the total length.The raw silk ratio of fresh cocoon was 18.39％,and the neatness was 91.25 point.The main economic features of Shuhuang No.1 were better than those of the control.[Conclusion] The new variety had been approved by Sichuan Silkworm Evaluation Commission.It can be promoted in parent silkworm rearing areas Sichuan,Chongqing,Yangtze River basin.

Analysis of Pedigree and Trait Evolution of Peanut Varieties Registered in Fujian Province

In order to provide reference for the breeding of new peanut varieties and introduction of peanut cultivars in Fujian Province, the pedigree and trait evolution of 33 peanut varieties registered （certified, identified） during 1949-2011 in Fujian Province were analyzed. Results showed that, 45 parents were used as parents for peanut breeding, and 22 parents were originated from Fujian Province, 24 parents were registered varieties; Shitouqi, Yueyou 92, Shanyou 523, Quanhua No.10 and Quanhua 327 were milestone parents of peanut varieties in Fujian Province, and the phylogenetic relationship of varieties mainly came from Guangdong. Systematic se- lection was the main breeding method during 1951-1980 in Fujian Province, while crossbreeding became the main method of peanut breeding since 1991. With the variety update of peanuts, the yield levels were constantly increasing. The gradual increase of 100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight played an important role in the improvement of peanut yield. Fat content increased slightly with time, while protein content changed in contrast. Plant height was gradually decreased, and anti-lodging and fertilizer-tolerance capacity was improved, which were suitable for close planting. The total number of branches was decreased slightly, while the number of bearing branches barely changed.

Pedigree and Trait Analysis of Soybean Varieties Registered in Henan Province

To elucidate the genetic relationship of the soybean varieties registered in Henan province, we analyzed the pedigrees, the major agronomic traits, and the eco- nomic traits of 74 soybean varieties registered in Henan province from 1985 to 2012, with reference to experience and technologies beneficial to breeding. The resuits indicated that these varieties originated from 113 parents, and positive correla- tion between the yield and the number of original parents was significant. In the major agronomic traits, the growth stage was about 106 days with relatively small variation, while the final height varied largely among these varieties. Among the fac- tore affecting the final yield, the pod number per plant exhibited an increasing trend, while the variation of 100-grain weight was relatively small. More than 50% of the 113 original parents came from Henan Province and its neighbor provinces, and the genetic relationship among the registered varieties was too close. The rational criteria of yield components of soybean varieties in Henan Province should be as fol- lows： the pod number per plant was about 48. 6, with 100-grain weight ranging from 17.55 g to 21.80 g.

Development of Genomic Microsatellite Multiplex PCR Using Dye-Labeled Universal Primer and Its Validation in Pedigree Analysis of Pacific Oyster(Crassostrea gigas)

There is an increasing requirement for traceability of aquaculture products, both for consumer protection and for food safety. There are high error rates in the conventional traceability systems depending on physical labels. Genetic traceability technique depending on DNA-based tracking system can overcome this problem. Genealogy information is essential for genetic traceability, and microsatellite DNA marker is a good choice for pedigree analysis. As increasing genotyping throughput of microsatellites, microsatellite multiplex PCR has become a fast and cost-effective technique. As a commercially important cultured aquatic species, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has the highest global production. The objective of this study was to develop microsatellite multiplex PCR panels with dye-labeled universal primer for pedigree analysis in C. gigas, and these multiplex PCRs were validated using 12 full-sib families with known pedigrees. Here we developed six informative multiplex PCRs using 18 genomic microsatellites in C. gigas. Each multiplex panel contained a single universal primer M13(-21) used as a tail on each locus-specific forward primer and a single universal primer M13(-21) labeled with fluorophores. The polymorphisms of the markers were moderate, with an average of 10.3 alleles per locus and average polymorphic information content of 0.740. The observed heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.492 to 0.822. Cervus simulations revealed that the six panels would still be of great value when massive families were analysed. Pedigree analysis of real offspring demonstrated that 100% of the offspring were unambiguously allocated to their parents when two multiplex PCRs were used. The six sets of multiplex PCRs can be an important tool for tracing cultured individuals, population genetic analysis, and selective breeding program in C. gigas.

Clinicopathological and molecular genetic analysis of 4 typical Chinese HNPCC families

AIM: To study the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of typical Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis cotorectal cancer (HNPCC) families. METHODS: Four typical Chinese HNPCC families were analyzed using microdissection, microsatellite instability analysis, immunostaining of hMSH2 and hMLH1 proteins and direct DNA sequencing of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes. RESULTS: All five tumor tissues of 4 probands from the 4 typical Chinese HNPCC families showed microsatellite instability at more than two loci (MSI-H or RER+ phenotype). Three out of the 4 cases lost hMSH2 protein expression and the other case showed no hMLH1 protein expression. Three pathological germline mutations (2 in hMSH2 and 1 in hMLH1), which had not been reported previously, were identified. The same mutations were also found in other affected members of two HNPCC families,respectively. CONCLUSION: Typical Chinese HNPCC families showed relatively frequent germline mutation of mismatch repair genes. High-level microsatellite instability and loss of expression of mismatch repair genes correlated closely with germline mutation of mismatch repair genes. Microsatellite instability analysis and immunostaining of mismatch repair gene might serve as effective screening methods before direct DNA sequencing. It is necessary to establish clinical criteria and molecular diagnostic strategies more suitable for Chinese HNPCC families.

Geochemical baseline determination and contamination of heavy metals in the urban topsoil of Fuxin City,China

Urban topsoil is the most frequent interface between human society and natural environment.The accumulation of heavy metals in the urban topsoil has a direct effect on residents'life and health.The geochemical baseline of heavy metals is an objective description of the general level of heavy metals in the urban topsoil.Meanwhile,the determination of geochemical baseline is necessary for regional environmental management,especially in coal cities prone to heavy metal pollution.Heavy metal pollution has become an environmental problem in Fuxin City,China for a long time.To establish the geochemical baseline of heavy metals in the topsoil of Fuxin City and to evaluate the ecological risk of the topsoil,we collected 75 topsoil samples(0–20 cm)and analyzed the concentrations of Cu,Ni,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,Hg and As through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.We determined the geochemical baseline of heavy metals in the topsoil of Fuxin City by using iteration removal,box-whisker plot,cumulative frequency curve and reference metal normalization;evaluated the contamination risk and ecological risk of the topsoil by using the baseline factor index,Nemerow index and Hakanson potential ecological risk index;and identified the source category of heavy metals in the topsoil by using a pedigree clustering heatmap.Results showed that the geochemical baseline values were 42.86,89.34,92.23,60.55,145.21,0.09,0.08 and 4.17 mg/kg for Cu,Ni,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,Hg and As,respectively.The results of Nemerow index and Hakanson potential ecological risk index indicated that the urban topsoil in the study area was slightly contaminated and suffering low potential ecological risk.The main contaminated areas dominated in the middle part and northeast part of the study area,especially in the western Haizhou Strip Mine.The result of baseline factor index indicated that Hg and Cd were the major pollution elements.Using a pedigree clustering heatmap,we divided the sources of these heavy metals into three types:type I for Ni and Cr,largely represented the enrichment of heavy metals from natural sources;type II for Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and As,mainly represented the enrichment of heavy metals from anthropogenic sources;and type III for Hg,represented the form of both natural and anthropogenic inputs.

Pedigree tracing of Fenneropenaeus chinensis by microsatellite DNA markers genotyping

Two microsateUite DNA loci were used to trace the pedigree structure of six families in the shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Four of the families were natural mating, and the others were mated by artificial insemination. Eleven alleles were acquired at two microsatellite DNA loci （locus RS0622 and locus EN0033 ） by investigating 145 offsprings and 11 parents. Five alleles were acquired from locus RS0622 and six from locus EN0033. As analyzed, the gene frequencies were between 0. 024 1 and 0. 493 1, the heterozygosity was 0.652 2 and 0.688 8, and the polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.585 7 and 0.652 9 for the locus RS0622 and the locus EN0033, respectively. Twenty-three genotypes were detected and the genotypes of the losing parents were also inferred. The pedigrees of three F1 and three F2 generations were determined by matching the genotype at each locus.

Mitochondrial DNA A1555G mutation screening using a testing kit method and its significance in preventing aminoglycoside-related hearing loss

To report a new screening method for mitochondrial DNA 1555A→G mutation and the results of genotype analysis in 19 maternal inherited deafness pedigrees. Method Five hundred and forty-six non-syndromic neuro-sensory hearing loss patients were tested for 1555A→G mutation using a new compact testing kit, which allows clear distinction between wild type and 1555 A→G mutated mtDNAs. Results Nineteen subjects among the 546 patients (3.48%) were found to carry mtDNA A1555G mutation. The results were confirmed by sequencing in an ABI 3100 Avant sequencer. Conclusions Maternal inherited deafness families are a frequently seen in outpatient group. The detection of mtDNA 1555 A→G mutation with a low cost, ready to use detection kit is needed and suitable in China for large scale screening and preventive testing before usage of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Genetic relationship and pedigree of Chinese watermelon varieties based on diversity of perfect SNPs

Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)is one of the world’s most important fruit crops,and China produces the most watermelons in the world.Recently,a watermelon variome consisting of 414 key resequenced accessions was reported.However,the genetic relationships and pedigree of Chinese watermelon varieties in the seed market remain unclear.In this study,241 evenly distributed perfect single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)derived from the watermelon variome were selected for variety identification.The diversity of 247 Chinese watermelon varieties was identified based on their SNP genotypes.The 247 watermelon varieties were clustered into five subpopulations:the East Asian ecotype,intermediate ecotype,small fruit with red flesh ecotype,small fruit with yellow flesh ecotype,and American ecotype.We further established the pedigree of four subpopulations,of which JingXinNo.1,ZaoChunHongYu,HuangXiaoYu and XiaoLan,and Sugarlee were the main doner of the East Asian ecotype,small fruit with red flesh ecotype,small fruit with yellow flesh ecotype,and American ecotype,respectively.Thirty-two core SNPs were selected and applied in watermelon variety identification.They were also validated by the Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASPar)platform.The present study furthered our understanding of the genetic relationships and pedigree of watermelon varieties in China,and will help to manage the plant variety protection in watermelon.

Genetic Diversity among Parents of Hybrid Rice Based on Cluster Analysis of Morphological Traits and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. Forty-one entries were assigned into two clusters （i.e. early or medium-maturing cluster; medium or late-maturing cluster） and further assigned into six sub-clusters based on morphological trait cluster analysis, The early or medium-maturing cluster was composed of 15 maintainer lines, four early-maturing restorer lines and two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and the medium or late-maturing cluster included 16 restorer lines and 4 medium or late-maturing maintainer lines. Moreover, the SSR cluster analysis classified 41 entries into two groups （i.e, maintainer line group and restorer line group） and seven sub-groups. The maintainer line group consisted of all 19 maintainer lines, two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, while the restorer line group was composed of all 20 restorer lines. The SSR analysis fitted better with the pedigree information. From the views on hybrid rice breeding, the results suggested that SSR analysis might be a better method to study the diversity of parental lines in indica hybrid rice.

Clinical features of familial adenomas polyps in Chinese and establishment of its immortal lymphocyte cell lines

AIM： To reserve the rare Chinese familial adenomas polyp （FAP） family resource and to investigate the clinical features of FAP in Chinese for its diagnosis. METHODS： Clinical features of patients with FAP were investigated. If there is any question, their medical records were verified. Blood sample was taken and lymphocyte immortal cell lines were established with modified EB-transformation methods. Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium （CHRPE） was checked by an experienced ophthalmologist. RESULTS： Twenty seven families including 21 classical FAP （CFAP） families, 3 attenuated FAP （AFAP） families, and 3 suspected AFAP families were investigated. A total of 116 lymphocyte immortal cell lines were established from 26 families. In all the FAP families, colorectal cancer occurred at the mean age of 42.84 years. Of the 16 families checked, 15 （93.75%） had CHRPE. The mean number of patients suffering from colorectal neoplasm was 3.14 in CFAP families and 2.0 in AFAP families （P 〈 0.01）. The mean oldest age at diagnosis of FAP was 41.75 years in CFAP families, and 58.67 years in AFAP families, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Mean age of development of colorectal cancer was 42.23 in CFAP and 57.33 years old in AFAP （P 〈 0.01）. Mean of the earliest age at diagnosis of FAP was 29.95 years in the FAP families with a positive family history and 46.80 years in the FAP families with a negative family history （P 〈 0.01）. The ratio of extra-intestinal tumors to colorectal neoplasms was different in the two kinds of families with positive and negative family history （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Additional use of ciclosporin will effectively improve to establish lymphocyte immortal cell lines with modified EB- transformation methods. In Chinese FAP, there was a high frequency of CHRPE, and a later age at diagnosis and a later age of development of colorectal cancer in AFAR And earlier age at diagnosis in FAP with positive family history was also found that will help to diagnose various kinds of FAP in Chinese.

Studies of a pedigree with limbal dermoid cyst

AIM: To study clinical features and gene mutations within the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) gene in a pedigree of bilateral limbal dermoids. METHODS: Complete eye examinations have been performed on each individual of the family. Exons of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 ( PITX2)were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and compared with a reference database. RESULTS: We described the phenotype, clinic findings in a family with two affected members. The masses of the proband's eyes were excised surgically demonstrating a dermoid cyst by histopathological examination. No mutation was detected in the gene PITX2 in this pedigree. CONCLUSION: A family of limbal dermoid cyst was reported. In addition, no pathogenic sequence variations were found in PITX2, indicating that this phenotype in this family is a distinctive entity.

Elite sd1 alleles in japonica rice and their breeding applications in northeast China

The Green Revolution gene sd1 has been used extensively in modern rice breeding,especially in indica cultivars.However,elite sd1 alleles and related germplasm resources used for japonica rice breeding have not been identified,and extensive efforts are needed for japonica rice breeding to obtain new dwarfing sources.Data from MBKbase-Rice revealed seven sd1 haplotypes in indica and four in japonica rice.Two new sd1 alleles were identified in indica rice.In 295 japonica accessions from northeast Asia,except for the weak functional allele SD1-EQ,sd1-r was the major allele,reducing plant height in comparison with SD1-EQ.Japonica germplasm resources carrying reported sd1 alleles were identified by genotype searching and further verified by literature search,genealogical analysis,and d Caps markers.Pedigrees and geographic distribution showed that sd1-r is an excellent allele widely used in northern China and Tohoku in Japan,and sd1-j is commonly used in east China and Kyushu in Japan.Dongnong-and Xiushui-series cultivars carrying sd1-r and sd1-j,respectively,are essential branches of the backbone parents of Chinese japonica rice,Akihikari and Ce21,with the largest number of descendants and derived generations.In semi-dwarf japonica rice breeding,sd1-d was introgressed into Daohuaxiang 2(DHX2).Dwarf and semi-dwarf lines carrying sd1-d were selected and designated as 1279 and 1280,respectively,after withstanding typhoon-induced strong winds and heavy rains in 2020,and are anticipated to become useful intermediate materials for future genetic research and breeding.This work will facilitate the introduction,parental selection,and marker-assisted breeding,and provide a material basis for the next step in identifying favorable genes that selected together with the sd1 alleles in japonica backbone parents.