Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｄｙｓｐｅｐｓｉａｏｆｕｌｃｅｒｄｙｓｍｏｔｉｌｉｔｙｔｙｐｅ：ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏＺｈｏｎｇａｎｄＬＩＮＧｕＺｈｅｎＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａａｄｉｎｇｓ...

Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

ＨｉｇｈｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄｅｘｔｒａｃｏｒｐｏｒｅａｌａｂｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｖｅｒｔｉｓｓｕｅｓｉｎｒａｂｂｉｔｓＣＨＥＮＧＳｈｕＱｕｎ１，ＺＨＯＵＸｉｎＤａ１，ＴＡＮＧＺｈａｏＹｏｕ１，ＹＵＹａｏ１，Ｂ...

复方斑蝥胶囊联合培美曲塞和铂类化疗对晚期肺腺癌患者疗效的影响

目的:探究复方斑蝥胶囊联合培美曲塞+铂类化疗对晚期肺腺癌患者疗效的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2021年12月德驭医疗马鞍山总医院收治的晚期肺腺癌患者80例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组接受培美曲塞+铂类药物一线治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用复方斑蝥胶囊。比较2组近期疗效、肿瘤标志物水平、免疫功能、不良反应发生情况和无进展生存期(PFS)。结果:观察组客观有效率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组癌胚抗原(CEA)、组织多肽特异性抗原(TPS)、糖类抗原153(CA153)水平低于对照组,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组血小板下降、白细胞下降、胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制发生率低于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组中位PFS长于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:复方斑蝥胶囊可提高培美曲塞+铂类药物治疗晚期肺腺癌的近期疗效,在降低肿瘤标志物水平的同时,改善患者免疫功能,减少不良反应发生。

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床效果及安全性分析

目的分析非小细胞肺癌患者接受培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗的临床效果与安全性。方法52例接受放化疗治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象,随机分为参照组与研究组,各26例。参照组应用顺铂治疗,研究组应用顺铂联合培美曲塞治疗。对比两组临床疗效、毒副反应发生情况及治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物水平。结果研究组近期治疗总有效率84.62%和总控制率96.15%均高于参照组的53.85%、73.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组癌胚抗原(CEA)(12.39±4.12)ng/ml、糖类抗原125(CA125)(46.56±5.26)U/ml、细胞角蛋白19(CK-19)(2.29±0.88)ng/ml均低于参照组的(16.96±4.36)ng/ml、(63.87±5.54)U/ml、(3.98±0.29)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组肝功能异常、血小板减少、胃肠不适、贫血、白细胞减少、恶心呕吐发生率均低于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将培美曲塞联合顺铂应用于非小细胞肺癌的治疗中,对于降低肿瘤标志物水平,提高近期疗效,控制疾病进展有积极意义,而且毒副反应发生较少,安全性相对较高。

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

晚期肺腺癌胸苷酸合成酶和培美曲塞疗效分析

目的探讨IIIB/IV期肺腺癌胸苷酸合成酶(TS)与培美曲塞化疗疗效的关系。方法回顾性分析38例接受以培美曲塞化疗的IIIB/IV期肺腺癌,RT-PCR法检测肿瘤标本TS表达,并对化疗疗效进行分析。结果 TS高表达(+)26.32(10/38),TS表达与患者的性别、临床分期、PS评分无关。化疗客观缓解率(CR+PR)为34.21(13/38),其中TS低表达患者客观缓解率为39.29%(11/28),而TS高表达患者客观缓解率为20.00%(2/10),差异无统计学意义(P=0.087);TS低表达患者疾病控制率为89.29%(25/28),TS高表达患者疾病控制率为40.00%(4/10),差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论推测TS可作为NSCLC对培美曲塞的敏感性预测指标之一。

培美曲塞联合顺铂一线治疗晚期肺腺癌的近期疗效与安全性观察

目的：观察培关曲塞联合顺铂一线治疗晚期肺腺癌的近期疗效和安全性。方法：经病理确诊为肺腺癌的41例初治（ⅢB～Ⅳ期）患者，采用培美曲塞联合顺铂全身化疗。每2个疗程进行疗效及安全性评价。结果：41例患者均可评价疗效，PR17例，SD20例，PD4例。总的客观有效率（ORR）为41．5％，疾病控制率（DCR）90.3％。其中男性患者有效率显著高于女性患者（63．1％vs.22．7％，P=0．009）。所有患者的中位PFS为11．0个月，中位OS为12．6个月。6例伴脑转移患者经化疗同步全脑放疗后的颅内病灶得到较好控制，ORR为83．3％，DCR为100．0％。安全性方面，仅4．8％的患者出现了Ⅲ～Ⅳ度的中性粒细胞减少、恶心或呕吐。结论：培美曲塞联合顺铂一线治疗晚期肺腺癌患者疗效肯定，安全性良好。男性患者的有效率明显高于女性患者。对伴有脑转移的患者．化疗同时进行全脑放疗．疗效好且未额外增加不良反应。

适形调强放疗联合培美曲赛及顺铂同步和巩固化疗治疗Ⅲ期肺腺癌临床研究

目的评价三维适形或调强放疗联合培美曲赛加顺铂（PC方案）同期和巩固化疗治疗无法手术的Ⅲ期肺腺癌50例疗效和毒副反应，探讨该治疗模式的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析50例无法手术的Ⅲ期肺腺癌患者，分别采用三维适形或调强放疗联合培美曲赛＋顺铂同步放化疗及巩固化疗（P组）或依托泊苷十顺铂（EP方案）同步放疗及巩固化疗（E组）。放疗靶区仅包括影像学或临床诊断的肿瘤（GTV），放疗剂量62—74Gy／31—37次。P组方案：培美曲赛500mg／m2、顺铂75mg／Ill。静脉滴注，d1，21天重复；E组方案：顺铂20mg／m2，dl-5，依托泊苷100mg／d，dl-3，静脉滴注，28天重复。放疗期间化疗2～3个周期，放疗结束后按同样方案巩固化疗2—4周期。结果所有患者均完成治疗计划。P组总有效率（CR＋PR）80．0％；E组总有效率（CR＋PR）68．0％。两组均无治疗相关死亡病例。P组和E组中位疾病无进展时间分别为9．2和6．8月（P=0．032）。P组和E组1、2、3年生存率分别为80．0％VS84．0％、48．0％w32．0％（P=0．044）、24．0％傩16．0％。结论适形调强放疗联合PC方案对比EP方案同期和巩固化疗治疗无法手术Ⅲ期肺腺癌，可延长患者PFS和2年生存率。

恩度联合国产培美曲塞一线治疗老年晚期肺腺癌的近期疗效观察

目的观察和比较重组人血管内皮抑素(恩度)联合国产培美曲塞(普来乐)与单药普来乐治疗晚期肺腺癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法 81例经病理组织学或细胞学检查确诊的晚期肺腺癌初治患者分为恩度联合普来乐治疗组41例,普来乐单药对照组40例,两组同时给予普来乐500 mg/m2,第1天,治疗组恩度15 mg于化疗周期第1-14天使用,21天为1周期给药,完成2周期后评价疗效及不良反应,并随访至2012年5月30日。结果治疗组有效18例(43.9%),对照组有效9例(22.5%),治疗组有效率高于单药组(P<0.05)。治疗组出现临床受益反应(clinical benefit reponse,CBP)26例(63.4%),对照组出现CBR 15例(37.5%),两组CBR出现率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访至2012年5月30日,治疗组和对照组中位无进展时间(progession-free survival,PFS)分别为6.3月和5.1月(P<0.05)。两组白细胞减少、胃肠道反应、肝功能损害等不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论恩度联合国产培美曲塞(普来乐)一线治疗晚期肺腺癌具有较好的近期疗效,不良反应轻可耐受,值得临床进一步应用。

热疗联合培美曲塞、顺铂治疗中晚期肺腺癌的疗效分析

目的:观察热疗联合培美曲塞、顺铂治疗中晚期肺腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析120例中晚期肺腺癌患者资料,按治疗方案不同分为对照组(60例)和观察组(60例)。对照组患者给予注射用培美曲塞二钠500 mg/m^2,静脉滴注,d1+注射用顺铂75 mg/m^2,静脉滴注,d2~4(分3 d使用)。21 d为1个周期,至少化疗2个周期。观察组患者在对照组化疗的基础上行热疗每月1次,共2~4次。观察两组患者的临床疗效,生活质量改善情况及毒副反应发生情况。结果:两组患者至少接受2个周期治疗。观察组患者总有效率(63.3%)显著高于对照组(36.7%),生活质量改善率(60.0%)显著高于对照组(33.3%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者Ⅲ~Ⅳ度肝肾功能损害、骨髓抑制、消化道反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:热疗联合培美曲塞、顺铂治疗中晚期肺腺癌的疗效显著,可提高生存质量,且未增加严重毒副反应的发生率。

斑蝥酸钠维生素B6联合化疗对肺癌疗效分析

目的:观察化疗联合斑蝥酸钠维生素B6治疗肺癌的效果。方法:选取2017年1月至2019年10月池州市人民医院收治的晚期肺腺癌患者66例作为研究对象,按照用药方法不同分为对照组与观察组,每组33例,对照组通过顺铂联合培美曲塞二钠方案化疗治疗,观察组在此基础上联合斑蝥酸钠维生素B6治疗,比较2组治疗效果,以及用药前后生命质量评分(FACT-L)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CA21-1)等改变以及药物不良反应。结果:与对照组比较,观察组的近期治疗效果更优(P<0.05);治疗后观察组生命质量评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);2组CEA、NSE、CA21-1等水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:以化疗联合斑蝥酸钠维生素B6治疗能够使肺癌患者的生命质量明显提升,降低不良反应发生率,使肺癌标志性指标明显改善,对延长患者的生存时间有积极意义。