Experimental investigation on anti-penetration performance of polyurea-coated ASTM1045 steel plate subjected to projectile impact

In this study,the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate subjected to high velocity projectile was analyzed.Two kinds of modified polyurea material(AMMT-053 and AMMT-055)were selected and a ballistic impact testing system including speed measuring target system and high-speed camera was designed.This experiment was conducted with a rifle and 5.8 mm projectile to explore the effects by the polyurea coating thickness,the polyurea coating position and the glass-fiber cloth on the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate.The result showed that the effects of polyurea coating position were different between two types of polyurea,and that the effects of glass-fiber position were disparate between two types of polyurea as well.For AMMT-053 polyurea material,it was better to be on front face than on rear face;whereas for AMMT-055 polyurea,it was better to be on rear surface although the difference was very subtle.Additionally,formulas had been given to describe the relationship between the effectiveness of polyurea and the thickness of polyurea coating.In general,AMMT-055 had better anti-penetration performance than AMMT-053.Furthermore,five typical damage modes including self-healing,crack,local bulge,spallation and local fragmentation were defined and the failure mechanism was analyzed with the results of SHPB test.Additionally,the bonding strength played an important role in the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/steel composite plate.

High-Velocity Projectile Impact Behaviour of Friction Stir Welded AA7075 Thick Plates

In this study, high velocity impact behaviour of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were investigated using a 7.62 mm × 51 mm lead core and 7.62 mm × 39 mm steel core projectiles. Prior to ballistic trails, mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction stir welded AA 7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were studied. Microstructural and hardness studies revealed that friction stir welds constituted three distinct regions namely Weld Nugget(WN), Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone(TMAZ) and Heat Affected Zone(HAZ). Base Material(BM) and all three weld regions were ballistically tested as per military standard NIJ.0108.01 using lead and steel core bullets at maximum permissible velocities of 830 ± 20 and 700 ± 30 m/s, respectively. It has been found that base material(AA7075-T651)and all three weld regions of 25 mm thick plates were able to resist perforation by both types of projectiles used. However depth of penetration has been found to increase from BM to WN, HAZ and TMAZ for both types of projectiles. In all cases steel core projectiles caused higher depth of penetration compared to those caused by lead core projectiles. TMAZs of the friction stir welds were found to be the weakest zone. The fracture that occurred in the base material was spall fragmentation indicating brittle failure, whereas all zones of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 targets with a front petalling, indicating ductile failure. The post-ballistic tested samples showed no significant change in the microstructure of the BM and WN. On the other hand, TMAZ and HAZ showed severe grain deformation in the direction of projectile penetration, and the formation of adiabatic shear bands(ASB). This work showed that 25 mm thick friction stir welded AA7075-T651 joints responded well to ballistic impact loads, making them a good choice for light combat vehicles.

Recent Study of Drag Embedment Plate Anchors in China

Experimental and theoretical studies of drag embedment plate anchors recently carried out in Tianjin University are summarized in this research paper, which involve a series of important topics relevant to the study of drag anchors. The techniques for measuring the trajectory and movement direction of drag anchors in soils, the techniques for measuring the moving embedment point and reverse eatenary shape of the embedded drag line, the penetration mechanism and kinematic behavior of drag anchors, the ultimate embedment depth of drag anchors, the movement direction of the anchor with an arbitrary fluke section, the reverse catenary properties of the embedded drag line, the interaetional properties between drag anchor and installation line, the kinematic model of drag anchors in seabed soils, and the analytical method for predicting the anchor trajectory in soils will all be examined. The present work remarkably reduces the uncertainties in design and analysis of drag embedment plate anchors, and is beneficial to improving the application of this new type of drag anchor in offshore engineering.

Scratch behavior of high speed steels for hot rolls

The scratch behaviors of two high speed steels （HSS） for hot rolls were studied by a Micro-combi Tester, and the emphasis was placed on researching the relations between the microstructure and the scratch resistance property of different HSS. The experimental results indicate that during the scratch process, the carbides are embedded into the matrix, the penetration depth of different HSS is closely related with the matrix hardness, i.e., the higher the matrix hardness, the better the scratch resistance property; and in the matrix, the fine, dispersive carbides are beneficial to form steady friction between the indenter and the scratched materials, but the coarser carbides are easier to fall into pieces.

Hump formation mechanism in gas-jet-assisted keyhole laser welding of HR-2 stainless steel

Gas-jet-assisted keyhole laser welding offers the possibility of a breakthrough in the limitations of penetration depth in laser welding,which currently suffers from equipment restrictions.A gas jet of sufficient intensity to assist the keyhole should be used to obtain suppressed plasma,a deepened keyhole,and increased penetration depth.However,an excessively strong gas jet gives rise to humps.The incident angle of the keyhole-assisted gas jet is 60°,with a nozzle ahead of the laser beam.A series of experiments were carried out with different welding velocities and gas parameters by using HR-2 hydrogen-resistant stainless steel and a slab CO2 continuous-wave laser welding machine.The weld profiles can be categorized into four types,welds of traditional laser welding,welds of enhanced laser welding,undercut welds,and humping welds with increased gas pressure.A high-speed camera was employed in the experiments to monitor the formation of humps under an excessively strong gas jet.The results of analysis show that hump formation can be divided into six stages.Its main driving force is the intense turbulence of gas jet.There are two main reasons for hump formation：premature solidification of the molten pool caused by the large temperature gradient between the front and rear parts of the molten pool,and the emergence of a thin layer liquid bridge with one-directional flow under the enhanced cooling effect of excessively strong gas.

一种考虑球体变形的钨球侵彻低碳钢深度计算模型

为了研究钨球在高速撞击下的变形行为对侵彻效果的影响,对钨球侵彻半无限低碳钢靶进行试验研究,得到<1600 m/s冲击速度下钨球变形特征和靶板侵彻深度随冲击速度的变化规律。在此基础上构建钨球侵彻塑性变形模型。将钨球变形模型和球形空腔膨胀阻力模型相结合,建立钨球变形侵彻深度计算模型。对比不同撞击速度下钨球变形侵彻模型、刚性侵彻模型的计算结果。对比结果表明,变形侵彻模型能够更加准确地计算钨球对半无限靶的侵彻深度,计算结果与试验相比最大误差20%(正误差15%,负误差5%),精度较刚性侵彻模型提升42.86%。

工艺参数对磨料水射流切割钢板效果的影响

基于有限元(FEM)与光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)耦合方法,利用数值模拟手段研究了磨料水射流切割钢板的加工机理,重点分析了磨料浓度、射流压力、射流角度对切割钢板效果的影响。结果表明,加入磨料的水射流对钢板的切割能力明显提高,切割截面呈“U”型;随着磨料浓度的增大,钢板切割深度呈增加趋势,切口宽度则变化不大;钢板切割深度随射流压力的提高则呈近似线性增加的趋势;当射流角度由垂直(90°)转变为一定倾斜角后,钢板切割深度有所降低,材料的整体去除量略有减少。

深圳岗厦北综合交通枢纽大尺寸钢管混凝土半埋 入式柱脚性能试验研究

深圳岗厦北综合交通枢纽位于地下空间资源紧张的城市核心区,规模巨大且荷载工况复杂,核心换乘区设有51.2m×48.0m的无柱超大跨中庭。为解决由场地条件限制导致的柱脚埋深不足问题,结合已有研究成果和工程实践经验,依托深圳岗厦北综合交通枢纽,提出并设计了半埋入式钢管混凝土柱脚节点。为检验节点可靠性,通过1/5大比例缩尺模型试验结合数值分析研究了轴力、剪力和弯矩共同作用下的半埋入式柱脚节点的力学响应,分析了柱脚内部的应力分布规律,揭示了同时设置环板和栓钉作为抗剪连接件时的工作机理。分析结果表明:设计荷载工况下,钢管混凝土柱轴力主要通过环板和柱脚底板传递,弯矩主要通过钢管侧壁承压传递;环板埋深较浅时可以获得较高的传力效率,但其下部混凝土易出现应力集中;钢管侧壁栓钉在埋置深度范围内均能够较好地发挥抗剪作用。承台下部桩基布置合理,设计荷载工况下未见承台冲切破坏特征、节点整体处于弹性工作状态;1.2倍设计荷载工况下节点刚度仍未见明显退化,节点混凝土未出现压溃或剥落,表面无可见裂缝发展,各关键位置钢材应力低于材料强度。设置环板和栓钉作为剪力连接件的半埋入式柱脚可以实现对钢管混凝土柱的可靠嵌固,提出的采用抗剪环板加强的钢管混凝土半埋入式柱脚节点设计与构造方案合理可行,满足结构安全要求。

典型重金属聚能侵彻体对水介质及后效靶的侵彻特性研究

针对不同材料密度的聚能侵彻体对水介质的侵彻特性和对后效靶的毁伤效果,提出了一种描述射流侵彻水介质过程中速度衰减和头部直径变化的理论模型。结合数值模拟和实验结果,对比了等壁厚或等重量条件下钽合金、钨铜合金和紫铜药型罩所形成的射流杆在穿过一定厚度水介质后对后效钢板的毁伤威力。结果表明:建立的理论模型能够有效描述射流杆的速度衰减和头部变形过程。与紫铜材料相比,钽合金射流杆在水介质中的速度衰减率和头部直径变化程度均相对较小。在射流侵彻和随进水介质的共同作用下,钽合金药型罩聚能战斗部对后效靶的破孔直径增大了20.5%,显著增强水中聚能战斗部的毁伤威力。

基于共旋坐标法的钢悬链线立管管土作用数值分析

为分析钢悬链立管(SCR)在顶部浮体小范围垂降、侧向漂移运动下的立管触地段垂向、侧向管土作用,将立管初始贯入海床及侧向移动过程作为准静态问题,在共旋坐标框架内建立三维有限梁单元模型,并耦合p-y加载曲线模拟立管初始贯入海床过程,并对比了线性、双线性及非线性管土模型在计算管土响应上的差异,分析了立管顶部水平牵引载荷、海流作用及土体抗剪强度对立管触地段垂向管土作用的影响,进一步研究了浮体小范围漂移工况下的侧向牵引力、土体特性参数对立管触地段侧向、垂向组合的管土作用影响。结果表明:在共旋坐标框架下,非线性管土模型对立管贯入海床的响应模拟更准确;顶部水平牵引力及海流流速增大,均会导致立管贯入海床深度及垂向土阻力减小;土体抗剪强度增大导致立管贯入深度减小但垂向及侧向土阻力增大;顶部浮体侧向牵引力增大致使立管触地段的侧向位移及土阻力增大,但垂向土阻力减小;侧向摩擦系数的增大可显著提高立管触地段的侧向稳定性。本文所述共旋坐标法利用刚体与变形解耦的特性高效求解了立管全局运动及触地段的管土作用,为立管与海床作用研究提供了参考。

厚板双面四丝单道埋弧焊接工艺参数设计及应用

结合焊缝熔深与四丝单道埋弧焊一丝焊接参数、钢板壁厚、坡口深度的函数关系,及焊丝填充面积与四丝单道埋弧焊一丝~四丝焊接参数、坡口深度、坡口角度的函数关系,设计厚板双面四丝单道埋弧焊接的焊接坡口尺寸及对应的焊接参数。依据此参数进行32 mm、40 mm和50 mm厚板双面四丝单道埋弧焊接试验。结果表明,设计的焊接工艺参数既可保证厚板大钝边尺寸双面焊接焊透,又能保证厚板大坡口截面填满,并可获得良好的焊接质量。

建筑钢结构厚板窄间隙气电立焊工艺研究

钢结构件中的焊接H型钢,其厚板T形熔透焊缝焊接以人工气体保护焊打底、填充为主,效率较低。通过介绍采用窄间隙气电立焊方法进行H型钢厚板T形接头熔透焊缝焊接的工艺试验,为H型钢厚板T形熔透焊接提供了一种可借鉴的焊接工艺方法。

Punching and Local Damages of Fiber and FRP Reinforced Concrete under Low-Velocity Impact Load

In recent years, the development and application of high performance fiber reinforced concrete or cementitious composites are increasing due to their high ductility and energy absorption characteristics. However, it is difficult to obtain the required properties of the FRCC by simply adding fiber to the concrete matrix. Many researchers are paying attention to fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) for the reinforcement of construction structures because of their significant advantages over high strain rates. However, the actual FRP products are skill-dependent, and the quality may not be uniform. Therefore, in this study, two-way punching tests were carried out to evaluate the performances of FRP strengthened and steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced concrete specimens for impact and static loads. The FRP reinforced normal concrete (NC), steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), and PVA FRCC specimens showed twice the amount of enhanced dissipated energy (total energy) under impact loadings than the non-retrofitted specimens. In the low-velocity impact test of the two-way NC specimens strengthened by FRPs, the total dissipated energy increased by 4 to 5 times greater than the plain NC series. For the two-way specimens, the total energy increased by 217% between the non-retrofitted SFRC and NC specimens. The total dissipated energy of the CFRP retrofitted SFRC was twice greater than that of the plain SFRC series. The PVA FRCC specimens showed 4 times greater dissipated energy than for the energy of the plain NC specimens. For the penetration of two-way specimens with fibers, the Hughes formula considering the tensile strength of concrete was a better predictor than other empirical formulae.

蜂窝钢管混凝土抗侵彻性能实验研究

为了研究蜂窝钢管混凝土的抗侵彻性能,采用125 mm口径滑膛炮开展了蜂窝钢管混凝土靶侵彻实验共6发,获得了不同工况时靶板破坏形态及侵深数据,分析了蜂窝钢管混凝土的典型破坏形式,对比了不同弹靶尺寸因数时靶板破坏形式的区别以及着靶点和钢管壁厚对蜂窝钢管混凝土抗侵彻能力的影响。同时,对7组不同壁厚的六边形钢管混凝土和3组六边形无钢管混凝土柱进行了单轴压缩实验,研究了不同壁厚时六边形钢管对核心混凝土强度及延性的增强效应,拟合了核心混凝土强度增强因数同围箍因数的关系,并改进普通混凝土侵深的经验公式,得到了适用于蜂窝钢管混凝土的最大侵深计算公式。结果表明:钢管壁厚是影响侵深的重要因素,壁厚越大,侵深越小;着靶点位置对侵深的影响较复杂,具有离散性;着靶点位置对靶体表面破坏形式影响较大;钢管可以有效增加核心混凝土的强度和延性;改进后的侵深计算公式可以预测弹体对蜂窝钢管混凝土靶的最大侵深。

弹体斜侵彻双层钢板的结构响应和失效研究

为探究弹体斜侵彻多层钢板的结构响应及失效规律,开展了圆形、椭圆和非对称椭圆三种截面弹体对双层钢板的斜侵彻试验,获得了不同弹体的弹道特性和结构失效情况。在此基础上,采用有限元软件对弹体斜侵彻过程的弹道特性、动态载荷以及结构响应进行了数值分析。基于空间自由梁理论和弹体动态载荷,给出了侵彻过程中弹体轴力和弯矩的分布规律,建立了弹体结构强度与失效分析方法。结果表明,弹体以正着角水平侵彻多层钢板时,存在一个临界攻角;当攻角小于临界值时,侵彻过程中会出现弹体低头、弹道向下偏转的现象;当攻角大于临界值时,则出现弹体抬头、弹道向上偏转的现象;该临界攻角随着靶板厚度的减小而增大。对于强度高、韧性低的弹体,失效模式为脆性断裂,断裂位置距头部0.72~0.81倍弹长,弹身后部所受横向冲击载荷是造成弹体断裂的主要原因。建立的弹体结构响应模型可准确预测弹体断裂失效及发生位置。此外,在三种截面弹体中,非对称椭圆弹体的断裂位置更接近头部。

基于平衡电磁技术的钢板表面裂纹深度检测方法

针对钢板表面横纵两方向裂纹深度的检测问题,提出了基于平衡电磁技术的检测方法。通过电磁场分析建立了平衡电磁技术检测横纵裂纹的感应电压模型,并理论分析了检测电压的变化趋势;采用有限元方式分析了平衡电磁技术检测电压与裂纹深度的具体变化规律。通过设计等间距采样的平衡电磁技术检测平台,对钢板表面1~6 mm深的横纵向裂纹进行检测能力验证实验。结果表明:随着横纵向裂纹深度的增加,检测电压幅值线性增大;相同深度的横向裂纹检测电压幅值约为纵向裂纹检测幅值的2倍;该方法具备对钢板表面横纵向裂纹深度定量检测的能力。

大型吊装工程中水上钢栈桥结构设计分析

钢栈桥一般用于过渡性临时工程,具有布置灵活、安拆方便及重复使用等特点,在水上、跨线施工等特定环境下得到广泛应用。以200 t履带式起重机在水上钢栈桥上进行箱梁的吊装为工程背景,采用有限元法分析了49种钢栈桥平台的使用工况,得出了履带式起重机在钢栈桥上的最佳站位点和安全站位区间,并定量分析了钢管桩的最小入土深度,取得了较好的效果。

贫铀合金球对Q235钢靶侵彻性能研究

目的研究贫铀合金球对Q235钢靶的侵彻行为,为贫铀合金材料侵彻行为的深入研究以及在战斗部中广泛应用提供支撑。方法采用Johnson-Cook强度模型和失效模型建立贫铀合金球撞击Q235钢靶的模型,利用Abaqus/explicit模块模拟研究贫铀合金球初速与尺寸对剩余速度、扩孔面积、侵彻深度的影响,并对结果进行分析。结果通过试验与模拟得到了贫铀合金球的穿靶极限速度,两者结果基本吻合,验证了模型参数的准确性。相同尺寸下,贫铀合金球的剩余速度随初速的增大呈线性增大趋势,穿靶后速度衰减率为14.6%~33.2%。初速为900~1300 m/s、直径为5~9 mm时,扩孔面积比为1.08~1.286。贫铀合金球的侵彻深度(H)随直径(d)和初速(v)的增大逐渐增大,三者的关系为H=-10.27+1.36d+0.01v。结论贫铀合金球初速和尺寸是影响侵彻深度的关键因素,但对扩孔直径没有显著影响。

675装甲钢遮弹层抗缩比巡航导弹侵彻研究

为研究675装甲钢遮弹层的防护能力和抗巡航导弹侵彻性能,分析侵彻过程中弹靶作用机理以及装甲钢力学行为,设计了缩比巡航导弹侵彻675装甲钢的实验及相应的数值模拟。结果表明:675装甲钢硬度很高,侵彻基本保持在开坑阶段,弹坑面积小,靶板整体变形并不显著;侵彻过程中弹丸由弹头与弹身交接处断裂,因弹头侵蚀和弹丸断裂损失的能量较大,致使靶板变形小,靶板变形主要发生在弹丸断裂前;随着侵彻速度由350 m/s增至600 m/s,靶板弹坑深度和背突高度随速度线性增加;弹坑直径由1.1倍弹丸外径增至1.5倍弹丸外径,弹丸因质量侵蚀损失的能量由总能量的42.4%增加至68.6%;弹丸加速度在靶板磨损弹头部一半,弹头与弹身交接处发生塑性变形时达到最大。

分段弹芯对陶瓷/钢复合装甲的侵彻行为

针对高速弹靶作用时穿甲弹芯发生变形及破碎的现象,设计一种两级分段弹芯结构,采用有限元仿真软件对两级弹芯结构侵彻陶瓷/钢复合靶板进行数值模拟。根据弹靶作用过程中的弹靶破坏模式、两级弹芯结构的运动规律,对侵彻过程进行阶段分析,并在此基础上探讨弹芯长度比例、间隔距离等因素对两级弹芯结构侵彻性能的影响。研究结果表明:两级弹芯结构较普通弹芯的侵彻深度增加率可达到16%以上;两级弹芯长度比例和间距对侵彻效果影响较大,选择合理的长度比例和间距有助于提高两级分段弹丸对陶瓷/钢复合靶板的侵彻性能;研究结果为两级分段弹芯的设计及应用奠定了基础。