Background: Diabetic retinopathy is among the most common diabetic complications, and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Recent studies have linked vitamin D to the pathogenesis of diabetes and th...Background: Diabetic retinopathy is among the most common diabetic complications, and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Recent studies have linked vitamin D to the pathogenesis of diabetes and there is growing evidence that vitamin D can interfere with the mechanisms involved in diabetes and its complications. Despite improvements in treatment, diabetic retinopathy remains a significant complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Identification of early treatable predictors of diabetic retinopathy such as vitamin D deficiency, may allow more aggressive management of those at high risk. Purpose: To assess the association of vitamin D deficiency with diabetic retinopathy in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Design: Observational study with case control design. Method: 60 young people with type 1 diabetes aged between 11 to 24 years were included in this study. Among them, 30-young people have diabetic retinopathy and 30-young people do not have diabetic retinopathy. Purposive sampling technique was applied as per inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis of the results was done by using computer-based software, SPSS version 26. P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 83% of the young people with diabetic retinopathy and in 53% without diabetic retinopathy. The mean vitamin D level in young people with and without diabetic retinopathy was 17.38 ± 3.77 ng/ml and 20.15 ± 5.06 ng/ml respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.019). Vitamin D deficiency was increased with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression showed vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with diabetic retinopathy with a crude odds ratio of 5.69 with a p value of 0.008 and adjusted odds ratio of 16.08 with a p value of 0.002 respectively. Conclusion: Result of the study revealed that vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases ri...To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. At present there are different treatments, both oral and injectable, available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Treatment algorithms designed to reduce the development or progression of the complications of diabetes emphasizes the need for good glycaemic control. The aim of this review is to perform an update on the benefits and limitations of different drugs, both current and future, for the treatment of T2 DM. Initial intervention should focus on lifestyle changes. Moreover, changes in lifestyle have proven to be beneficial, but for many patients is a complication keep long term. Physicians should be familiar with the different types of existing drugs for the treatment of diabetes and select the most effective, safe and better tolerated by patients. Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for most patients. Other alternative or second-line treatment options should be individualized depending on the characteristics of each patient. This article reviews the treatments available for patients with T2 DM, with an emphasis on agents introduced within the last decade.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether or not the intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (FABP2) Ala54Thr variation is related to non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity, dyslipidemia and glucose sti...Objective To investigate whether or not the intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (FABP2) Ala54Thr variation is related to non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity, dyslipidemia and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in Chinese.Methods The FABP2 Ala54Thr variation was detected by PCR/HhaI digestion in 231 Chinese subjects (116 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 54 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 61 with NIDDM). Plasma glucose, insulin and C peptide levels before and after 75 g glucose load as well as fasting lipid profile were determined.Results (1) The Ala54 and Thr54 allele frequencies in Chinese were 0.71 and 0.29 respectively; (2) The FABP2 Ala54Thr variation was neither associated with fasting and post challenged plasma glucose levels nor with NIDDM; (3) This variation was neither associated with fasting lipid profile nor with obesity; (4) The IGT subjects with genotype Thr54(+) (Thr54 homozygotes and heterozygotes) had lower fasting, 2 hour and total C peptide levels and smaller AUC representing lesser C peptide secretion after glucose challenge than those with genotype Thr54( ) (Ala54 homozygotes) (P= 0.04 , 0.03, 0.01 and 0.01 respectively). The serum insulin levels changed in the same tendency.Conclusions The glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) reserve of islet beta cells is more limited in subjects with FABP2 Thr54(+) genotype than in those with FABP2 Thr54(-) genotype. It suggests that FABP2 codon 54 variation might contribute to the insufficient insulin secretion in the development of NIDDM in Chinese.展开更多
目的系统评价老年糖尿病患者发生低血糖的危险因素。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库中关于老年糖尿病患者低血糖危险因素的相关研究,检索时限为建库至2023年7月15日。由2名研究者独...目的系统评价老年糖尿病患者发生低血糖的危险因素。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库中关于老年糖尿病患者低血糖危险因素的相关研究,检索时限为建库至2023年7月15日。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取以及质量评价,并采用Stata 15.1软件进行数据处理。结果共纳入20篇文献,涉及研究对象656293例。Meta分析结果显示:年龄≥80岁、体质指数<25 kg/m^(2)、使用胰岛素、磺脲类药物、联合使用降糖药、病程>10年、未行自我血糖监测、肾功能受损、痴呆或认知功能障碍是老年糖尿病患者发生低血糖的危险因素。结论老年糖尿病患者发生低血糖受较多危险因素影响,护理人员应针对这些危险因素进行早期筛查和干预,降低老年糖尿病患者低血糖的发生率。展开更多
目的:探讨新疆地区维吾尔族人群转录因子7类似物2(TCF7L2)基因多态性与2型糖尿病的关系。方法:采用病例-对照研究设计,以经确诊的939例2型糖尿病患者作为病例组,选取931例健康个体作为对照组。收集研究对象血液标本5 m L,提取基因组DNA...目的:探讨新疆地区维吾尔族人群转录因子7类似物2(TCF7L2)基因多态性与2型糖尿病的关系。方法:采用病例-对照研究设计,以经确诊的939例2型糖尿病患者作为病例组,选取931例健康个体作为对照组。收集研究对象血液标本5 m L,提取基因组DNA。应用基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱分析质谱技术(MALDI-TOF)进行多态性检测。结果:TCF7L2基因rs7901695位点基因型及等位基因频率分布在病例组、对照组中比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);rs7094463位点基因型及等位基因频率分布在两组中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TCF7L2基因rs7901695多态性位点可能与新疆维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病具有相关性,而rs7094463多态性位点可能与新疆维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病无相关性。展开更多
文摘Background: Diabetic retinopathy is among the most common diabetic complications, and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Recent studies have linked vitamin D to the pathogenesis of diabetes and there is growing evidence that vitamin D can interfere with the mechanisms involved in diabetes and its complications. Despite improvements in treatment, diabetic retinopathy remains a significant complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Identification of early treatable predictors of diabetic retinopathy such as vitamin D deficiency, may allow more aggressive management of those at high risk. Purpose: To assess the association of vitamin D deficiency with diabetic retinopathy in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Design: Observational study with case control design. Method: 60 young people with type 1 diabetes aged between 11 to 24 years were included in this study. Among them, 30-young people have diabetic retinopathy and 30-young people do not have diabetic retinopathy. Purposive sampling technique was applied as per inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis of the results was done by using computer-based software, SPSS version 26. P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 83% of the young people with diabetic retinopathy and in 53% without diabetic retinopathy. The mean vitamin D level in young people with and without diabetic retinopathy was 17.38 ± 3.77 ng/ml and 20.15 ± 5.06 ng/ml respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.019). Vitamin D deficiency was increased with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression showed vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with diabetic retinopathy with a crude odds ratio of 5.69 with a p value of 0.008 and adjusted odds ratio of 16.08 with a p value of 0.002 respectively. Conclusion: Result of the study revealed that vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
文摘To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. At present there are different treatments, both oral and injectable, available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Treatment algorithms designed to reduce the development or progression of the complications of diabetes emphasizes the need for good glycaemic control. The aim of this review is to perform an update on the benefits and limitations of different drugs, both current and future, for the treatment of T2 DM. Initial intervention should focus on lifestyle changes. Moreover, changes in lifestyle have proven to be beneficial, but for many patients is a complication keep long term. Physicians should be familiar with the different types of existing drugs for the treatment of diabetes and select the most effective, safe and better tolerated by patients. Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for most patients. Other alternative or second-line treatment options should be individualized depending on the characteristics of each patient. This article reviews the treatments available for patients with T2 DM, with an emphasis on agents introduced within the last decade.
文摘Objective To investigate whether or not the intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (FABP2) Ala54Thr variation is related to non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity, dyslipidemia and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in Chinese.Methods The FABP2 Ala54Thr variation was detected by PCR/HhaI digestion in 231 Chinese subjects (116 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 54 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 61 with NIDDM). Plasma glucose, insulin and C peptide levels before and after 75 g glucose load as well as fasting lipid profile were determined.Results (1) The Ala54 and Thr54 allele frequencies in Chinese were 0.71 and 0.29 respectively; (2) The FABP2 Ala54Thr variation was neither associated with fasting and post challenged plasma glucose levels nor with NIDDM; (3) This variation was neither associated with fasting lipid profile nor with obesity; (4) The IGT subjects with genotype Thr54(+) (Thr54 homozygotes and heterozygotes) had lower fasting, 2 hour and total C peptide levels and smaller AUC representing lesser C peptide secretion after glucose challenge than those with genotype Thr54( ) (Ala54 homozygotes) (P= 0.04 , 0.03, 0.01 and 0.01 respectively). The serum insulin levels changed in the same tendency.Conclusions The glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) reserve of islet beta cells is more limited in subjects with FABP2 Thr54(+) genotype than in those with FABP2 Thr54(-) genotype. It suggests that FABP2 codon 54 variation might contribute to the insufficient insulin secretion in the development of NIDDM in Chinese.
文摘目的:探讨新疆地区维吾尔族人群转录因子7类似物2(TCF7L2)基因多态性与2型糖尿病的关系。方法:采用病例-对照研究设计,以经确诊的939例2型糖尿病患者作为病例组,选取931例健康个体作为对照组。收集研究对象血液标本5 m L,提取基因组DNA。应用基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱分析质谱技术(MALDI-TOF)进行多态性检测。结果:TCF7L2基因rs7901695位点基因型及等位基因频率分布在病例组、对照组中比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);rs7094463位点基因型及等位基因频率分布在两组中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TCF7L2基因rs7901695多态性位点可能与新疆维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病具有相关性,而rs7094463多态性位点可能与新疆维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病无相关性。
