Contribution of Garcinia kola to the Productivity and Economic Profitability of the Community Agricultural Area of Kedougou: Financial and Comparative Analysis of Production Factors

Inland fishing predominates in the Kedougou region, which has no coastline. This type of fishing does not yet meet the local population’s demand for fish products. In response to this concern, a Community Agricultural Estate housing an integrated fish farm was set up in the commune of Bandafassi, in the village of Itato. Since its creation, this production unit has been faced with the problem of sourcing high-quality, low-cost, monosex male Oreochromis niloticus fry. In order to overcome this constraint, the present research focuses on the contribution of Garcinia kola to the productivity and economic profitability of the Itato farm. The aim of the research is to assess fish production in the experimental set-up and the production costs of tilapia in a controlled environment. The comparative study of the various production factors shows disparities only in the input factor, where scenarios 2 and 3 use additional products. These are 17-α-methytestosterone for scenario 2 and Garcinia kola for scenario 3. These products significantly interfere with fish production, with a fairly high mortality rate for scenario 2 (25% for two production cycles/ cohort2 (B5, B6, B7 and B8) treated with 17-α-methytestosterone). As for scenarios 1 and 3, mortalities are 5% with or without recourse to additional products (G. kola). In addition, average fish production for the three (03) scenarios is estimated at 28687.5 kg/2 cycles. It varies from one scenario to another, i.e. 30937.5 kg/2 cycles for scenarios 1 and 3 and 24187.5 kg/2 cycles for scenario 2. It is therefore higher in scenarios 1 and 3 than in scenario 2. This difference is due to the fairly large losses of individuals in scenario 2. Furthermore, the analysis of the profit and loss accounts for tilapia production varies from one scenario to another depending on the type of farm: 476 Franc CFA for scenario 1, 610 Franc CFA for scenario 2 and 472 Franc CFA for scenario 3 (F CFA = franc of the French Colonies of Africa). The Average operating income for all the fish farming units is 34,726,142 Franc CFA. The highest (41,638,075 Franc CFA) and lowest (29,281,075 Franc CFA) ERs were observed in scenarios 3 and 2 respectively. It was 33,259,275 Franc CFA for scenario 1. The difference between the NERs of the three scenarios is more or less significant in terms of results. The operating result (OR) is positive in all 3 scenarios in our study. However, the scenario 3 system generates a higher rate of return (the ratio between an income and the capital employed to obtain that income) (74%) than that generated by the scenario 1 system (69%). As for the scenario 2 system, it generates a lower financial return than the two previous systems (67%). Above all, this work made it possible to construct an approach that would make it possible to answer such a question by relying successively on various methods: a typology, according to the production factors involved in the operation of the Community Agricultural Estate fish farm.

Comparative Analysis of Profit Model of Typical Pharmaceutical O2O Enterprises in China

Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models.It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits.Based on these problems,it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels.Besides,they should establish and improve internal cost control systems.

Profits and Costs of the Development of Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations

Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations,the following conclusions are obtained.The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordance with the demands of market-oriented economy.The rural cooperative economic organizations can benefit from sharing the knight service provided by the government;from reducing and avoiding various kinds of risks in operation and from applying the agricultural technology and standardization production.Besides,the organizations can share the profits bought along by the standardized production of agricultural production and their members can enjoy the profits bought by socialized service system.In addition,the rural cooperative economic organizations can enjoy the profits produced by the agricultural management integration strategy.What' more,they can increase profits by reducing the transaction costs;enlarging scale and enjoying the brand advantages.The analyses of the costs of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations mainly include the organizing costs,operation costs,restriction costs and cooperation costs.We think that the slow development of rural cooperative economic organizations is caused by their high operation cost and the impediment of external environment.In the end,the countermeasures on strengthening the research on the theory,promotion,education and training of rural economic cooperative organizations and intensifying the supports on the policies of rural economic cooperative organizations are put forward.

Industrial Profits Decreased in the First Ten Months of 2019

Import and export In January-October 2019,China’s total import and export value reached USD 3.74 trillion,with a decrease of 2.5%year-on-year (the same as below).The exports were USD 2.04trillion,with a decrease of 0.2%,and the imports were USD 1.70 trillion,with a decrease of 5.1%.The trade surplus was USD 340.29 billion,increasing by 34.9%.

Risk Neutral Options Based on Maximum Profits

This study uses risk-neutral-probability(RNP,thereafter)to forecast future excepted profits in copper,gold,and platinum group metals.The RNP measures are advantageous where ones want to compare values of the same asset in different states.At the heart of this study is using future profits based on a binomial tree,which has RNPs.Overall,RNP profits converge more to the future-normal profits.And,the robustness results based on the vector autoregressive(hereon,VAR)model reveal that the profits react differently to different shocks stages from revenues,risk-free interest rates and profits.The findings of this study apply to copper,gold,and platinum mining around the globe.

Industrial profits decreased 27.4%in the first four months of 2020

In the first four months of 2020,the profits made by industrial enterprises above the designated size achieved 1,259.79 billion yuan,a yearon-year decrease of 27.4 percent(calculated on comparable basis),and the pace of decline narrowed 9.3 percentage points over the first three months.

Chinese Demand Boosts Luxury Brand Profits

The world’s biggest luxury brands have their eyes set on the Chinese consumer - a strategy that is reaping profits. In the next few months,the British fashion house Burberry will expand its retail space in China to capitalize on strong Chinese consumer demand for luxury products.Already,sales in China have contributed 4 percent to

Size matters:analyzing bank profitability and efficiency under the Basel III framework

The latest regulatory framework,which has been introduced globally in the form of Basel III,and its implementation in the legislation of the member states of the Euro-pean Union has generated much interest in the impact of regulation on the efficiency and profitability of banks.This study aims to examine the impact of the introduction of two major regulatory changes(Basel II and Basel III)on bank performance,in terms of bank size and bank-specific and macroeconomic variables.A two-stage empirical anal-ysis was conducted on a sample of 433 European commercial banks over the 2006–2015 period.In the first stage,relative efficiency was calculated using non-parametric data envelopment analysis.In the second stage,the generalized method of moments was used to examine the impact of bank-specific and macroeconomic variables as well as regulation on bank performance,that is,profitability and efficiency.Consider-ing bank size,the results show a diverse impact of regulation on bank performance.Regarding large-and medium-sized banks,regulation positively affects both efficiency and profitability,whereas,for small banks,it negatively affects performance.The results suggest that larger banks have skillfully adapted to the new regulatory environment.In contrast,small banks have problems with profitability and efficiency because the new regulatory framework has imposed additional administrative and regulatory burdens.This could result in future failure or mergers with larger banks,resulting in a higher concentration in the banking sector and increased systemic risk.Our results strongly suggest that regulation should not be implemented equally for all banks;that is,on a one size fits all terms.A distinction between small and large banks when introducing new regulatory frameworks should be made if a reasonable level of competition is to be preserved.

Industrial profits increased in the first seven months of 2017

In the first seven months of 2017,the profits made by industrial enterprises above the designated size achieved 4,248.12 billion yuan,a year-on-year increase of 21.2 percent,and the growth rate decreased by 0.8percentage points from the first six months.In the first seven months,the profits of state-holding industrial enterprises above the designated size

Foreign Bestsellers in China:A License to Print Profits?

Autobiographies of Western political and sports figures sit beside tell-alls by captains of industry and self-help books in China’s bookshops.

Profits Paradox

WHILE the Chinese economy loses momentum, commercial banks of the country are defiantly glittering with handsome profits.

Desert Holds Green Profits

CPC member shows how both quality of life and big business can benefit from forestation by Liu Wei FOR Elion Resources Group Co.President Wang Wen-biao, joining the United Nations Global Compact is not simply about paying membership dues,but more about fulfulling social responsibility as a Chinese enterprise. Wang,also a member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference,was on hand to see his company join the organization on February 22, 2011.

Profitability Level and Determinants of Tea Intercropping in Taraba State

Intercropping involves the cultivation of more than one crop on a plot of land at a particular time.Tea intercropping with other crops can increase the profitability of farmers and the development of tea plants.The study estimated the profitability level of intercropped tea farms and determined the factors affecting the profitability of tea intercropping systems in the study area.Information was obtained from two hundred and four tea farmers using a well-structured questionnaire.The analytical techniques used in the study were descriptive analysis and linear regression.The results revealed that the majority(95.6%)of the farmers are from Kakara and Nyiwa towns.There are few(2.9%)women involved in tea farming in Taraba State.29%of the tea farmers are young less than 30 years and old above 60 years.Fifteen percent of the farmers are single,83.8%are married and 1.5%are divorced.About 40%of the tea farmers had no formal education,21%have between 1-6 years of education,19%had 7-12 years of education and 21%had greater than 12 years of education.The gross margin is N289,900,581.9 and the gross margin per farmer is N1,421,081.28.The net income is N2,879,055,533.3 and the net income per farmer is N1,411,301.63.The amount of profit tea farmers make in Taraba State is N1,425,001 and the profit per farmer is N6,985.30.Labour costs(weeding,pruning,application of insecticide,watering)and cost of materials(cutlass,file,chemical,bag and others)are significant determinants of the profit level of the tea intercropping system in Taraba State.Tea intercropping farming is profitable in Taraba State Nigeria.

得零售者可以得天下——基于银行利润效率视角

零售业务作为商业银行的基础业务和战略性业务,已经成为中国银行业整体收入增长的主要动力。本文以我国48家商业银行2011—2021年的数据为研究对象,以产出定位的非单调异质性随机前沿方法为基础,测度了商业银行的利润效率水平,并利用2SLS探究零售业务对银行利润效率的整体影响。研究发现,银行零售业务的发展能够有效地提高银行的利润效率,尤其是信用卡业务对利润效率的正向影响最大,个人住房抵押贷款对利润效率的影响次之,消费贷和经营贷的影响最小;第二,国有银行、股份制银行的零售业务对利润效率的促进程度远高于城商行和农商行;第三,中国银行业利润效率整体呈上升趋势,其中,股份制银行的利润效率水平位居榜首,城商行利润效率自2011年以来一路上升,2021年增长到0.5872,而农商行的利润效率水平最低。

明清齐鲁商人义利观考辨

依据山东各地方志,鲁商在经营活动中注重赢利,精明多智,他们的谋略是君子略。从经商目的、赢利后对财富的支配使用等方面分析,可以看到儒家义利思想对鲁商的深刻影响,鲁商的“义”与“利”是结合在一起的。

企业社会责任的“责任”究竟是什么

企业社会责任是从企业主体性出发,在保持好组织绩效的基础上,对员工和在地社区负责,并传递、展示和倡导积极的社会公共价值。企业社会责任是“有限”责任。企业是一种具有特殊性质的组织形式,负担的社会责任也必须与企业组织的固有特征以及特定企业的目标与使命相关。社会也应当适当降低对企业社会责任的预期,大致界定企业与其他社会组织的边界,防止企业承担无限责任。企业社会责任的履行应当寻求内生性的约束机制。传统的外部监管机制成本巨大,且不可能消除监管漏洞。企业社会责任履行机制的设计应当更多地考虑利用企业的存续高度依赖于其他社会成员合作的特性,以社会信用机制提高企业的合作成本与自律成本,形成有效约束力。为克服企业社会责任的履行困境,应改变观念,并从内生性约束角度规约企业行为,而不是通过无节制地加强监管或惩罚去实现,那样做只会耗费更多的社会成本却收效甚微。管理者必须做出根本的改变,理解企业组织和管理者自身的存在意义,拒绝功利主义的诱惑,敢于承担企业的“有限”社会责任,不负企业使命。

城市轨道交通企业财务表现能力研究

[目的]为了系统性地把握企业财务状况,提升城市轨道交通企业的经营决策能力,需研究城市轨道交通企业的财务表现能力。[方法]从营业总成本、盈利能力、偿债能力、营运能力和成长能力五个方面,统计分析了我国10座城市的轨道交通企业的营业总成本及人工成本、偿债能力比率、盈利能力比率、营运能力比率和成长能力比率,并基于此研究了企业的财务表现能力。[结果及结论]天津地铁存量PPP(公私合营)项目盘活资金超150亿元,减轻了政府债务负担。其他城市的轨道交通企业的营业总成本和人工成本整体呈上升趋势,建议通过PPP模式来减轻政府财务压力,提高成本效率。北京、成都、武汉、青岛、南京的轨道交通企业的长期偿债能力较弱。针对2021年成都、武汉、南京的轨道交通企业的负债程度偏高问题,建议采取光伏发电、地源热泵、共享车辆基地、设备国产化等措施减少企业成本。对于企业盈利偏低问题,建议通过提供运营服务咨询、运营管理服务等方式增加收入。

公权还是私利:中产阶层业主抗争的实践样态与本质诉求

随着大规模城市改造和住房商品化进程的持续推进,“业主抗争”作为一种新兴的社会现象日益引起学界的广泛关注。从“冲突—阶层”视角来看,中产阶层业主抗争与以公共权益维护为旨向的“业主维权”具有本质上的诉求差异。通过对中产阶层社区业主抗争行动背后的主观意志和目标导向的检视,可以发现其隐藏在“反应性诉求”外衣下的“竞争性诉求”的内核,而“分利集团”才是抗争业主群体的本质属性。其抗争争取的是个人私利,而非业主的公共权益,甚至他们对“私利”的争取是以牺牲“公权”为代价的。对于中产阶层业主抗争实践的分析,有助于在对中产阶层的社会稳定功能寄予厚望的同时保持审慎的理性。