Linking Perceived Risk of Public Health Emergency to Psychological Distress among Chinese College Students: The Chain Mediation Role of Balanced Time Perspective and Negative Coping Styles

Background:With public health emergencies(PHE)worldwide increasing,the perceived risk of PHE has been one of the critical factors influencing college students’psychological distress.However,the mechanisms by which the perceived risk of PHE affects college students’psychological distress are not clear.The study’s purpose was to investigate the mediation roles of deviation from a balanced time perspective(DBTP)and negative coping styles between the perceived risk of PHE and psychological distress.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to survey 1054 Chinese college students with self-reporting.Data was collected using the Public Risk Perception Scale(PRPS),the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI),the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),the PHE Anxiety Scale,and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ).The associations between the perceived risk of PHE,DBTP,negative coping styles,and psychological distress were clarified using the correlation analysis.Additionally,the mediating roles of DBTP and negative coping styles between the perceived risk of PHE and psychological distress were investigated using a structural equation model.Results:The findings revealed low to moderate correlations between the variables studied.Students’perceived risk of PHE was a positive predictor of their psychological distress(b=0.219,p<0.01).DBTP and negative coping styles played chain mediation roles between them with the effect being 0.009 and a 95%Boot CI of[0.003,0.023].This chain mediation model had an excellent fit index(χ^(2)/df=4.732,CFI=0.973,TLI=0.930,RMSEA=0.048,SRMR=0.047).Conclusion:These findings showed how the perceived risk of PHE affected college students’psychological distress.Specifically,these results suggested that improving students’mental ability to switch effectively among different time perspectives depending on task features and situational considerations and reducing their negative coping styles might be effective ways to promote their mental health.

Extension of Goal-Directed Behavior Model for Post-Pandemic Korean Travel Intentions to Alternative Local Destinations: Perceived Risk and Knowledge

Since the outbreak of COVID-19,tourists have been increasingly concerned over various risks of international travel,while knowledge of the pandemic appears to vary significantly.In addition,as travel restrictions continue to impact adversely on international tourism,tourism efforts should be placed more on the domestic markets.Via structural equation modeling,this study unearthed different risk factors impacting Korean travelers’choices of alternative local destinations in the post-pandemic era.In addition,this study extended the goal-directed behavior framework with the acquisition of perceived risk and knowledge of COVID-19,which was proven to hold a sig-nificantly superior explanatory power of tourists’decisions of local alternatives over foreign countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.Furthermore,desire was found to play an imminent mediating role in the conceptual mod-el,maximizing the impact of perceived risk on travel intentions.Henceforth,this research offers meaningful the-oretical implication as thefirst empirical study to deepen the goal-directed behaviour framework with perceived risk and knowledge in the context of post-COVID-19 era.It also serves as insightful knowledge for Korean tour-ism authorities and practitioners to understand local tourists’decision-making processes and tailor effective recovery strategy for domestic tourism.

The Influence of Perceived Risk on Purchase Intention——A Case study of Taobao Online Shopping of Fresh Fruit

Based on perceived risk,the impacts of different kinds of risks on consumer's purchase intention are tested by using the investigation data of 2016,and perceived risks of consumers from different groups have different impacts on purchase intention. Via interviews and online questionnaires,425 copies of effective samples were obtained. The structural equation modeling is used for research. Results display that product risk significantly affects purchase intention,and perceived risk among different groups has significant difference. According to research conclusion,the authors think that consumer should actively collect all kinds of information and take effective risk avoidance measures; Taobao platform should continuously perfect purchase rule,punish the behavior of leaking buyers' information,and continuously update Alipay software to prevent hacker intrusion; business should guarantee product quality,open information and make scientific marketing strategy.

An Empirical Study on the Genetically Modified Food Risk Perceived by the College Students with Different Majors

The debate about the safety of genetically modified foods has never stopped,and different consumers have different judgments. On the basis of literature research,this paper designs the corresponding questionnaire for empirical analysis. With the college students as the object of study,this paper explores the differences in perceived genetically modified food risk by the college students with different majors,as well as the differences in the information processing mode adopted by the college students with different majors,and the differences in the perceived risk after adopting different information processing mode. The results show that there are significant differences in the perceived genetically modified food risk among the college students with different majors,the economics students have the highest average perceived risk; there are also significant differences in the information processing mode adopted by the college students with different majors,and the perceived risk is different when using the heuristic information processing mode.

Dimensions of Consumer's Perceived Risk in Online Shopping

Perceived risk is an important concept in consumer behavior in online shopping. It impedes the adopting online shopping. A structure model with seven factors of consumer's perceived risk in online shopping is developed in this paper. The results have the descriptive power about Chinese consumers' perceived risk in Internet shopping and provide framework for managerial use in China's e-commerce market environment.

The Impact of E-Commerce Live Broadcasts on Consumers’Purchase Intention

E-commerce live broadcast has an important influence on consumers’purchase intention.The three dimensions of live broadcast content in the broadcast room are the number of comments,product quality,and live content as independent variables.A theoretical model is constructed with perceived value and risk as intermediaries and the consumers’purchase intention as the dependent variable,and corresponding hypotheses are put forward.We designed the scale,collected relevant data,and tested the model hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS)and Analysis of Moment Structure(AMOS)software.The study found that the number of comments and product quality had a significant impact on perceived value,perceived risk,and consumers’purchase intention.From this conclusion,it is suggested that businesses should control the number of comments,strengthen the product quality of comments,and distinguish the repetition degree of the content of live broadcasts.

Consumer Risk Perceptions in Mobile Health Services Adoption: Do They Matter?

The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the role of consumer perceived risks in the adoption of mobile health services. A theoretical model including the perceived risk associated with the activity targeted by a mobile health service and the perceived risk associated with the mobile service itself was developed and tested empirically in the context of an application supporting smoking cessation. The model was validated in a cross-sectional experiment conducted with 422 consumers in the UK and Canada. Findings show that while risk triggered by the nature of a health promotion activity is a strong driver of the adoption of the supporting mobile health service, risk related to the actual application targeting that activity is a comparatively weaker obstacle. The two contrasting risk perspectives are highly significant as they together explain over 31% of the variance in consumer intention to use the mobile health service, independently from other adoption factors. Overall, this study demonstrates that consumer risk perceptions alone are a multifaceted and meaningful component in mobile health services adoption, and that this element should not be overlooked in more complex research models.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health-promoting lifestyle behaviors:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To explore health-improving behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic and to reveal the impact of the risk perception of COVID-19 on these behaviors.Methods:We recruited a total of 510 participants for this cross-sectional study.The data were collected online using a questionnaire booklet covering a form inquiring about the participants’demographic,physical,and mental characteristics,the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale,and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale.Results:The mean age of the participants was(28.7±10.1)years,and 76.1%were females.Of the participants,31.8%were overweight and obese.While 35.1%experienced negative alterations in their dietary patterns,23.9%reported positive changes to their diet during the pandemic.Besides,47.8%reported their sleep to be negatively affected during the pandemic.While the rate of those with extended screen time was 72.5%,it was 44.3%for the participants engaging in regular exercise.More than one-third of the participants(35.9%)had high and severe anxiety.We also found increased risk perception of COVID-19 among females,obese,those with disturbed eating and sleep quality,healthcare workers,and those with severe anxiety.Conclusions:Overall,the pandemic has appeared to have brought both positive and negative impacts on maintaining and improving eating,sleep,physical activity,and mental health.

How Does the Internet Impact the Public's Perception of Information Security Risk?

Clarifying the relationship between internet use and public information security risk perception helps us gain a better understanding of the factors influencing public risk perception.However,the relationship is still under-explored.This paper empirically examines the relationship between internet use and information security risk perception based on data from the 2021 Chinese Social Survey.It was found that whether to use the internet and the frequency of use are both significantly positively correlated with the perception of information security risk.On this basis,the mechanism by which internet use affects public information security risk perceptions is verified from the perspective of interpersonal trust.The mechanism analysis found that interpersonal trust exerts an indirect effect between internet use and perceived information security risk.The findings of this study provide new insights for our further understanding of how internet use affects residents'perceptions of securityrisk.

Factors influencing the internet banking adoption decision in North Cyprus: an evidence from the partial least square approach of the structural equation modeling

Purpose:This paper aims to examine how the adoption decision of the internet banking in North Cyprus would be affected based on the following dimensions;the technology features,the personal characteristics,the social environment and the expected risk.Design/methodology/approach:A self-administered survey was conducted with 291 participants responded to it.The partial least square approach of the structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)is employed to investigate the direct effects of the proposed factors on the adoption decision.Additionally,the mediation test is used to examine indirect effects.Findings:Results showed that even though the participants appreciated the benefits of the online banking as the perceived usefulness factor exerts the greatest direct effect,they would rather use clear and easy-to-use websites,adding to that their assessments of the usefulness of these services are significantly influenced by the surrounding people’s views and prior experience.This is demonstrated by the total effects of the perceived ease of use and the subjective norm factors,which are greater than the direct effect of the perceived usefulness factor since both of these factors have significant direct and indirect effects mediated by the perceived usefulness factor.The negative impact of the perceived risk factor is weak compared to the previous factors.While the personal innovativeness factor showed the weakest effect among the proposed factors.

Heterogeneous individuals’behavioral biases model and numerical simulation

A model of the relationships between individual cognitive biases and individual decision-making based on the analysis of cognitive biases of bonded rationality individual,has been established in this paper by introducing a set of new variables called overconfidence coefficient and attribution bias coefficient to the sentiment model. The irrational expectation and irrational risk aversion as two inseparable aspects of bonded rationality are expressed in an unified model,and a method of measuring individual cognitive biases is proposed,which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional normative models that can not describe the differences of behaviors among heterogeneous individuals. As a result,numerical simulations show that individual cognitive risk is a positive interaction with overconfidence coefficient,and a negative interaction with attribution bias coefficient.

Market Analysis: A Strategy to Increase Visits of Domestic Tourist Post Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali

This research will concentrate on the marketing strategy of diving and snorkeling tourism attractions in several areas,namely,Pemuteran and Tulemben.This study uses a mix method,which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis.The sample was determined to be 250 domestic tourists by purposive sampling method.Data analysis was performed by quantitative descriptive analysis.Data presentation is presented in tabular form and strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis.The results showed that the characteristics of tourists who come to Bali to do diving are grouped into four categories,namely,“ecotourist”,knowledge motivation(23%),“adventure”,tourists with motivation to increase their ability/competence(21%),“ego tourists”,tourists with motivation to establish relationships with relationships(16%),and“picnickers”,tourists with motivation to relax and external influence or invite friends(39%).This means that tourists who dive in Bali are divers with the type of“picnickers”with a young,educated age,beginner certificates with one to five years of diving experience.The perception of tourists towards diving tourism in Bali also shows a positive perception,with an average of 4.2 or very good.This shows that diving tourism in Bali has a very good market in future development.The development model with market penetration and product diversification of nyegaragunung become a positioning model for Bali diving tourism combined with spiritual activities in the area around diving tourism areas.The nyegaragunung tourism model has become a combination model for existing tourism products,such as the Menjangan Island area with the location of Pura Pulau Menjangan,and Tulamben with the Spiritual Yoga Bunutan tourism area.This combination of products will be able to provide benefits to increasing the number of tourist visits and the conservation of water areas.

Consumers and Food Safety： Trust and Understanding of Lebanese Standards

The recent succession of food crisis and the rise of food scare have endangered the relationship of trust between the consumers and the primary food production parties： raisers, growers, industrial partners, distributors, public institutions, as well as the secondary food production parties： consumer groups and medias. Facing a potentially risky product, the consumer in his collect of risk diminishing information, should be able to trust something or someone. But in order to trust a risk diminishing element, he must first trust its emitter. In order to enhance consumer perception towards Lebanese food safety, we began a survey on a sample of a population randomly selected. The study found significant difference among education levels concerning attitude towards food safety and knowledge. No significant effect of demographic profile and sex on food handling practices was found. These findings increase concerns about consumer safety knowledge and practices. It is advised that a national survey should be conducted, followed by a properly designed food safety public health campaign, to enhance household food safety awareness.

An Empirical Study on Purchasing Intention of Online Group-buying in China

In recent years, the development of electronic commerce has led to the creation of many new and interesting business models for intemet-based buying, and online group-buying has become an effective form of it. Online group-buying is a model in which consumers collaborate and purchase a good at a discounted price. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of reputation, price and service on purchasing intention through mediator which is perceived risk. To empirically test the proposed model, a survey was conducted and 140 samples were collected. The result of this study shows price has a significant effect on purchasing intention through perceived risk. This result also shows service and reputation have an insignificant relationship with perceived risk. Therefore, online group-buying retailers should not only focus on making money from the business but also consider how to keep consumers for future business.

Perceived Risk of Securities Investment with Dividend

Perceived risk is an important concept in behavioral finance. In this paper, we establish a model of the perceived risk dividend, and study the relation between dividend and the perceived risk. We show that dividend and the perceived risk are negative relation.

The Influence of IWOM on Restaurant Consumers’ Purchase Intentions: Taking PANGGELIA as an Example

This paper explores the factors influencing consumers’willingness to purchase under the influence of IWOM,taking perceived risk as the theoretical framework.The factors influencing consumers’willingness to purchase under IWOM are investigated from three perspectives:perceived functional risk,perceived psychological risk,and perceived financial risk.A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods is used to derive the questionnaire theory using the interview method.The research findings are drawn using the questionnaire method and combined with the path analysis method.Based on the research results,relevant suggestions and countermeasures are proposed for such IWOM-influenced restaurants.

Lower Partial Moments as Measures of Perceived Risk： An Experimental Study in China

The paper reports an experiment in China on individual investors＇ risk perception. The main findings are similar with the results in Matthias （2000）, but the absolute value of correlation coefficients between risk measures and risk ratings are higher.

Risk perception and safety analysis on petroleum production system of three gas fields in Bangladesh

Accidents are common in the petroleum industry.The risk of accidents can be easily minimized by understand-ing the harm early in the production system.This study presents a perception-based risk and safety analysis of petroleum production systems.Data were collected from three fields operated by Sylhet Gas Fields Limited in Bangladesh.The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS)software was used to analyze the data.The results were then subjected to a frequency analysis,an analysis of variance(ANOVA),and a reliability analysis.The frequency analysis indicated the overall safety situation,and the ANOVA models and reliability analysis sub-stantiated the results.A chi-squared test indicated the association between the datasets.The outcomes of the risk matrix indicated various risk levels,such as low,moderate,and high.According to the implicit risks,necessary measures were recommended for the industry’s future.

Sender and receiver experience alters the response of fish to disturbance cues

Predation is a pervasive selection pressure,shaping morphological,physiological,and behavioral phenotypes of prey species.Recent studies have begun to examine how the effects of individual experience with predation risk shapes the use of publicly available risk assessment cues.Here,we investigated the effects of prior predation risk experience on disturbance cue production and use by Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata under laboratory conditions.In our first experiment,we demonstrate that the response of guppies from a high predation population(Lopinot River)was dependent upon the source of disturbance cue senders(high vs.low predation populations).However,guppies collected from a low predation site(Upper Aripo River)exhibited similar responses to disturbance cues,regardless of the sender population.In our second experiment,we used laboratory strain guppies exposed to high versus low background risk conditions.Our results show an analogous response patterns as shown for our first experiment.Guppies exposed to high background risk conditions exhibited stronger responses to the disturbance cues collected from senders exposed to high(vs.low)risk conditions and guppies exposed to low risk conditions were not influenced by sender experience.Combined,our results suggest that experience with background predation risk significantly impacts both the production of and response to disturbance cues in guppies.