The global,prevalence,and risk factors of postoperative fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:This study aimed to explore the global,prevalence,and risk factors of fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:The high-sensitivity searching was conducted without time limitation until December 30,2020 in Web of Sciences,Scopus,and PubMed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:The prevalence rates of fever and sepsis among patient undergoing PCNL were estimated 9.5%(95%confidence interval[CI]:9.3%-9.7%),and 4.5%(95%CI:4.2%-4.8%),respectively.Nephrostomy tube was used in 9.96%(95%CI:9.94%-9.97%)of patients.The mean preoperative white blood cells of patients were 6.401×109/L;18.3%and 4.55%of patients were considered as the positive urinary culture and pyuria,respectively.About 20.4%of patients suffered from residual stones.The odds ratios(ORs)of fever in patients who suffering from diabetes mellitus,hydronephrosis,staghorn stones,and blood transfusion were 4.62(95%CI:2.95-7.26),1.04(95%CI:0.81-1.34),2.57(95%CI:0.93-7.11),and 2.65(95%CI:1.62-4.35),respectively.Patients who underwent PCNL in prone position were more likely to develop fever(OR:1.23;95%CI:0.75-2.00)than patients in supine position.Conclusion:The current study showed that patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus,hydronephrosis,staghorn stones,nephrostomy tube or double-J stent,blood transfusion,and also patients who underwent PCNL in prone position surgery are more likely to develop a postoperative fever after PCNL.

Perioperative and long-term results of ultrasonography-guided single-and multiple-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi

BACKGROUND It is possible that this condition will lead to urosepsis and progressive deterioration of renal function in the absence of surgical intervention.Several recent clinical studies have shown that multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)has a similar stone free rate(SFR)as standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy(S-PCNL).As a result,M-PCNL was also recommended as a treatment option for staghorn calculi.AIM To examine the perioperative and long-term results of ultrasonography-guided single-and M-PCNL.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study.Between March 2021 and January 2022,the urology department of our hospital selected patients for the treatment of staghorn calculi using percutaneous nephrolithotomy.The primary outcomes were com plication rate and SFR,and the characteristics of patients,operative parameters,laboratory measurements were also collected.RESULTS In total,345 patients were enrolled in the study(186 in the S-PCNL group and 159 in the M-PCNL group).The SFR in the M-PCNL group was significantly higher than that in the S-PCNL group(P=0.033).Moreover,the incidence rates of hydrothorax(P=0.03)and postoperative infection(P=0.012)were higher in the M-PCNL group than in the S-PCNL group.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that post-operative white blood cell count(OR=2.57,95%CI:1.90-3.47,P<0.001)and stone size(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.27-2.00,P<0.001)were associated with a higher overall complication rate in the S-PCNL group.Body mass index(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.06-1.40,P=0.004)and stone size(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.35-2.15,P<0.001)were associated with increased overall complications in the M-PCNL group.CONCLUSION Multiple access tracts can facilitate higher SFR while slightly increasing the incidence of acceptable complications.

Metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective:To identify possible stone-promoting microbes,we compared the profiles of microbes grown from stones of patients with and without metabolic syndrome(MetS).The association between MetS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact pathophysiologic relationship remains unknown.Recent evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nephrolithiasis risk.Methods:At the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from patients with and without MetS.Both sample types were subjected to expanded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results:Fifty-seven patients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 MetS patients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with respect to demographics and non-MetS comorbidities.No controls had uric acid stone composition.By EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in MetS stones(42.2%)compared to controls(8.3%)(p=0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of MetS patients compared to controls.To validate our EQUC results,we performed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.In 12/16(75.0%)sequence-positive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one species of the sequenced genera.Bacteria were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone compositions.Conclusion:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in MetS stones than control stones.Our findings support a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for patients with MetS regardless of stone composition.

Predictive factors for percutaneous nephrolithotomy bleeding risks

Objective:This study aimed to identify predictive factors for percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)bleeding risks.With better risk stratification,bleeding in high-risk patient can be anticipated and facilitates early identification.Methods:A prospective observational study of PCNL performed at our institution was done.All adults with radio-opaque renal stones planned for PCNL were included except those with coagulopathy,planned for additional procedures.Factors including gender,co-morbidities,body mass index,stone burden,puncture site,tract dilatation size,operative position,surgeon's seniority,and operative duration were studied using stepwise multivariate regression analysis to identify the predictive factors associated with higher estimated hemoglobin(Hb)deficiency.Results:Overall,4.86%patients(n=7)received packed cells transfusion.The mean estimated Hb deficiency was 1.3(range 0-6.5)g/dL and the median was 1.0 g/dL.Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that absence of hypertension(p=0.024),puncture site(p=0.027),and operative duration(p=0.023)were significantly associated with higher estimated Hb deficiency.However,the effect sizes are rather small with partial eta-squared of 0.037,0.066,and 0.038,respectively.Observed power obtained was 0.621,0.722,and 0.625,respectively.Other factors studied did not correlate with Hb difference.Conclusion:Hypertension,puncture site,and operative duration have significant impact on estimated Hb deficiency during PCNL.However,the effect size is rather small despite adequate study power obtained.Nonetheless,operative position(supine or prone),puncture number,or tract dilatation size did not correlate with Hb difference.The mainstay of reducing bleeding in PCNL is still meticulous operative technique.Our study findings also suggest that PCNL can be safely done by urology trainees under supervision in suitably selected patient,without increasing risk of bleeding.

Reliability of nephrolithometric nomograms in patients treated with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A precision study

Objectives:The study aimed to evaluate quality of nephrolithometric nomograms to predict stone-free rates(SFRs)and complication rates(CRs)in case of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL).In the last decade,nomograms have been introduced to estimate the SFRs and CRs of PNL.However,no data are available regarding their reliability in case of utilization of miniaturized devices.Herein we present a prospective multicentric study to evaluate reliability of Guy’s stone score(GSS),the stone size,tract length,obstruction,number of involved calyces,and essence of stone(S.T.O.N.E.)nephrolithometry score and Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society(CROES)score in patients treated with minimally invasive PNL.Methods:We evaluated SFRs and CRs of 222 adult patients treated with miniaturized PNL.Patients were considered stone-free if no residual fragments of any size at post-operative unenhanced computed tomography scan.Patients demographics,SFRs,and CRs were reported and analyzed.Performances of nomograms were evaluated with the area under the curve(AUC).Results:We included 222 patients,the AUCs of GSS,CROES score,and S.T.O.N.E.nephrolithometry score were 0.69(95%confidence interval[CI]0.61-0.78),0.64(95%CI 0.56-0.73),and 0.62(95%CI 0.52-0.71),respectively.Regarding SFRs,at multivariate binomial logistic regression,only the GSS had significance with an odds ratio of 0.53(95%CI 0.31e0.95,p=0.04).We did not find significant correlation with complications,with only a trend for GSS.Conclusion:This is the first study evaluating nomograms in miniaturized PNL.They still show good reliability;however,our data showed lower performances compared to standard PNL.We emphasize the need of further studies to confirm this trend.A dedicated nomogram for minimally invasive PNL may be necessary.

Miniaturization in percutaneous nephrolithotomy:What is new?

Objective:To summarize recent advancements in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mini-PCNL)in surgical technique,stone removal strategy,lithotripsy,and surgical model from the current literature.Methods:We conducted a narrative review of relevant English-language articles up to October 2022 using the PubMed and Web of Science databases.The following keywords were used in the search:“percutaneous nephrolithotomy”,“minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy”,“mini-PCNL”,“mini-perc”,“mPCNL”,and“miniaturization”.Results:A series of new progress has been made in many aspects of mini-PCNL,such as further reduction of tract sizedneedle perc and further improvement of robotic-assisted PCNLdartificial intelligence-powered robotic devices.Conclusion:Many studies and trials have been conducted to reduce morbidity and increase the safety and effectiveness of mini-PCNL.It is crucial to realize that miniaturization of PCNL requires not only a smaller percutaneous tract size,but also an adjustment strategically in renal access,stone removal,lithotripsy,and surgical model in general.More large-scale prospective research needs to be carried out to further validate and optimize the safety and effectiveness of mini-PCNL.

Stone-scoring systems for predicting complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A systematic review of the literature

Objective:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a treatment of choice for larger stones of the upper urinary tract.Currently,several nephrolithometric nomograms for prediction of post-operative surgical outcomes have been proposed,although uncertainties still exist regarding their roles in the estimation of complications.Methods:We conducted a systematic review on PubMed and Web of Sciences databases including English studies with at least 100 cases and published between January 2010 and December 2021.We identified original articles evaluating correlations between the Guy’s stone score,the stone size(S),tract length(T),obstruction(O),number of involved calices(N),and essence or stone density(E)(S.T.O.N.E.),Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society(CROES),and Seoul National University Renal Stone Complexity(S-ReSC)scores and post-operative complications in adult patients.We also included newly designed nomograms for prediction of specific complications.Results:After an initial search of 549 abstracts,we finally included a total of 18 papers.Of them,11 investigated traditional nephrolithometric nomograms,while seven newly designed nomograms were used to predict specific complications.Overall,7316 patients have been involved.In total,14 out of 18 papers are derived from retrospective single-center studies.Guy’s stone score obtained correlation with complications in five,S.T.O.N.E.nephrolithometry score in four,while CROES score and S-ReSC score in three and two,respectively.None of the studies investigated minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)and all cases have been conducted in prone position.Considering newly designed nomograms,none of them is currently externally validated;five of them predict post-operative infections;the remaining two have been designed for thromboembolic events and urinary leakage.Conclusion:This review presents all nomograms currently available in the PCNL field and highlights a certain number of concerns.Published data have appeared contradictory;more recent tools for prediction of post-operative complications are frequently based on small retrospective cohorts and lack external validations.Heterogeneity among studies has also been noticed.More rigorous validations are advisable in the future,involving larger prospective patients’series and with the comparison of different tools.

A pilot clinical study of developing an External Assist Targeting Device for rapid and precise renal calyx access during percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective:To design a device to increase the accuracy of the targeting process and reduce the radiation exposure to both the patients and the medical staff.Methods:We analyzed the inherent problem and designed the External Assist Targeting Device(EATD)to assist in the alignment of needle targeting on the desired renal calyx under fluoroscopic guidance.The EATD was designed to allow rapid and precise access to calyces at all angles,with a simple two-step puncture protocol developed for puncturing a target renal calyx.We then tested the device in a pilot human trial with four patients.Results:In experiments with phantom models,the time for successful targeting was reduced by 31%using the device.The mean fluoroscopic time was reduced by 40%.In initial human trial,the puncture time was shortened by 66%and the radiation dose was decreased by 65%compared to free-hand technique.No complication was observed during the trial.Conclusion:The EATD was found to be cost effective,portable,simple to set up,and safe to operate for assisting in the percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures.Our preliminary tests showed high degree of accuracy in gaining precise access to a targeted renal calyx with much shorter time and lesser radiation dose.The EATD also has the potential to be used to access other organs with precision under fluoroscopic guidance.

输尿管软镜与微通道经皮肾镜碎石术治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石的疗效比较

目的探讨一次性电子输尿管软镜治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石的疗效和安全性。方法2021年1月~2022年12月我院78例老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石,按照术式分为FURL组[一次性电子输尿管软镜碎石术(flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy,FURL)42例]和MPCNL组[微通道经皮肾镜碎石术(minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL)36例],比较2组手术时间、碎石时间、术后血红蛋白下降值、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、住院时间、术后1周和4周结石清除率(stone free rate,SFR)、二次治疗率和并发症发生率等。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。FURL组血红蛋白下降值(4.4±1.6)g/L,显著低于MPCNL组(24.7±4.6)g/L(t=-25.342,P=0.000);FURL组术后疼痛VAS评分(1.6±0.4)分,显著低于MPCNL组(5.6±0.9)分(t=-25.642,P=0.000);FURL组碎石时间(82.5±10.2)min,明显长于MPCNL组(53.8±8.4)min(t=13.437,P=0.000);FURL组手术时间(98.3±12.5)min,与MPCNL组(96.7±11.8)min比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.555,P=0,581);FURL组住院时间(3.5±1.5)d,显著短于MPCNL组住院时间(8.6±1.7)d(t=-13.947,P=0.000)。FURL组并发症发生率26.2%(11/42),与MPCNL组27.8%(10/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.025,P=0.875)。FURL组二次治疗率19.0%(8/42),与MPCNL组11.1%(4/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.938,P=0.333)。FURL组术后1周SFR 54.8%(23/42),明显低于MPCNL组86.1%(31/36)(χ^(2)=8.943,P=0.003);FURL组术后4周SFR 90.5%(38/42),与MPCNL组91.7%(33/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.000,P=1.000)。结论一次性电子输尿管软镜治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石效果显著,具有创伤小、恢复快、出血少、并发症发生率低、住院时间短等优势,值得在临床上推广应用。

美国麻醉医师协会分级在局部麻醉经皮肾镜碎石取石术的上尿路结石患者中的应用评价

目的分析美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级在行局部麻醉经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)的上尿路结石患者中的应用价值。方法将80例行局部麻醉PCNL的上尿路结石患者根据ASA分级分为高危组(ASA分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)36例和低危组(ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)44例,比较2组围术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间)、结石清除率、炎性因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及并发症发生率。结果低危组住院时间短于高危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);低危组结石清除率为93.18%,高于高危组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,高危组血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平高于低危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d,高危组术后血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平高于低危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、3、5 d时,高危组和低危组VAS评分均降低,且低危组VAS评分低于高危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低危组并发症发生率为4.54%,低于高危组的19.44%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论局部麻醉PCNL治疗ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的上尿路结石患者的炎症反应、疼痛程度较ASA分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级患者轻,且并发症发生率低。

输尿管软镜碎石取石术治疗直径≤2 cm的肾结石的疗效及对肾功能和炎症相关指标的影响

目的 分析输尿管软镜碎石取石术(RIRS)治疗肾结石(直径≤2 cm)的疗效及对肾功能和炎症的影响。方法 选取2020年1月-2022年12月该院收治的肾结石(直径≤2 cm)患者194例,采用随机数表法分为超微经皮肾镜取石术(SMP)组(97例)和RIRS组(97例),分别给予SMP和RIRS治疗,两组患者术后均随访1周。比较两组患者手术情况、肾功能、应激反应、炎症相关指标和并发症发生情况。结果RIRS组肾造瘘管留置时间和住院时间短于SMP组,术中出血量少于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。两组患者术后1周血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C (Cys-C)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子-1 (KIM-1)水平,以及术后24 h血清活性氧(ROS)、肾上腺素(AD)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、前列腺素E2 (PGE2)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平较术前升高,且RIRS组低于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。RIRS组随访期间的并发症总发生率低于SMP组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 与SMP相比,RIRS治疗肾结石(直径≤2 cm),具有创伤小、出血少、肾功能损害小、术后应激反应轻、炎症反应轻和安全性高等优势,可促进患者术后恢复。

血清MFG-E8与肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后的相关性

目的 探讨血清乳脂肪球表皮生长因子8(MFG-E8)与肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后的相关性。方法 选取2020年3月—2021年3月我院行经皮肾镜取石术进行治疗的96例肾结石患者为研究对象,根据术后3个月患者是否发生肾损伤将患者分为预后不良组(32例)和预后良好组(64例)。采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测MFG-E8水平,分析其水平变化与肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后的相关性,并根据血清MFG-E8水平绘制ROC曲线,评估其对肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后的价值。结果 单因素分析结果显示,结石大小、结石形状与肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后无关(P>0.05),预后不良组患者Scr、BUN、胱抑素C(CysC)、TNF-α、急性生理与与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)水平显著高于预后良好组,而eGFR、血清MFG-E8水平显著低于预后良好组(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清MFG-E8水平与Scr、BUN、CysC、血清人单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、IL-6、TNF-α、APACHEⅡ呈负相关关系,与eGFR呈正相关关系(均P<0.05)。血清MFG-E8水平截断值为217.56 pg/ml时,评估肾结石患者经皮肾镜治疗预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.69(95%CI:1.138~2.259),敏感度和特异度分别为77.46%和68.35%;血清MCP-1评估肾结石患者经皮肾镜治疗预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.68(95%CI:1.112~2.147),敏感度和特异度分别为76.36%和69.25%;血清Scr评估肾结石患者经皮肾镜治疗预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.72(95%CI:1.169~2.248),敏感度和特异度分别为78.29%和67.43%;三者联合检测评估肾结石患者经皮肾镜治疗预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.76(95%CI:1.248~2.356),敏感度和特异度分别为81.37%和69.45%。结论 肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后不良患者血清MFG-E8水平异常降低,其水平与肾结石患者肾损伤程度密切相关,血清MFG-E8可作为肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后评估的重要依据。

斜跨位经皮肾镜手术的临床探索及上尿路结石微创治疗的整体策略 (“大家泌尿网”观看手术视频)

经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)是治疗复杂性肾结石的一线手段,可在多种体位下被实施。斜跨位是一种灵活便利、安全有效的体位,可在该单一体位下联合经皮肾镜与逆行入路手术,因此适用于治疗复杂性肾结石。本文回顾了斜跨位PCNL的诞生、特点与优势,及其在复杂性肾结石治疗上的应用,并以此为基础,进一步提出了上尿路结石整体微创治疗策略。

日间无管化经皮肾镜碎石取石术的临床经验总结及可行性分析 (“大家泌尿网”观看手术视频)

经皮肾镜碎石取石术是治疗上尿路结石的重要方法之一,日间无管化手术是其重要的发展方向。日间无管化经皮肾镜碎石取石术能够提高患者的住院体验并缩短住院时间,但也存在发生术后残石处理困难、输尿管引流不畅导致尿液外渗等术后并发症的风险。日间无管化经皮肾镜碎石取石术尚无指南共识指导,本文结合本中心经验及相关文献报道,总结分享日间无管化经皮肾镜手术的技术要点并探讨其常规开展的可行性。

血清HBD-3、DCR3对复杂性肾结石患者经皮肾镜碎石术后尿路感染的预测价值

目的分析血清β-防御素-3(HBD-3)、诱骗受体3(DCR3)对复杂性肾结石患者经皮肾镜碎石术后尿路感染的预测价值。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月河北省沧州中西医结合医院收治的112例复杂性肾结石患者为研究对象进行回顾性研究,所有患者均行经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL),根据术后感染情况将患者分为非尿路感染组52例、尿路感染组60例。比较两组一般资料及HBD-3、DCR3水平。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、HBD-3、DCR3水平对术后尿路感染的预测价值。结果与非尿路感染组比较,尿路感染组的HBD-3[(0.77±0.08)ng/mL vs.(1.36±0.25)ng/mL,P=0.001]、DCR3[(4.68±0.53)ng/mL vs.(13.21±0.28)ng/mL,P=0.001]水平较高。多因素logistics回归分析显示,泌尿道手术史、术前尿路感染、手术时间、导尿管留置时间、结石负荷、抗菌药物种类、合并肾功能障碍、术中通道类型CRP、PCT、HBD-3、DCR3为患者术后尿路感染的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,CRP、PCT、CRP联合PCT准确度分别为70.54%、72.32%、78.57%;HBD-3、DCR3、HBD-3联合DCR3准确度分别为69.64%、75.89%、86.61%。结论复杂性肾结石患者术后尿路感染与多种因素相关,且术后尿路感染患者HBD-3、DCR3表达水平较高,联合检测对术后尿路感染具有较高的预测价值。

经皮肾镜取石术分期治疗结石性脓肾临床效果的Meta分析

目的本研究旨在评价Ⅰ期经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)和Ⅰ期经皮肾穿刺造瘘术(PCN)、Ⅱ期PCNL治疗结石性脓肾患者的临床疗效,以确定此类患者最佳手术方案的选择。方法全面检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和EMBASE数据库以及中国知网、万方、维普数据库,于2012年1月—2022年10月发表的有关于结石性脓肾研究的文章,并根据纳入和排除标准选择文献。在检索数据并评价文献质量后,采用Review Manager software(RevMan 5.4.3,Cochrane协作网,Oxford,UK)进行Meta分析。结果本文从105项研究中选择了11项共688例患者。其中347例接受Ⅰ期PCNL治疗,341例患者接受Ⅰ期PCN及Ⅱ期PCNL治疗(以下简称Ⅱ期PCNL)。Meta分析结果显示:Ⅰ期PCNL和Ⅱ期PCNL在结石清除率(P=0.95)、手术时间(P=0.48)、术后感染性休克(P=0.36)、肾周积液感染(P=0.27)方面差异无统计学意义;Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期PCNL在术后发热(P=0.03)、留置肾造瘘管时间(P<0.01)、住院费用(P<0.01)、住院时间(P<0.01)、术后住院时间(P=0.02)方面差异有统计学意义。对于结石性脓肾患者的治疗,以上2种方案在结石清除率、手术时间、术后发生肾周积液感染及感染性休克的发生方面类似。虽然Ⅰ期PCNL术后发热的患者更多,但是住院费用更低,留置肾造瘘管时间、总住院时间、术后住院时间更短。结论Ⅰ期PCNL治疗肾及输尿管上段结石合并脓肾是经济、安全、有效的,在临床实践中具备一定的推广价值。

一期逆行输尿管软镜碎石术与经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石患者的效果

目的 一期逆行输尿管软镜碎石术(FURL)与经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗肾结石(KS)患者的效果。方法 回顾性收集郑州大学第一附属医院2022年3月至2023年3月收治的98例KS患者病例资料,按手术方案不同分两组。以接受一期逆行FURL治疗的49例患者列为观察组,以接受PCNL治疗的49例患者列为对照组。对比两组围手术期指标、术前和术后2 d肾功能[血尿素氮(BUN)、尿肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、血肌酐(Scr)]、炎症因子[白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、IL-10、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、应激指标[皮质醇(Cor)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)]水平、结石清除率、并发症发生率。结果 与对照组对比,观察组术中出血量更少,手术耗时、住院用时更短(P<0.05);与术前对比,术后2 d,两组血清BUN、KIM-1、Scr水平升高,但观察组较对照组低(P<0.05);与术前对比,术后2 d,两组血清IL-1、IL-10、CRP水平升高,但观察组较对照组低(P<0.05);与术前对比,术后2 d,两组血清Cor、ACTH、NE水平升高,但观察组较对照组低(P<0.05);两组结石清除率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组并发症发生率[2.04%(1/49)]较对照组[16.33%(8/49)]低(P<0.05)。结论 一期逆行FURL与PCNL治疗KS患者在结石清除效果相当,但前者能进一步减少术中出血量,缩短手术耗时及住院用时,降低并发症发生风险,同时术后应激及炎症反应更小,对肾功能损伤更轻微。

肾上盏与肾中盏穿刺路径在经皮肾镜碎石术中的临床疗效对比

目的:探讨超声引导下肾上盏和肾中盏穿刺路径在经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)中的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2022年5月—2023年10月于宜昌市中心人民医院行PCNL的220例上尿路结石患者的临床资料,根据穿刺路径分为两组,经肾上盏穿刺为观察组(n=108),经肾中盏穿刺为对照组(n=112)。对比两组患者的治疗效果及手术并发症。结果:观察组患者手术时间(46.42±9.73 min vs 69.13±15.78 min)、住院时间(5.13±1.20天vs 6.29±1.53天)均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),观察组患者一期结石清除率(82.41%vs 71.43%)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者术后血红蛋白下降量及肌酐值无明显差异(均P>0.05)。两组患者术后并发症总发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:超声引导下经肾上盏穿刺路径行PCNL可缩短手术时间及住院时间,提高一期结石清除率,临床效果确切,安全有效。

以格林模式为指导的健康教育在经皮肾镜取石术病人围术期护理中的应用

目的:探讨以格林模式为指导的健康教育在经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)病人围术期护理中的应用效果。方法:选取泌尿外科2021年9月—2022年9月收治的PCNL病人106例为研究对象,应用随机数字表将病人分为观察组(n=53)和对照组(n=53),对照组行常规健康指导,观察组实施以格林模式为指导的健康教育,两组随访6个月,比较两组手术情况、干预前后预防结石知信行评分、自我护理能力评分及术后复发情况、病人对护理的满意度。结果:两组手术时间、术中出血量、一次取石成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组干预后预防结石知信行评分及自我护理能力评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后3个月、6个月的结石复发率低于对照组(P<0.05),而观察组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:以格林模式为指导的健康教育能有效提升PCNL病人预防结石知信行水平及自我护理能力,从而有效预防病人术后并发症及结石复发,提升病人护理满意度。

俯卧分腿位与传统俯卧位经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石的疗效比较

目的探讨俯卧分腿位在经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)中的应用效果。方法2021年7月~2022年7月我科79例上尿路结石行PCNL,根据手术体位分为俯卧分腿位组35例,传统俯卧位组44例,比较2组手术时间、手术出血量、术后与术前血红蛋白变化、术后并发症、一期结石清除率、住院时间等指标。结果俯卧分腿位组手术时间(69.6±20.7)min,明显短于传统俯卧位组[(90.5±35.3)min,t=-3.280,P=0.002],一期结石清除率97.1%(34/35),明显高于传统俯卧位组79.5%(35/44)(χ^(2)=3.984,P=0.037)。俯卧分腿位组术后感染1例,发热3例,出血1例;传统俯卧位组术后发热4例,出血2例,2组并发症发生率差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.000,P=1.000)。2组手术出血量、工作通道、血红蛋白变化和住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论俯卧分腿位行PCNL能缩短手术时间,提高一期结石清除率,且不会增加术后并发症风险,具有良好的安全性及有效性。