Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Intervening Vascular Remodeling after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Interventional therapy of coronary heart disease (CHD) includes percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), stent implantation etc. Owing to its revascularization without cardiac surgery, it has been the main effective method in treating CHD. But at the same time, there exists the problem of restenosis (RS). After PTCA, RS

Clinico-Angiographic Profile and Prevalence of Restenosis in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty to Left Main Coronary Artery: An Observational Cohort Study

Background: Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in left main coronary artery (LMCA) requires special concern, being high risk and increasing patient population. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile, angiographic status, and prevalence of restenosis in patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in LMCA. Materials and Methods: This observational cohort study included 17 patients who underwent PTCA in LMCA during one-year study period at tertiary care centers in Government Medical College, Kozhikode, India. Data including various risk factors, clinical and angiographic details, stent used, procedural complications and outcomes including rate of restenosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 17 patients (mean age 53.88 ± 9.80 years) with 76.47% of males were included in the study. Smoking and hypertension were the most common risk factors presented in 52.94% and 47.06% of patients respectively. Single vessel disease (SVD) of LMCA was the most common pattern observed in 47.10%;the rate of restenosis was observed in 11.76% patients. Revascularization was performed in one patient (5.88%) with coronary artery bypass graft and in one patient (5.88%) with PTCA using drug eluting stent (DES). The overall procedural success was 88.24% in this study. Survival rate was 100% at one-year follow-up period. Conclusion: Our study involved patients who underwent PTCA in LMCA, showed smoking as a most prevalent risk factor for coronary artery disease and SVD as a most common pattern, comparatively low rate of restenosis and 100% of survival rate at one-year follow-up period.

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY

Percutoneous transiuminal coronary anginplesty(PTCA)was performed in33 patients of coronary heart diseases(male 30 cases,female 3 cases, meanage 54.2) with Gruentzig’s method.Of all the 33 patients,there were 26narrow parts in 20 cases of the single branch lesions,27 narrow parts in 11cases of the double branch lesions and 11 narrow parts in 2 cases of thethree branch lesions.In 48 branches with lesion vessels,there were 27branches of the left anterior descending coronary arteries (LAD),7 branchesof the left cicumflex coronary arteries(LCX)and 13 branches of the rightcoronaw arteries.The narrow degrees varied from 75% to 100%. The resultswere that,of 33 patients,48 branches of lesion vessels and 64 narrow parts,the successful rates of dilation were 96.9%,87.5%,85.9%,respectively.Ventricular fibrillation occurred in one case during the procedure,whichsoon recovered sinus rhythm through cardioversion.Symptoms of thesuccessful 32 patients were lmproved obviously or diappeared after PATC.Combining with the documents,we think that the successful rates are higherin type A lesion undergoing PTCA.When PTCA for the multiple branchlesions are performed,we ought to master the principle of dilating the mainlessinos in advence.The long-tube lesions were dilated by the long balloonfitting for these lesions.The causes of failure of PTCA in the severe narrowlesions are mainly the the guilding wires or the balloon catheters cann’t passthrough the lesion parts,in addition,the complication problems in PTCA arealso discussed.

Amiodarone-induced bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in patient following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Background: Many patients are affected by idiopathicbronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). There are several known causes of BOOP, and several systemic disorders have BOOP as an associated primary pulmonary lesion. Numerous agents including cytotoxic and noncytotoxic drugs have the potential to cause pulmonary toxicity. Descriptions of amiodarone-related BOOP continue to be reported throughout the world. Case Report: We reported a patient with original clinical presentation who developed recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT) despite the presence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), hypoxaemia and interstitial pneumonitis in both lung bases. After percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, he developed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Conclusions: To our knowledge, such complications after percutaneous coronary procedure in patients with amiodarone therapy for arrhythmia prophylaxis, are not very frequent in literature.

RELATION BETWEEN ECG CHANGES DURING PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY AND IMPROVEMENT OF MYOCARDIAL VIABILITY

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relation between the transientchanges of electrocardiogram(ECG)on body surface during balloon dilating inpercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) and improvement of theresidual myocardial viability after PTCA,Eighteen patients with twenty-threecoronary arteries narrowing above 70% were underwent PTCA and myocardialviability was examined with 99mTc-MIB1 Singlephoton Emission ComputedTomography(SPECT)before and after the procedure.During the balloon dilating30-60s,the ECG with leads Ⅱ,Ⅲ.avF.V4 weve recorded.There were 15 caseswith ECG changes of T wave.ST-Seg-ment and QRS axis(65.2%,47 8% and26.1%.respectively),3 case without ECG chanse.More than 50% change of Twave altitude was scored as 1.ST segment shift(elevation≥lmm or depression≥0.5mm.10mm=lmv)as 2.QRS axis deviation≥15 as 3.Myocardial viabiliiy.was evaluated by SPECT with four-point of nine segments of the left ventricularwall.The integral value of ECG change dung PTCA was closely correlated withthe change value of SPECT(SPECT△)(r=0.74,p【0.01).The sensitivity of themethod was 80%;specificity 100%;the positive predictive value 100%;the negativepredictive value 50%;the accuracy 83.3%.This method was simple,useful and.excellent in evaluating myocardial viability.The rest myocardial viability afterPTCA was higher than it was before PTCA(21.2±3.8 vs 17.6±3.6point,P【0.01).The hibernating myocardial viability was improved post PTCA.

CHANGES AND SIGNIFICATION OF SERUM CPK BEFORE AND AFTER PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASES

To study the damage effect of percutaneous transfuminalcoronary angioplasty(PTCA)on myocardium,wedetermined the serum CPK and CPK-MB level in 35 casesof patients with coronary henrt disease(CHD)beforePTCA and at 6th,12th,24th hour,2nd,3rd day afterPTCA.The results showed that after PTCA,the serumCPK and CPK-MB in 21 of 35 case of patients wised at12th hour.2nd day reached the peak level.But comparedwith others,it has no significant different(P】0.05).TheCPK and CPK-MB decreased to normal level at 3rd day.Itis suggested that PTCA has no significant damage effect onmyocardium.

COMPLEX PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY

Percutancous transluminal coronary angioplasty was pcrfonned in 70patients with high risk characteristics from Jan.1998 toDcc.1997 These factors include age】70(10patients),unstableangina(35patients),ejection fraction【40%(7 patients),multivesseldisease(50patients).There were 96 lesions(79 vessels)dilated,amongthem type Alesion 15,type B lesion 52,type C lesion 29.Autoperfusion balloon was used in 7 patients, coronary stcnl wasimplantcd in 50 paticnts.One patient undcrgoing directional coronaryathrectomy(DCA).The clinical success rate was 91.5% and lesionsuccess rate was 89.6%.Average predilation stenosis was 89.5+8.2%and average postdilation stenosis was 16.9+6.2%.Two patients diedfrom abrupt vessel closureno acule myocardial infarction andemergency coronary bypass operation.The considerations in selectionand management of these high risk patients were discussed. The resultsshowed that PTCA can be performed safely in the complex cases.

CASE REPORT:130 CASES OF PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY AGIOPLASTY

Objective:An analysis of 130 cases admitted（during December.1993--December,1997）is reported b.All the patients were treated withprcutnous Transluminal Coronary agioplty （PTCA）.In addition to it10 cases underwent a second PTCA because of rt.The totalnumber is 140 cases.Thi paper up the pathlolgic changs ratecharacterized by coronary lesion in type A,B,and C1 percentage ofvaodilation;rate of success in type A,B,and C1 and the rate ofrt.Method:Coronary arteriography was performed in most cases add then PTCAwas exercised on selective cases with 7-10 days interval according tothe t plan.Coronary arteriography and PTCA were done synchronouslyin the rest cases.Kissing bicatheter technique were employed in 3cases because of bifurcated lesion and PTCA with insertion of a stntinto the spaces of the coronary artery at a diagonal was applied to 1case.Results:Classification of coronary lesion:Type A 33 cases （23.67%）,B57 （40.71%）,and C 50 （35.71%）.Number of coronary artery:single 40 （2857%）,double 59 （42.14%）,triple 39 （27.85%）,main 2 （1.44%）.Vasodilation:LAD 116（74.35%）,LCX 22（14.1%）,RCA 16（10.25%）,Middle 2（1.2%）.Rate of success:A 33 （100%）,B 57 （94.8%）,C 50 （94%）.Total rate ofsuccess:95.8% Rate of failure:6 cases（4.2%）,of which B 3 and C 3respectively,and one of limited myocardial infarction,one of coronaryabnormality,and others of 99-100% t with one failure of balloonwire to the lesion.Rtsis:10 cases had angina ptori 2-6 monthsafter PTCA and a second PTCA revealed LAD rtnosis,rated 5.7%.Concluon:In this group t lesion （76.42%） was found in Type B andType C,while lesion in Type A was L （23.5%）.That’s why highsuccess existed in Type A （100%）,while Type B and C with complicatedlesion needed complicated performance and rated low in success （94-94.8%）Vdilation:LAD】LCX】RCA.The rate of success lies in the degree ofcomplicated lesion,balloon wire and selection of catheter.Theinsertion of a tnt into the coronary artery might be the best way totreat PTCA t.

Safety and efficacy of dalteparin in percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary artery syndromes： comparison with unfractionated heparin

有希望地与高风险 non-ST-elevation 在病人评估安全和治疗学的功效 ofdalteparin 的目的急性冠的症候群(交流) 在经皮的冠的干预(一种总线标准) 期间。有高风险 non-ST-elevation 交流的 175 个病人的方法 Atotal 随机被分到 2 个组[dalteparin 组和 unfractionated 肝磷脂(UFH ) 组] 。在 dalteparin 组的病人此后不久皮下地在 5,000U 的剂量被给 dalteparin 诊断然后另外的 60U/ kg 在突现的一种总线标准前的静脉内的大丸药 ofdalteparin。脉管的存取鞘在一种总线标准或冠的动脉 angiography 以后立即被移开；如果 angiographic 调查结果证明病人对经皮的 transluminai 合适，组在一种总线标准和一丸另外的 65mg 大丸药前在第 25mgju 的剂量静脉内地被给 UFH 的在 UFH 的病人被管理冠的 angioplasty (PTCA ) 。鞘在一种总线标准以后在 4-6 小时被移开；当在 UFH 组的 82 个病人经历了一种总线标准时，在 dalteparin 的 83 个病人组织的结果经历了一种总线标准；在 dalteparin 组的 52 个病人的 anti-Xa 活动被测量。平均 anti-Xa 活动是(0.83 ????慊煣敵 s ?? 倀汯祬 ??ò楔敧 r 吗？？

Effects of intracoronary arterial injection of tirofiban on no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: To compare the effect of intracoronary arterial injection of tirofiban and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) underwent primary percutaneous coro-nary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 68 patients with acute STEMI who had no-reflow phenomenon during PCI were chosen and randomly divided into SNP group (n = 34) and tirofiban group (n = 34). Aiming at no-reflow phenomenon during PCI, with the use of microcatheters, intracoronary arterial injection of tirofiban was given in tirofiban group, while intracoronary bolus of SNP was given in SNP group. Coronary angiography was conducted to record TIMI flow grade of the infarct-related artery after 10 minutes. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was monitored before and after PCI (in 24 hours). With the help of ultrasound cardiogram, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) were recorded and compared in 30 days after PCI. Results: The ratio of TIMI grade 3 blood flow in tirofiban group was significantly higher than that in SNP group (76.5% (26/34) vs. 52.9% (18/34), p = .03)BNP levels in two groups had no statistical significance before PCI (p = .16), but in 24 h after PCI, BNP levels in tirofiban group were significantly lower than those in SNP group ((439.00 ± 4.90) μmol/L vs. (632.00 ± 3.63) μmol/L, p = .02)In 30 days after PCI, LVEF, LVEDD and LVESD in tirofiban group were all superior to those in SNP group (all p < .05). Conclusions: Intracoronary arterial injection of tirofiban was superior to SNP in improving no-reflow phenomenon in STEMI patients after PCI in the emergency treatment. Tirofiban therapy can increase coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion after the occurrence of no-reflow phenomenon during PCI in STEMI patients, and improve long-term prognosis.

PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY ITS SUCCESS RATE AND AFFECTING FACTORS

From December 1987 to October 1983, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 302 patients with 392 diseased vessels and 440 lesions. The success rate was 93.71% in 302 patients, 94.90% in 392 diseased vessels and 95.00% in 440 lesions. The success rate was 98.92% in Type A lesion, 95.71% in Type B lesion, and 86.57% in Type C lesion (A vs B P=NS, A vs C P<0.01). There were 55 lesions with total or subtotal occlusion, the success rate was 89.09% (93.10% in Type B lesion and 84.62% in Type C lesion). As to the diseased vessels, the success rate was 95.65% in LAD, 94.38% in LCX and 93.75% in RCA. The results showed no significant difference. In this series, acute ischemic complications were found in 6.59% (29 / 440). Of these 29 lesions, 23 were treated successfully, 5 developed Q wave myocardial infarction and 1 died.

PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL EXCIMER LASER CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY CLINICAL REPORT OF SIX CASES

Six patients with 95% to 100% occluded atheroseleroticlesions underwent percutaneous transluminal excimer lasercoronary angioplasty (PTELCA). Among them, 5 were maleand ! was female; their age ranged from 28 to 66 years. Fourpatients had LAD stenosis and 2 LCX lesions.Acuteangiographic and clinical success was achieved in all patientsbut one, with a success rate Of 83.3%. It was demonstratedthat PTELCA is a safe and effective therapy for selected pa-tients with coronary artery disease.

EXCIMER LASER CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY ──A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF 11 CASES

ＥＸＣＩＭＥＲＬＡＳＥＲＣＯＲＯＮＡＲＹＡＮＧＩＯＰＬＡＳＴＹ──ＡＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＲＥＰＯＲＴＯＦ１１ＣＡＳＥＳＣｈｅｎＷａｎｃｈｕｎ（陈万春）；ＪｉｎＨｕｉｇｅｎ（金惠根）；ＪｉｎＬｉｒｅｎ（金立仁）；ＷａｎｇＸｉａｏｌｏｎｇ（王肖龙）；Ｈ...

Illness Perception, Treatment Adherence and Coping in Persons with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Angioplasty

Background and Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of sudden death. In this article, we compared patients’ illness perception (IP), treatment adherence and coping mechanisms of patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods: In this descriptive, prospective observational study IP, treatment adherence and coping of 140 patients were evaluated pre-PTCA, at the time of hospital discharge and 1 to 3 months post-PTCA by Illness Perception Questionnaire, Morisky Treatment Adherence and Carver’s brief COPE questionnaires. Results: 1 - 3 months post-PTCA, all dimensions of IP changed significantly except personal and treatment control. Adherence scores decreased simultaneously. With respect to coping mechanisms, all increased except behavioral disengagement, emotional support, instrumental support and religion which decreased significantly post-PTCA. Conclusions: In Overall, an improved IP and increased use of controllable causal attributions led to an increase in medication adherence and adaptive coping strategies. Post-treatment health behaviors are predictable by assessing patients’ illness-related beliefs beforehand.

Plaque increase may be an important contributor to late restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary balloon angioplasty

There is considerable controversy over the mechanism of restenosis after percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTCA). Vessel remodeling and plaque increase are among the possible contributors but angiography is methodologically limited since it can not differentiate these different mechanisms. For evaluating the contribution of vessel and plaque changes after PTCA, we analyzed serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies in 59 lesions. IVUS study (3.5 F, 20 MHz catheter, Boston Scientific Co,; Hewlett Packard console) was performed immediately after PTCA (POST), and at follow up (FU, 6±1 months). At follow up, 40 lesions (Group Ⅰ) did not show restenosis and 19 (32.2%) lesions (Group Ⅱ) developed restenosis (area Department of Cardiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany (Liu FQ, Ge JB, Baumgart D, Grge G, Haude M and Erbel R) stenosis >50%). Cross sectional vessel area (VA, mm 2), plaque area (PA, mm 2), and percent area stenosis (A%) were measured. [BHDFG1*2,WK3,WK5,WK11,WK11W]GROUP Ⅰ (±s)GROUP Ⅱ (±s) [BHDZ,WK3ZQ,WK5ZQ,WK11,WK11ZQ2W]VAPOST18.1±4.919.1±5.6FU17.7±4.618.9±6.2PAPOST9.9±3.212.0±4.7 *FU10.2±3.415.4±5.0 * A%POST55.6±7.568.4±6.3 *FU58.4±8.781.6±3.4 * * P <0.05, Group I vs Group II. In summary, plaque increase contributed significantly to late restenosis. This may be partly due to “recovery” of the plaque from redistribution (induced by balloon compression) and/or partly due to intimal proliferation. Greater residual plaque burden was also related to higher possibility of rstenosis.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF PERCUTANEOUS BALLOON MITRAL VALVALOPASTY

The operation of PBMV is popular and considecl highlybeacuso of advantages of satisfactory effects andlittle lesion.But there are many difficulties inpractices,such as the balloon can’t be passedthrough the mitral valve eesily.We operated 64patients by the method of big curve in front part ofthe catheter during PBMV and all of the catheterswere passed through the mitral valve in short time,the stenosis valves vere dilated successfully.In myopinion,in order to made a big curve in front partof the catheter,it is vital to change the curve infront part of left ventricular wire according to thesize of left atrium,which can make the catheter havea proper curve to pass the mitral valve.In addition,it is not suitable to puncture the artial ssptum inhigher position,if so,the front part of the catheterin left atrium is parallel or almost parallel to theaitral valve,not in the right angle,so the cathetercan’t be easy to pass through the mitral valve.During the puncturing,the angle of the punctureneedle must be settled properly to reduce thecomplications.We suggest that the degrees of arrowin the puncture needle be set to 45°.60 and 75°separately when the size of left atrium are 4.0cm,5.0cm and 6.0cm.When pueeturing in such degree,thecatheter could be in right angle with the mitralvalve and passed through the valve easily.

尿激酶原预处理联合PTCA治疗急性心肌梗死患者的效果

目的:观察尿激酶原预处理联合经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的效果。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年1月该院收治的85例AMI患者的临床资料,按不同治疗方案分为观察组43例和对照组42例。对照组行PTCA治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用尿激酶原预处理治疗,比较两组心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)]水平、血清心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(HFABP)水平、凝集蛋白-1(ITLN-1)水平和主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果:术后,观察组TIMI血流分级优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月,观察组LVEF、ITLN-1水平高于对照组,LVEDD、HFABP水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组MACE发生率为9.30%,低于对照组的40.48%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:尿激酶原预处理联合PTCA治疗AMI患者可改善TIMI血流分级、心功能指标水平,提高ITLN-1水平,降低HFABP水平和MACE发生率,效果优于单纯PTCA治疗。

PTCA及血管内支架术中冠脉循环血小板功能的变化

目的 探讨经皮腔内冠脉成形术 (PTCA)及冠脉内支架术对冠脉循环中血小板功能的影响 .方法 2 9例冠心病患者分成冠脉造影组 (8例 )和 PTCA加支架组 (2 1例 ) ,分别于术前及术后即刻采集冠状静脉窦血 ,采用比浊法测定血小板最大聚集率 (MPAR) ,放免法测定血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白(GMP- 140 )及血栓素 B2 (TXB2 )的浓度 .并对 PTCA及支架术中不同时间点血小板功能指标的变化情况进行了观察 .结果 冠脉造影前后血小板功能指标无显著变化 ;PTCA及支架组在球囊预扩张即刻各血小板功能指标均轻度增高 ;支架后即刻显著升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,支架后 10 min有下降趋势 .结论 冠脉造影对冠脉循环血小板功能无显著影响 ;

四逆汤防治PTCA术后再灌注损伤的作用机制及中医辨证分型的临床研究

目的：探讨不同证型患者服用四逆汤防治经皮冠状动脉内成形术（ｐｅｒｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓｔｒａｎｓｌｕｍｉｎａｌｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙａｎｇｉｏｐｌａｓｔｙ，ＰＴＣＡ）后再灌注损伤的作用以及对不同证型患者的影响。方法：对４０例做ＰＴＣＡ术患者随机分为四逆汤组和对照组，均有实证、虚证各１０例。四逆汤组于术前３天开始服用四逆汤２５ｍｌ，每天１次；服至术后第３天。检测两组各型ＰＴＣＡ术前后血超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量并进行比较。结果：术前虚证型ＳＯＤ活性显著低于实证型（Ｐ＜００５），术前实证型ＭＤＡ含量显著高于虚证型（Ｐ＜００５），服用四逆汤能减轻两组术后ＳＯＤ活性和ＮＯ浓度的下降及ＭＤＡ含量的升高（Ｐ＜００５），其中提高虚证型ＳＯＤ活性的幅度显著高于实证型（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：四逆汤具有抗ＰＴＣＡ术后再灌注损伤的作用，对虚证型效果尤好。