Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, sugges...Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, suggesting that diflusion predominated the sorption of PFOS on the humic acid. The sorption capacity was doubled when the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C, and thermodynamics parameters △G0 was calculated to be –7.11 to –5.04 kJ/mol, △H0 was 14.2 kJ/mol, and △S 0 was 69.5 J/（mol·K）, indicating that the sorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven process. Desorption hysteresis occurred at all studied temperatures which suggested that humic acid may be an important sink of PFOS in the environment.展开更多
In order to study toxicological effects of perfluorononanoic acid （PFNA）, perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS）, and their mixtures （PFNA/ PFOS） on Daphnia magna （D. magna）, a suite of comprehensive toxicity tests ...In order to study toxicological effects of perfluorononanoic acid （PFNA）, perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS）, and their mixtures （PFNA/ PFOS） on Daphnia magna （D. magna）, a suite of comprehensive toxicity tests were conducted, including a 48-h acute toxicity test, a 21-day chronic test, a feeding experiment, and a biomarker assay. D. magna were exposed to aqueous solutions of PFNA and PFOS （alone and in combination） at concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 5 mg/L. The survival, growth, and reproduction of D. magna were monitored over a 21- day life cycle. The biomarkers, including acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and catalase （CAT） activities, were determined after seven days of exposure. PFOS was more toxic than PFNA based on the results of the acute toxicity test. Perfluorinated compounds （PFCs） inhibited both growth and reproduction of D. magna during the testing period. The ingestion rates and the biomarkers, including ACHE, SOD, and CAT activities, were significantly inhibited by PFCs in most cases. Moreover, the combined effects related to the growth and reproduction showed the antagonistic effects of PFCs.展开更多
Electron beam(EB) degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) in aqueous solutions was studied. It suggested that PFOA and PFOS degradation followed the pseudo-firstorder kinetics, ...Electron beam(EB) degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) in aqueous solutions was studied. It suggested that PFOA and PFOS degradation followed the pseudo-firstorder kinetics, and degradation rates increased with increasing initial p H. Radical scavengers' experiments indicated that hydrated electron and hydrogen radical were important in the electron beam degradation of PFOA and PFOS, especially hydrated electron. The decomposition efficiencies were 95.7% for PFOA and 85.9% for PFOS, by EB irradiation in an anoxic alkaline solution(p H = 13).The potential degradation pathways of PFOA and PFOS by electron beam irradiation through defluorination and the removal of CH_2 unit were proposed.展开更多
Ultrasonic extraction technique was used to extract perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its salts from fluro-paints.The extract was quantified after filtration and concentration by gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) method ...Ultrasonic extraction technique was used to extract perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its salts from fluro-paints.The extract was quantified after filtration and concentration by gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) method using perflurodecanoic acid methyl ester as an internal standard.The GC-MS conditions were: HP-Innowax capillary column; oven temperature,50℃(5 min)30℃/min240℃(5 min); splittless mode; injection volume,1μL; negative chemical ion source,reacting gas,CH4,20%; select ion scan mode (SIM);Line range was 1.0-1.0×105 μg/L; the correlation coefficient was 0.999; the low limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μg/L.The RSD was 4.24% and 3.58% respectively for low and high concentration of PFOA,and the average recovery was between 86%-111%.展开更多
Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)continue to be extensively present in the natural environment and seriously threaten human health.The intestinal tract is the primary organ of PFOA/PFOS ex...Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)continue to be extensively present in the natural environment and seriously threaten human health.The intestinal tract is the primary organ of PFOA/PFOS exposure due to the consumption of contaminated food and drinking water.However,it remains unclear how PFOA/PFOS affects intestinal function and overall health.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of PFOA/PFOS on the absorption of fatty acids in the intestine and the underlying mechanisms using three-dimensional(3D)intestinal organoids.Our results showed that PFOS,but not PFOA,could significantly enhance the fatty acid uptake capacity without obvious damage to the organoids.Furthermore,PFOS markedly reduced the protein levels of ChgA in enteroendocrine cells,but with no observed impact on aldolase B+enterocytes.Mechanistically,exposure to PFOS induced the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)αpathway in intestinal organoids,with enhanced expression of PPARαtarget genes associated with fatty acid metabolism,such as Fabp1 and Cd36(fatty acid transporter genes),Acox1 and Pdk4(fatty acid oxidation genes),and Plin2 and Plin3(lipid droplet synthesis genes).These data suggest that PFOS have the potential to affect the absorption function of the intestinal epithelium through the PPARαpathway,and its effect is much stronger than that of PFOA.Our findings also highlight that organoids can be used as a valuable model for conducting toxicological research on environmental chemicals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20477050, 20621703)
文摘Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, suggesting that diflusion predominated the sorption of PFOS on the humic acid. The sorption capacity was doubled when the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C, and thermodynamics parameters △G0 was calculated to be –7.11 to –5.04 kJ/mol, △H0 was 14.2 kJ/mol, and △S 0 was 69.5 J/（mol·K）, indicating that the sorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven process. Desorption hysteresis occurred at all studied temperatures which suggested that humic acid may be an important sink of PFOS in the environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51279061)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘In order to study toxicological effects of perfluorononanoic acid （PFNA）, perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS）, and their mixtures （PFNA/ PFOS） on Daphnia magna （D. magna）, a suite of comprehensive toxicity tests were conducted, including a 48-h acute toxicity test, a 21-day chronic test, a feeding experiment, and a biomarker assay. D. magna were exposed to aqueous solutions of PFNA and PFOS （alone and in combination） at concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 5 mg/L. The survival, growth, and reproduction of D. magna were monitored over a 21- day life cycle. The biomarkers, including acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and catalase （CAT） activities, were determined after seven days of exposure. PFOS was more toxic than PFNA based on the results of the acute toxicity test. Perfluorinated compounds （PFCs） inhibited both growth and reproduction of D. magna during the testing period. The ingestion rates and the biomarkers, including ACHE, SOD, and CAT activities, were significantly inhibited by PFCs in most cases. Moreover, the combined effects related to the growth and reproduction showed the antagonistic effects of PFCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11675098,41430644,41473090,41373098)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT13078)
文摘Electron beam(EB) degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) in aqueous solutions was studied. It suggested that PFOA and PFOS degradation followed the pseudo-firstorder kinetics, and degradation rates increased with increasing initial p H. Radical scavengers' experiments indicated that hydrated electron and hydrogen radical were important in the electron beam degradation of PFOA and PFOS, especially hydrated electron. The decomposition efficiencies were 95.7% for PFOA and 85.9% for PFOS, by EB irradiation in an anoxic alkaline solution(p H = 13).The potential degradation pathways of PFOA and PFOS by electron beam irradiation through defluorination and the removal of CH_2 unit were proposed.
文摘Ultrasonic extraction technique was used to extract perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its salts from fluro-paints.The extract was quantified after filtration and concentration by gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) method using perflurodecanoic acid methyl ester as an internal standard.The GC-MS conditions were: HP-Innowax capillary column; oven temperature,50℃(5 min)30℃/min240℃(5 min); splittless mode; injection volume,1μL; negative chemical ion source,reacting gas,CH4,20%; select ion scan mode (SIM);Line range was 1.0-1.0×105 μg/L; the correlation coefficient was 0.999; the low limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μg/L.The RSD was 4.24% and 3.58% respectively for low and high concentration of PFOA,and the average recovery was between 86%-111%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFC1808204)the Youth Talent Lifting Project of China National Tobacco Quality Supervision&Test Center(552021CR0030)the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KF2021-17).
文摘Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)continue to be extensively present in the natural environment and seriously threaten human health.The intestinal tract is the primary organ of PFOA/PFOS exposure due to the consumption of contaminated food and drinking water.However,it remains unclear how PFOA/PFOS affects intestinal function and overall health.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of PFOA/PFOS on the absorption of fatty acids in the intestine and the underlying mechanisms using three-dimensional(3D)intestinal organoids.Our results showed that PFOS,but not PFOA,could significantly enhance the fatty acid uptake capacity without obvious damage to the organoids.Furthermore,PFOS markedly reduced the protein levels of ChgA in enteroendocrine cells,but with no observed impact on aldolase B+enterocytes.Mechanistically,exposure to PFOS induced the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)αpathway in intestinal organoids,with enhanced expression of PPARαtarget genes associated with fatty acid metabolism,such as Fabp1 and Cd36(fatty acid transporter genes),Acox1 and Pdk4(fatty acid oxidation genes),and Plin2 and Plin3(lipid droplet synthesis genes).These data suggest that PFOS have the potential to affect the absorption function of the intestinal epithelium through the PPARαpathway,and its effect is much stronger than that of PFOA.Our findings also highlight that organoids can be used as a valuable model for conducting toxicological research on environmental chemicals.
