Composition,Processing Technology and Property of Ceramic Die Materials Containing Rare Earth Additives

Development and application of new ceramic die materials is one of the important topics in the field of die research. The composition, processing technology, mechanical property and engineering performance of the ceramic materials such as cermet, ZTA, TZP, TZP/Al2O3, TZP/TiC/Al2O3, PSZ and Sialon, etc., with rare earth yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, and so on working as additives, were investigated and analyzed in the present study. Problems existed in the research and application of rare earth ceramic die materials were discussed. Rare earth additives can effectively improve the mechanical property and engineering performance of ceramic die materials. Thus, it will have further perspectives of wider application. More attention should be paid in the future to the toughening and strengthening of the ceramic die materials, the adding forms and kinds of rare earth elements and acting mechanisms of rare earth additives in ceramic die materials.

Effect of Alternation of Aging and Seawater Erosion on Properties of Rubber Material Used in Lead Rubber Bearing

An artificially accelerated alternation of aging and seawater erosion test of rubber materials used in lead rubber bearing(LRB)was performed,mainly to study the time-varying laws of rubber materials mechanical properties.Time-varying laws of the Mooney–Rivlin and Neo-Hookean constitutive parameters of rubber materials under the alternation of aging and seawater erosion were also analyzed.Results indicate that the rubber material mechanical properties were significantly affected by alternation of aging and seawater erosion.Hardness and elongation stress increased exponentially with test time.And 120 days after the test,the hardness increased by 14%,the maximum percentage increase in stress of 124.76%occurred at 100%constant elongation and the minimum percentage increase in stress of 68.32%occurred at 300%constant elongation;Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased by 44.96%and 53.09%.Besides,constitutive parameters of Mooney–Rivlin and Neo-Hookean all changed greatly with test duration.Finally,time-varying laws of constitutive parameters were verified by comparing the simulated and experimental results of the lead rubber bearing’s stiffness.Research results are of great significance to the seismic performance research and life-cycle performance analysis of offshore traffic engineering such as cross-sea bridges and bridges in the marine environment.

Preparation and Properties of Rare Earth Modified Carbon Black/Natural Rubber Composites

The oxides Eu, Ho, Er and Dy were used to prepare the hydroxides of rare earth modified carbon black. Then natural rubber latex （NRL） was added into the reactor. The system reacted at 85 ℃ with stirring for 1 h to prepare powdered HAF-Ln（OH）3/NR composites. The effects of the kind and content of Ln on the particle size distribution of P [ NR/HAF-Ln （OH）3 ] and mechanical properties of its vulcanizate were studied respectively. It is found that rare earth can help to get the powder of the composite, the product particle with a diameter less than 0.9mm will be get when the composites containing the compound of Ho, Er and Dy with dosage of 1.0, 1.0, O. 5 percent, respectively. The adding of Ln can improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the vulcanizate effectively, what＇s more, Er and Dy can decrease the permanent set of vulcanizate significantly. The SEM studies shows that P[ NR/HAF-Dy （OH）3 ] vulcanizate shows superior mechanical properties that depend primarily on the absence of free carbon black, the fine dispersion of carbon black in the rubber matrix and better polymer-filler interaction.

Fly Ash/Paraffin Composite Phase Change Material Used to Treat Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil in Cold Regions

Phase change materials(PCMs)can store large amounts of energy in latent heat and release it during phase changes,which could be used to improve the freeze-thaw performance of soil.The composite phase change material was prepared with paraffin as the PCM and 8%Class C fly ash(CFA)as the supporting material.Laboratory tests were conducted to reveal the influence of phase change paraffin composite Class C fly ash(CFA-PCM)on the thermal properties,volume changes and mechanical properties of expansive soil.The results show that PCM failed to establish a good improvement effect due to leakage.CFA can effectively adsorb phase change materials,and the two have good compatibility.CFA-PCM reduces the volume change and strength attenuation of the soil,and 8 wt.%PCM is the optimal content.CFA-PCM turns the phase change latent heat down of the soil and improves its thermal stability.CFA-PCM makes the impact small of freeze-thaw on soil pore structure damage and improves soil volume change and mechanical properties on a macroscopic scale.In addition,CFA-8 wt.%PCM treated expansive soil has apparent advantages in resisting repeated freeze-thaw cycles,providing a reference for actual engineering design.

Evaluating Simultaneous Impact of Slag and Tire Rubber Powder on Mechanical Characteristics and Durability of Concrete

In this experimental study,the impact of Portland cement replacement by ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS)and micronized rubber powder(MRP)on the compressive,flexural,tensile strengths,and rapid chloride migration test(RCMT)of concrete were assessed.In this study,samples with different binder content and water to binder ratios,including the MRP with the substitution levels of 0%,2.5%and 5%,and the GGBFS with the substitution ratios of 0%,20%and 40%by weight of Portland cement were made.According to the results,in the samples containing slag and rubber powder in the early ages,on average,a 12.2%decrease in the mechanical characteristics of concrete was observed,nonetheless with raising the age of the samples,the impact of slag on reducing the porosity of concrete lowered the negative impact of rubber powder.Regarding durability characteristics,the RCMT results of the samples were enhanced by using rubber powder because of its insulation impact.Moreover,adding slag into the MRP-included mixtures results in a 23%reduction in the migration rate of the chloride ion averagely.At last,four mathematical statements were derived for the mechanical and durability of concrete containing the MRP and GGBFS utilizing the genetic programming method.

The Properties of Road Base Course Materials of Granular Soils Stabilized by AGS Granular Soil Stabilizing Cement

The properties of road base course materials of granular soils stabilized by AGS granular soil stabilizing cement were studied.The AGS cement has an expansibility to a certain degree,so the dry shrinkage of AGS cement paste and AGS stabilized granular is much lower than that of Portland slag cement.AGS has a good suitability to granular soils.Granular soils stabilized by AGS have a much higher strength than that of soils stabilized by P S cement.The same strength can be reached with 20% reduction of cement dosage for AGS cement.And their elastic and resilient modulus are similar,but the former has a much higher tensile splitting strength,so the AGS stabilized granular has a much better anti-cracking performance than that of the P S stabilized granular.The reduced value of the strength and the density with the retard time for the granular soils stabilized by AGS is lower than that for P S cement.

Laboratory Study on CR/SBS Modified Asphalt:Preparation and Performance Characterization

Crumble rubber(CR)can be used to prepare CR and styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)composite modified asphalt with a good high-and low-temperature performance,meanwhile the addition of CR could work as the substitute for SBS and help reduce the content of SBS.This study contains three main parts:effect of preparation and effect of material composition as well as rheological performance characterization.Factors during the preparation,including shearing temperature,shearing time,mixing time and swelling time,were selected,while base binder,CR content,CR particle size and SBS content in material composition were considered.The effects of these factors were assessed in terms of the conventional performance(penetration,softening point,ductility and storage stability).After identifying these effects,the sample of CR and SBS modified asphalt at the selected preparing condition and material composition(CR/SBSMA)was made,and the corresponding SBS modified and CR modified asphalt(SBSMA and CRMA)were produced for the comparing reason.Subsequently,temperature sweeps from 0℃ to 80℃ were utilized to depict the viscoelasticity of these modified asphalt binders by complex modulus and phase angle.Multiple stress creep recovery tests(MSCR)at 64℃ and bending beam rheometer tests(BBR)at various low temperatures were employed to evaluate the high-and low-temperature performance,respectively.Results highlight that that CR/SBSMA could exhibit an excellent high-temperature performance(better than SBSMA),and a good low-temperature performance(reaching the level of base binder).

MULTI-SCALE AND MULTI-PHASE NANOCOMPOSITE CERAMIC TOOLS AND CUTTING PERFORMANCE

An advanced ceramic cutting tool material Al2O3/TiC/TiN （LTN） is developed by incorporation and dispersion of micro-scale TiC particle and nano-scale TiN particle in alumina matrix. With the optimal dispersing and fabricating technology, this multi-scale and multi-phase nanocomposite ceramic tool material can get both higher flexural strength and fracture toughness than that of A1203/TiC （LZ） ceramic tool material without nano-scale TiN particle, especially the fracture toughness can reach to 7.8 MPa . m^0.5. The nano-scale TiN can lead to the grain fining effect and promote the sintering process to get a higher density. The coexisting transgranular and intergranular fracture mode induced by micro-scale TiC and nano-scale TiN, and the homogeneous and densified microstructure can result in a remarkable strengthening and toughening effect. The cutting performance and wear mechanisms of the advanced multi-scale and multi-phase nanocomposite ceramic cutting tool are researched.

Some Factors Influencing the Dielectric Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Containing Different Carbon Nanostructures

Natural rubber based composites containing different carbon nanofillers (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)) at different concentrations have been prepared. Their dielectric properties (dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss) have been studied in the 1 - 12 GHz frequency range. Some factors (electromagnetic field frequency, fillers concentration, fillers intrinsic structure) influencing the dielectric behavior of the composites have been investigated. The dielectric properties of the developed natural rubber composites containing conductive fillers (fullerenes, CNTs, GNPs) indicate that these composites can be used as broadband microwave absorbing materials.

玻璃纤维改性煤基固废胶结充填材料性能研究

基于煤矸石、粉煤灰等煤基固废再生资源利用和胶结充填材料性能优化问题,研究了玻璃纤维掺量、长度和养护龄期对煤基固废胶结材料输送性能和力学性能的影响规律,探讨了玻璃纤维增强机理。实验结果表明:玻璃纤维改性煤基固废胶结材料坍落度随纤维长度和掺量的增大而减小,但均大于200 mm,满足输送性能要求;抗压强度和抗拉强度随纤维长度的增大呈先增高后降低,随纤维掺量的增加而增高的变化规律;当玻璃纤维长度为6 mm、掺量为0.3%时,质量分数为79%的煤基固废胶结材料的综合性能最佳;玻璃纤维改性煤基固废胶结材料水化反应后,生成的针状和团状产物填充了材料细小裂隙且附着于纤维表面,能够有效提高材料的力学性能。

兰炭灰固碳对复合相变储热材料性能的影响

为推动“双碳”战略,促进工业固废兰炭灰的低成本消纳,开发新型绿色低碳复合材料,提出在已有的兰炭灰/硝酸钠复合相变储热材料基础上,利用兰炭灰进行碳捕捉。对固碳前、后兰炭灰及复合相变储热材料的性能进行研究。结果表明:兰炭灰碳捕集的最佳条件为气体组分20%CO_(2)/80%N_(2)、通气时间40 min、加热温度650℃;在最佳实验条件下,兰炭灰的固碳率达到29.27%,所制得的复合相变储热材料固碳兰炭灰/NaNO_(3)的最佳质量比为5:5,在100~380℃储热密度达到288.65 J/g,拥有更好的机械性能、热稳定性及化学相容性。固碳兰炭灰作为骨架材料制备复合相变储热材料具有较好的可行性,为工业固废兰炭灰的资源化利用和碳排放处理提供了新的途径。

吸波沥青混合料的制备及微波自愈合特性

吸波材料具有良好的微波传热能力,可用于沥青路面微裂缝自修复。本研究选取了炭黑粉、羰基铁粉和镍锌铁氧体粉3种吸波材料替换部分矿粉制备了SMA-13吸波沥青混合料。通过车辙试验、低温弯曲破坏试验和冻融劈裂试验对比分析了不同吸波沥青混合料的路用性能,并采用半圆弯曲(SCB)试验研究了吸波材料类型、掺量、微波加热时间等因素对吸波沥青混合料表面温度分布和自愈合性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析吸波材料的微观特性。结果表明,随吸波材料掺量从10%增至30%,炭黑粉沥青混合料的动稳定度和冻融劈裂强度比都呈现出逐渐上升趋势,而低温弯曲应变则表现出先增加后减小的特征;羰基铁粉沥青混合料动稳定度和低温弯曲应变均呈现先增加后减小的趋势,而冻融劈裂强度比表现出逐渐减小的特征;镍锌铁氧体粉沥青混合料动稳定度和低温弯曲应变均呈现逐渐减小趋势,而冻融劈裂强度比则与之相反。吸波沥青混合料的表面温度随着吸波材料掺量和微波加热时间的增加而逐渐上升,能够快速达到沥青混合料裂缝面的愈合温度,从而增强沥青混合料的微波自愈合性能。

基于响应面法的半柔性路面材料低温性能研究

为提高半柔性路面材料(SFPM)低温抗裂性能,采用橡胶粉与硅烷偶联剂对水泥砂浆进行改性,制备复合半柔性路面材料(R&S-SFPM)。基于响应面分析法以劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯拉强度、最大弯拉应变、弯曲蠕变速率以及平均线收缩系数作为评价指标分析胶粉目数、掺量及硅烷偶联剂用量对SFPM低温性能的影响,并确定了可获得最优低温性能表现的R&S-SFPM掺配比例。结果表明:橡胶粉可提高SFPM的应力松弛能力,使其具有更好的柔韧性;硅烷偶联剂可提高SFPM力学强度。此外,橡胶粉及硅烷偶联剂掺量、胶粉目数均对SFPM低温性能改善效果有较大影响。当胶粉目数为60目、掺量为14%,硅烷偶联剂用量为0.72%时,R&S-SFPM综合低温效果最佳;与普通半柔性路面材料(O-SFPM)相比,R&S-SFPM的劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯拉强度、最大弯拉应变以及弯曲蠕变速率分别提高23.7%、7.6%、29.9%和15.2%。

高性能高分子材料体系自立自强发展战略研究

高性能高分子材料具有高强高模、高绝缘、耐腐蚀、耐辐照或绿色低碳等特点,是保障国家安全和国民经济发展的战略性材料之一,广泛应用于航空航天、电子电器、生物医疗等重要领域。本文系统梳理了高性能树脂及工程塑料、有机纤维、生物基树脂及可降解材料、特种橡胶及弹性体四大类高性能高分子材料中的重点品种,分析了国内外重点品种的发展现状和特点。研究发现,目前我国在高性能高分子材料方面已建立起比较完备的化工原料–合成–加工改性–制品应用上下游产业体系,但同时也存在关键原料保障不足、产品应用开发有待拓展等问题。在此基础上,从加强技术创新、推进关键原料保障、组建创新联合体等方面提出对策建议,以期为我国高性能高分子材料体系发展提供参考。

生物基环氧化天然橡胶形状记忆复合材料的制备与性能

以壳聚糖作为填料、脱蛋白环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)作为基质材料,制备了生物基形状记忆复合材料,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、原子力显微镜、电子万能试验机等研究了该形状记忆复合材料的微观结构、力学性能及形状记忆性能。结果表明,加入壳聚糖后ENR的有序结晶相以更小、更均匀的尺寸分散在整个体系中;由于壳聚糖的增强增韧作用,该形状记忆复合材料的耐磨性能增强、力学性能逐渐提高。此外,壳聚糖的加入进一步提高了ENR的形状记忆性能。

氮化硼纳米片改性硅橡胶的直流电气与力学性能

日益提升的高压直流输电电压等级对直流电缆附件用硅橡胶的电气性能提出了更高的要求,为了探究具有优良直流电气性能的复合硅橡胶材料,文中制备了填充不同质量分数的聚多巴胺修饰氮化硼纳米片改性硅橡胶,对比分析了不同填充量下复合硅橡胶的直流电气性能。结果表明:填充氮化硼纳米片可以有效抑制硅橡胶的空间电荷积聚现象,试样的直流击穿场强随填充量的提高呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在填充量(质量分数,下同)为15%时达到最大值,相比纯硅橡胶提升23.2%,直流电导率先减小后增大,在填充量为15%时取得最小值;除此之外,当填充量为15%时,试样的拉伸强度较纯硅橡胶提升了38.3%,试样的断裂伸长率仅下降2.7%,基本保持了原有的断裂伸长率;经聚多巴胺修饰的氮化硼纳米片复合硅橡胶相比于未经表面修饰的氮化硼纳米片复合材料,其直流电气和力学性能都有显著提高。综合分析,填充量为15%时复合材料具有较好的综合性能。

高性能氯丁橡胶基动态密封材料的生胶和补强体系优化

为了提高氯丁橡胶(CR)基动态密封材料的综合性能,通过改变生胶和补强体系,考察了并用顺丁橡胶(BR)和白炭黑对材料耐疲劳性、耐老化性、耐磨性和弹性等主要性能指标的影响。结果表明,并用BR后,胶料硫化速率、拉断伸长率、回弹性、耐磨性以及动态疲劳性能均有改善,但撕裂强度、耐热空气老化性能变差,CR与BR的最佳并用质量比为70/30;并用白炭黑后,胶料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、硬度、定伸应力、耐磨性提高,但回弹性、耐疲劳性能降低,炭黑与白炭黑并用质量比为20/20时,胶料的综合性能最佳。

天然橡胶-氢化丁腈橡胶的共硫化及性能研究

天然橡胶(NR)和氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)因不饱和度和极性的差异,存在硫化速度不匹配、填料分散等问题,难以实现两胶的并用。本文通过先制备不同硫黄/促进剂比例的NR和HNBR母炼胶,再将母炼胶并用制备NR/HNBR复合材料,解决了NR和HNBR共硫化的问题。研究了NR/HNBR的相态结构和填料在NR和HNBR两相的分散状态,结合相态结构和填料分散分析了NR/HNBR并用比对复合材料硫化特性、动静态力学性能、耐磨性和压缩温升的影响。结果表明:并用HNBR的复合材料混炼胶的门尼黏度增大,焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短;随着HNBR含量增加,HNBR相的尺寸增大,硫化胶的硬度及100%和300%定伸应力增加,拉伸强度、撕裂强度、断裂伸长率和拉断永久变形减小,耐磨性和抗湿滑性提高,压缩疲劳温升增大。

多尺度纤维对水泥基复合材料性能的影响

为准确掌握多尺度纤维对水泥基复合材料的性能影响规律,以碳酸钙晶须(calcium carbonate whisker,CW)纤维、钢纤维及聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纤维为基础,构建多尺度纤维水泥基复合材料,并在不同配合比条件下,通过流动性试验、单轴受压试验、三点弯曲缺口试验和叠加试验(overlay test,OT),研究多尺度纤维对水泥基复合材料力学性能、断裂性能及疲劳性能的影响规律.结果表明,多尺度纤维对水泥基复合材料的力学性能及断裂性能均具显著影响,在力学性能方面,多尺度纤维能较大程度上减弱水泥基复合材料的流动扩展度,并提高轴心抗压强度和弯曲抗拉强度;在断裂性能研究方面,单掺纤维组和混杂纤维组均能不同程度上提高水泥基复合材料的断裂性能.其中,对失稳断裂韧度和黏聚韧度的提升规律较为一致,在断裂性能指标的提升幅度上,黏聚韧度>失稳断裂韧度>起裂断裂韧度;CW纤维、钢纤维及PVA纤维的体积分数分别为0.50%、0.75%和0.25%时,水泥基复合材料的疲劳性能相对最优.研究成果可为水泥基复合材料的工程应用提供理论依据.