Performance Analysis of a Rooftop Hybrid Connected Solar PV System

In the present work,a 5-kW hybrid PV solar system was installed on the roof of a house in Diyala,Iraq(33.77°N,45.14°E elevation 44 m).The system consists of two strings,where each string consists of nine polycrystalline PV modules with 355 Wp in series,and the two strings are in parallel.The energy storage system(ESS)consists of two parallel strings,each with four 12 V and 150 Ah tubular deep cycle batteries in series.A hybrid inverter of 5 kW rated power was operated in different modes.The results showed that May’s monthly energy consumption was about 822.9 and 1085 kWh,respectively.The percentage distribution of the DC energy produced was about 1%system energy losses,27.9%was used to charge the ESS,34.3%was used to feed the grid,and the remaining 37.64%was used to share the load.The energy percentage sharing the load was 16.67%from ESS,33.33%from the PV system,and 50%purchased.The average daily reference,array,and final yields were 6.07,4.327,and 3.991 h/day,respectively.The average array and load efficiencies were 12.3%and 92.24%,with the performance ratio at 65.4%.

Analysis of Friction and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Tubes with Trapezoidal Cut Twisted Tape Inserts

The thermo-hydraulic properties of circular tubes with a twisted tape inside(used accordingly to induce turbulence and enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)are described for Reynolds Numbers ranging from 830 to 1990.Tapes twisted with the three distinct twist ratios are considered,namely,6,4.4 and 3.Air is used as the working fluid in several tests.For the sake of comparison,the standard tube with no insert is also examined.It is shown that in the presence of the twisted tape,the‘frictional factor’,‘Nusselt Number’and the‘thermal performance factor’are much higher than those obtained for the plain tube.Moreover,the tapes having the lowest twist ratio,i.e.,3,are more effective than the others in terms of heat transfer augmentation.The‘thermal performance factor’is greater than one for all the twisted tapes used in the experiments,which confirms the enhanced performances of the heat exchanger and the related savings in terms of total energy.

Fault Aware Dynamic Resource Manager for Fault Recognition and Avoidance in Cloud

Fault tolerance(FT)schemes are intended to work on a minimized and static amount of physical resources.When a host failure occurs,the conventional FT frequently proceeds with the execution on the accessible working hosts.This methodology saves the execution state and applications to complete without disruption.However,the dynamicity of open cloud assets is not seen when taking scheduling choices.Existing optimization techniques are intended in dealing with resource scheduling.This method will be utilized for distributing the approaching tasks to the VMs.However,the dynamic scheduling for this procedure doesn’t accomplish the objective of adaptation of internal failure.The scheme prefers jobs in the activity list with the most elevated execution time on resources that can execute in a shorter timeframe,but it suffers with higher makespan;poor resource usage and unbalance load concerns.To overcome the above mentioned issue,Fault Aware Dynamic Resource Manager(FADRM)is proposed that enhances the mechanism to Multi-stage Resilience Manager at an application-level FT arrangement.Proposed FADRM method gives FT a Multi-stage Resilience Manager(MRM)in the client and application layers,and simultaneously decreases the over-head and degradations.It additionally provides safety to the application execution considering the clients,application and framework necessities.Based on experimental evaluations,Proposed Fault Aware Dynamic Resource Manager(FADRM)method 157.5 MakeSpan(MS)time,0.38 Fault Rate(FR),0.25 Failure Delay(FD)and improves 5.5 Performance Improvement Ratio(PIR)for 25,50,75 and 100 tasks and 475 MakeSpan(MS)time,0.40 Fault Rate(FR),1.30 Failure Delay(FD)and improves 6.75 improves Performance Improvement Ratio(PER)for 100,200,300 and 500 Tasks compare than existing methodologies.

Potential and performance estimation of free-standing and building integrated photovoltaic technologies for different climatic zones of India

The role of Photovoltaic technologies integrated or attached to the building envelope is crucial in managing the building energy demand.In this paper,the performance of PV technologies with the mounting methods of Build-ing integrated and Free-standing(Building attached)is discussed for six different climate zone of the country.A PVGIS program proposed with three PV cell technologies(Crystalline Silicon,Copper indium diselenide,Cad-mium Telluride)is used to evaluate monthly energy generation potential and losses of the 2 kW p grid-connected PV system at the latitude and 90°.A 2 kW p PV system is chosen for Economic Weaker Section(EWS)housing schemes depending upon the roof area.From the evaluation,the performance parameter has been estimated.A new parameter Energy Deviation(ED),is proposed to choose the best PV technology in terms of performance.The results of ED agree with the parameters Performance Ratio(PR)and Capacity Factor(CF)defined under the IEC Standard 61724.The potential generation of PV technologies at 90°varies from 41%(Warm and Humid)to 64%(Cold and Sunny)when compared with the latitude.In case of Cold and Sunny and Cold and Cloudy at 90°,the generation performance of Copper indium diselenide is found better in Building integrated and Free-standing mounting methods,respectively.For the remaining zones,Cadmium Telluride technology shows better results.The Percentage loss in the system is found to be minimum in the case of Cold and Sunny,varies between 17%and 25%,and maximum is found for Warm and Humid and varies between 23.2%and 33.4%for the proposed PV technologies.The grid feed-in energy from these EWS houses for all the technologies and climatic zones is found above 45%.It is seen that the combined energy generation from the envelopes(Roof,walls,and facades)makes the houses energy plus in nature.The study has important implications for the government to promote the building integrated Photovoltaic policies in the country.

Technical design and environmental analysis of 100-kWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant in north-western Iran

Due to the fuel security and environmental concerns of traditional energy resources like fossil fuels,grid operators are tending to use renewable energies as the primary energy supply.This paper presents the study of designing,simulation and analysis of a 100-kWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant(PV-PP)in north-western Iran.Accurate meteorological data,satellite images and local knowledge from this region have narrowed down the options to three highly irradiated cities of Maragheh,Mahabad and Khalkhal in this region.PVsyst and MATLAB software are used in this paper to obtain the performance results.Environmental effects and carbon-emission savings from the execution of the proposed PV-PP are also available in this paper.The result of this study shows that PV-PP installation in Maragheh will have higher energy output than the two other cities.This study is insightful for the academics and the grid stakeholders in finding optimal spots in north-western Iran to construct a PV-PP.Also,recommendations are available for future studies.

Enhancement and validation of building integrated PV system:3D modelling,techno-economics and environmental assessment

The incorporation of photovoltaic elements in buildings have been gaining more mileage in recent times.Building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)technologies are on the rise in terms of efficiency and longevity,with a compound annual growth rate(CAGR)of 15.7%since 2018.The costs of production and raw materials of BIPV have reached a level that is economically beneficial for building developers to adopt the technology.However,the lack of infras-tructure as compared to traditional means of energy production has impeded the maturing of such technologies.The issue of conversion efficiency and module degradation have been addressed but not completely resolved by the scientific community.Although attractive governmental incentives such as net energy metering(NEM)and better returns of investments are shifting the tide as of late,what remains to be seen is the mass adoption of BIPV technology in residential and commercial infrastructure.This work aims to develop an optimal layout for photo-voltaic panels in the university building precise 3D modelling and solar energy resource assessment.The method adopted is based on energy production capability of a 3D modelled BIPV system which will be carried out in three stages.They are i)Assessment of geographical location and meteorological data,ii)Development of 3D model and orientation analytics and(iii)Development of optimal PV layout.Three systems were considered for this study,which is the roof and two systems on the Southern Façade.The proposed rooftop BIPV design is expected to provide 49.27%of the building’s energy consumption while reducing CO_(2)emissions by 20155.32 tonnes throughout the lifespan of the system’s deployment.This paper serves as a pioneering study on the feasibility of a BIPV system through the incorporation of building geometry for computations on incident solar irradiation.Through the reduction of electricity imported from the grid,the adoption of the BIPV system also serves as an incremental step towards achieving Net Zero Energy Building(NZEB)status for HWUM.

An adaptive dynamic feedback load balancing algorithm based on QoS in distributed file system

An adaptive dynamic load balancing algorithm based on QoS is proposed to improve the performance of load balancing in distributed file system,combining the advantages of a variety of load balancing algorithms.The new algorithm uses a tuple containing the number of files and the total file size as the QoS measure for the requested task.The master node sets a threshold for the requested task based on the QoS to filter storage nodes that meet the requirements of the task.In order to guarantee the reliability of the new algorithm,we consider the impact of CPU utilization,memory usage,disk IO occupancy rate,network bandwidth usage and hard disk usage on load balancing performance when calculating the real-time load balancing of storage nodes.The heterogeneity of the network is considered when the master node schedule task assignments to ensure the fairness of the algorithm.The comprehensive evaluation value is determined based the performance load ratio,which is calculated from the real-time load value of the storage node and a performance value after normalization.The master node assigns tasks to the storage node with the highest comprehensive evaluation value.The storage nodes provide adaptive feedback based on changes in the degree of connectivity,rather than periodic update of the load information.The actual distributed file system environment is set up on the server cluster,the performance of the new algorithm is tested through a contrast experiment.The experimental results show that the new algorithm can effectively reduce the average response time of the system,improve throughput,and enable the system load to reach a good balance.