Wusi Street:Birthplace of the May Fourth Movement

NORTH of the Forbidden City and east of Jingshan Park lies Beijing’s Wusi Street or May Fourth Street.Its name originates with the May Fourth Movement,a pivotal anti-imperialist,cultural and political movement that began on May 4,1919. On that historic day,Peking University students departed from Hong Lou (Red Building),which was built in 1918 to house the university’s library and lit-

May Fourth Movement in China-language Planning and Innovation

The purpose of this paper is to establish a clear comprehension and discernment of fundamental concepts of the languageplanning field and its correlation with and differences from innovation and change.It focuses on five aspects:a new language policyadopted in the period of late Qing;the status of classic Chinese in ancient times and the new vernacular in modern Chinese;the ori-gins of new vernacular;the problem that appeared alongside the new vernacularand the influence of May Fourth Movement in soci-ety and in education area.

Sleep-associated movement disorders and the risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and metaanalysis

AIM:To investigate whether an association exists between sleep-associated movement disorders and cardiovascular disease(CVD).METHODS:Several studies have observed the relationship of sleep-associated movement disorders such as restless legs syndrome(RLS)and periodic limb movements during sleep with CVD,but the results were still contradictory.We performed an extensive literature search on Pub Med,Medline and Web of Science published from inception to December 2014.Additional studies were manually searched from bibliographies of retrieved studies.Meta-analyses were conducted with Stata version 12.0(Stata Corp,College Station,Texas).Pooled odds ratios(ORs)and 95%CIs were calculated to assess the strength of association using the random effects model.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the underlying sources of heterogeneity.The publication bias was detected using Egger’s test and Begg’s test.RESULTS:A total of 781 unique citations were indentified from electronic databases and 13 articles in English were finally selected.Among these studies,nine are cohort studies;two are case-control studies;and two are cross-sectional studies.The results showed that the summary OR of CVD associated with sleepassociated movement was 1.51(95%CI:1.29-1.77)in a random-effects model.There was significant heterogeneity between individual studies(P for heterogeneity=0.005,I2=57.6%).Further analysis revealed that a large-scale cohort study may account for this heterogeneity.A significant association was also found between RLS and CVD(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.24-1.92).In a fixed-effects model,we determined a significant relationship between sleep-associatedmovement disorders and coronary artery disease(CAD)(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.16-1.54;P for heterogeneity=0.210;I2=30.0%).Our meta-analysis suggests that sleep-associated movement disorders are associated with prevalence of CVD and CAD.CONCLUSION:This finding indicates that sleep-associated movement disorders may prove to be predictive of underlying CVD.

Stress and Strain Accumulation Due to a Long Dip-Slip Fault Movement in an Elastic-Layer over a Viscoelastic Half Space Model of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System

Most of the earthquake faults in North-East India, China, mid Atlantic-ridge, the Pacific seismic belt and Japan are found to be predominantly dip-slip in nature. In the present paper a dip-slip fault is taken situated in an elastic layer over a viscoelastic half space representing the lithosphere-asthenosphere system. A movement of the dip-slip nature across the fault occurs when the accumulated stress due to various tectonic reasons e.g. mantle convection etc., exceeds the local friction and cohesive forces across the fault. The movement is assumed to be slipping in nature, expressions for displacements, stresses and strains are obtained by solving associated boundary value problem with the help of integral transformation and Green’s function method and a suitable numerical methods is used for computation. A detailed study of these expressions may give some ideas about the nature of stress accumulation in the system, which in turn will be helpful in formulating an earthquake prediction programme.

One-dimensional hybrid simulation of the electrical asymmetry effect caused by the fourth-order harmonic in dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma

A one-dimensional hybrid model was developed to study the electrical asymmetry effect（EAE） caused by the fourthorder harmonic in a dual-frequency capacitively coupled Ar plasma.The self-bias voltage caused by the fourth-order frequency changes periodically with the phase angle,and the cycle of self-bias with the phase angle is π/2,which is half of that in the second-order case.The influence of the phase angle between the fundamental and its fourth-order frequency on the ion density profiles and the ion energy distributions（IEDs） were studied.Both the ion density profile and the IEDs can be controlled by the phase angle,which provides a convenient way to adjust the sheath characters without changing the main discharge parameters.

The Sociocultural Analysis of the Development of Communism Movement in China

The initiation of the communism group and the founding of the Communist Party of China are deeply rooted in China’s political,economic,and social environments,which are not simply the result of Soviet Russia’forced export of revolution.Out of the complete disappointment in China’s political reality and the profound reflection on its economic oppression,Chinese progressive intellectuals have yearned for one ideal society since the Republic of China,which is represented by socialism.The practical successful road provided by October Revolution caters to China’s trend.Therefore,the early Chinese communists begin to change their clothes and enter the labor masses.They look forward to establishing a revolutionary proletarian regime and carrying on economic career based on communist principle so as to promote national construction.Under the long-term promotion of the early communists,the former poor and undisciplined working class would bring the concept of socialism into their own life.

RESEARCH OF THE PERIODIC SOLUTION FOR A CLASS OF NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper,we study the existence,uniqueness and asymptotic stabgility of the periodic solution for a class of the most,universal fourth-order nonlinear nonautonomous periodic systems.We give the relevant Liapunov function by using the method of analogical slowly changing coefficients.We also give a considerably accurate estimation of the slowly changing coefficients and obtain the sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence,uniqueness and asymptotic Stability of the periodci solutions.

Multiple Periodic Solutions for a Class of Fourth-order Difference Systems

By using critical point theory,we study periodic solutions for a class of fourthorder difference systems with partially periodic potential and linear nonlinearity.Some sufficient conditions for the existence of multiplicity of periodic solutions are obtained via generalized saddle point theorem.

A Study on the Law of Birth and Formation of Yang-Deficiency Constitution Based on the Theory of Five Movement and Six Qi

Objective:To explore the law of birth and yang deficiency constitution based on the theory of five movements and six qi,as well as to provide a new way to better realize the prevention of yang deficiency constitution.Methods:The data of TCM quality table and luck data were collected via questionnaires.According to the data of from the TCM quality table,the respondents were divided into yang deficiency constitution group and non-yang deficiency group.According to the luck data,the distributions of gestational age were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 175 questionnaires were collected,of which 89 were non-yang deficiency constitution and 86 were yang deficiency constitution.The proportion of Ding year(15.1%)in the yang deficiency group was significantly higher than that in non-yang deficiency group(5.6%),in which the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The possibility of yang deficiency constitution is higher.

Sediment movement characteristics of coast and analysis of seabed evolution

The rotary ring flume is used to study the silty sand movement in a periodic alternating current.Characteristics of sediment movement of different coasts in the tidal current are summarized.More detailed analysis of erosion-sedimentation function in a numerical simulation is made.The equilibrium sediment concentration is advanced.Based on the equilibrium sediment concentration,the seabed erosion-sedimentation index is derived and the seabed erosion-sedimentation calculation is analyzed.The seabed erosion-sedimentation index is used to calculate the seabed evolution of Yangshan sea area and a good agreement with field measurements is obtained.

From Academic Nitpicking to a =New Culture Movement＇： How Newspapers Turned Academic Debates into the Center of ~May Fourth＂

Abstract In early 1919, people like Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu were regarded as members of an ivory-tower ＂academic faction＂ （xuepai）, embroiled in a debate with an opposing ＂faction.＂ After the May Fourth demonstrations, they were praised as the stars of a ＂New Culture Movement.＂ However, it was not obvious how the circle around Hu Shi and Chert Duxiu was associated with the May Fourth demonstrations. This link hinged on the way in which newspapers like Shenbao reported about the academic debates and the political events of May Fourth. After compartmentalizing the debating academics into fixed xuepai, Shenbao ascribed warlord-political allegiances to them. These made the Hu-Chen circle look like government victims and their ＂factional＂ rivals like the warlords＇ allies. When the atmosphere became hostile to the government during May Fourth, Hu Shi＇s ＂faction＂ became associated with the equally victimized May Fourth demonstrators. Their ideas were regarded as （now popular） expressions of anti-government sentiment, and soon this was labeled the core of the ＂New Culture Movement.＂ The idea and rhetoric of China＇s ＂New Culture Movement＂ in this way emerged out of the fortuitous concatenation of academic debates, newspaper stories, and political events.

A study on sleep architecture in patients with chronic respiratory failure under long-term oxygen therapy—Focused on the influence of ventilatory failure (high CO₂) elements on the patient’s sleep architecture

Sleep disturbance related symptoms are common in patients with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Essentially, there were only few previous reports about the sleep architecture in patients with respiratory disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to clarify the objective sleep state and the elements that affect sleep architecture in Chronic Respiratory Failure (CRF) patients with focus on clinical cases of chronic hypercapnia. 13 subjects with chronic respiratory failure were enrolled in the study. All the subjects were pre-evaluated by pulmonary function test and Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) including exercise testing. Polysomnography (PSG) test was performed in each subject with supplemental oxygen. The estimated base line PaCO2 value that reflects overall PaCO2 including sleep period was calculated using equation of PaCO2[2.4×(HCOˉ3)-22]from obtained ABG value just before PSG test. 6 subjects were classified as hypercapnic group (base line PaCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg) and 7 subjects were non-hypercapnic group (base line PaCO2 < 45 mmHg). Latency persistent sleep of PSG data was significant higher in patients with hypercapnic than non-hypercapnic (p < 0.01). Periodic Limb Movement was seen in 23.6% of the subjects, however there was no contribution for arousals. Other PSG data include mean SpO2 were no significant difference. This study suggests that patients with estimated hypercapnia had more disturbed sleep architecture especially significant loss of sleep latency than non-hypercapnic patient with chronic respiratory failure under LTOT. Nocturnal PaCO2 level or ventilatory function may contribute to sleep disturbance in patients with estimated hypercapnia during LTOT.

小续命汤加减治疗脑梗死恢复期运动功能障碍对Barthel指数、Fugl-Meyer评分及睡眠质量的改善

目的:探究小续命汤加减治疗脑梗死恢复期运动功能障碍对Barthel指数(BI)、运动功能Fugl-Meyer评分及睡眠质量的改善效果。方法:选取2018年1月至2022年7月永安市立医院收治的康复期脑梗死伴有运动障碍的患者76例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组38例。对照组实施康复干预,观察组增加小续命汤加减治疗,对比2组的运动功能Fugl-Meyer评分、Barthel指数(BI)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分。结果:经过治疗后,观察组的Fugl-Meyer评分、BI分值高于对照组,PSQI评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:脑梗死恢复期运动障碍治疗中采用小续命汤可有效增强患者的运动功能和自主活动能力,能够改善患者的睡眠质量。

Review on Polysystem Theory in Translation Studies

This article gives an adequate observation and analysis of polysystem theory,one of the most influential schools in translation studies put forward by Itamar Even - Zohar and developed by Gideon Toury,and discusses its application to Chinese translation phenomena in certain historical periods.

数字人文视域下新文化运动时期知识分子的情感演化研究——以《新青年》杂志为例

文章从数字人文视角出发,以《新青年》杂志为例,分析了新文化运动时期知识分子的情感演化历程及外部动因,为研究特定历史时期思想政治文化格局的演变提供研究思路与案例支持。基于已有的分类框架,本研究将《新青年》杂志1915—1922年所刊发的文章划分为“政治文化”“哲学思潮”“社会教育”“语言文学”共4个类目,对每个类目的文章内容进行统计和分析,获取了文章作者、发文时间、主题词、涉及人物等基本数据以及文章的情感极性和强度。然后分别对每个类目所涉人物进行聚类,并从群体(类目总体情感演化)和个体(代表性人物的跨类目比较)两个角度分析了五四运动前后人物情感演化过程及特征。最后,结合文章主题和具体历史事件探讨了人物情感演化的外部动因,从而对该历史时期的人文风貌及社会变迁进行客观呈现。

论五四时期安徽省立“二农”在芜湖学生运动中的作用

1919年5月5日凌晨,北京五四运动爆发的消息传至芜湖,芜湖学界积极响应。在高语罕等先进知识分子的领导下,芜湖师生发起了一系列爱国运动。安徽省立“二农”表现突出,其以有利的地理条件成为游行请愿的集结地,作为核心力量发起成立芜湖学生联合会,对五四时期芜湖学生运动的深入持续推进起到至关重要的作用,也为日后安徽民主革命的兴起培养了一批骨干力量。

从晚清到五四:外国文学翻译走向现代之路

五四时期的外国文学翻译盛况空前,任淑坤《五四时期外国文学翻译的言说与实践》一书研究视角切中该时期多维的翻译言说与实践关系,披沙拣金,突破五四时期翻译史研究以言说为依据、默认翻译实践与言说一致的模式,使言说与实践的多维关系从隐身走向现形。一则见解高卓,从宏观视角对五四时期的译本作系统和整体考察;再则其探骊得珠,以《新青年》为典例,从微观角度探究五四时期大量外国文学作品传入盛况。引而申之,触类而长,其研究对当今中国文学走出去极具借鉴意义。

呼应“五四”的《劳工之爱情》:底层浪漫、上海想象与影业拓展

1922年,由明星公司出品的《劳工之爱情》是我国现存可以观看的最早电影。重温这部百年前的电影短片,可以感受到明星公司顺应时势,在电影制作方面呼应“五四”,不断强化“劳工+爱情”的故事表达,隐喻阶层固化和传统礼俗的逐渐坍塌。上海作为早期电影的主要故事场所,也被传播成为“十里洋场”繁华与蛮荒共存的合成符号。明星公司的商业探索,还突出地表现在精准服务大众,注重雅俗共赏,而这也为今后一段时期的电影创作提供了镜鉴。

五四时期李大钊的公共交往

五四时期,李大钊以学校、社团、报刊媒体等公共空间为平台,开展公共交往活动。他积极表达自己的政治主张,通过自身言行,拓展了近代知识分子的公共交往空间,推动了马克思主义的传播与发展。凭借公共交往活动,李大钊引导大批有志青年人走上革命道路,为五四运动和中国共产主义事业做出卓越贡献。