北京某三级甲等医院营养支持现状横断面调研分析

目的:对中日友好医院(以下简称“该院”)营养支持现状进行调研,评价营养支持的合理性,探讨营养支持对住院费用及住院时间的影响。方法:开展横断面研究,纳入2023年3月1—15日入住该院并接受营养支持的成人患者,收集患者基础信息,对患者进行营养风险筛查与评估,评价营养支持指征的合理性;观察能量及蛋白摄入情况对患者血清白蛋白、住院时间及住院费用的影响。结果:共纳入602例患者,经筛查存在营养风险的患者所占比例为58.0%(349/602);与无营养风险的患者比较,有营养风险的患者住院时间长(P=0.008)、费用高(P=0.001),差异均有统计学意义;肠外营养应用比例为68.6%(413/602)。能量及蛋白摄入达60%目标需求的有290例(占48.2%),与能量及蛋白摄入不足60%目标需求的患者比较,达标患者营养支持后血清前白蛋白水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。存在营养风险的围手术期患者,充足的营养支持显著缩短其住院时间(P=0.041)。无营养风险的围手术期患者,营养支持显著增加其住院费用(P=0.006)。无营养风险的消化系统疾病患者,营养支持显著延长其住院时间(P=0.000),增加其住院费用(P=0.005)。结论:规范的营养支持与患者血清前白蛋白水平改善相关,可在不增加住院费用的前提下缩短围手术期患者住院时间。该院现阶段临床营养支持存在营养不良诊断不完善及方案不合理等问题,需要进一步完善营养支持路径,促进临床营养支持规范化。

考虑车流变化的交叉口时段划分方法

文中整理分析交叉口交通流数据,计算各时间序列最佳周期时长.确定周期变化阈值进行初步时段划分,并将小于最短周期时长的时段进行合并.考虑交通流的变化,计算各转向相位时长,确定变化阈值及划分条件,进行二次时段划分.选取苏州某交叉口应用本文的时段划分方法,结果表明:该方法获得的时段划分可以较好地刻画流量变化趋势,时段划分更加科学合理,交叉口全天车均延误降低8.6%.

基于IERS1972—2023年间日长变化数据的中短周期分析

近年来地球自转加速现象引起时间保持领域的特别关注。利用国际地球自转和参考服务(IERS)提供的1972—2023年地球定向参数序列EOP C04数据,定位到最近的一次日长变化ΔLOD的拐点发生时间在2015—2016年间。本文针对地球自转加速是否会导致ΔLOD序列的中短周期项发生改变这一问题开展研究,采用了经验模态分解和快速傅里叶变换方法对拐点前后ΔLOD序列的中短周期项及其误差进行了细致的比较分析。数据分析表明,在目前数据和周期分析工具的精度水平上,未探测到由于地球自转加速导致的ΔLOD数据9.131,13.666,27.566,182.625和365.250 d周期成分的周期改变。

高压岔管衬砌混凝土施工期温控防裂研究

高压岔管承受高压水和高速水流冲刷,为了满足这一结构和工作特点,混凝土常采用泵送混凝土,利用其强度高的优点,但其温升高、弹性模量大,且一般是早强混凝土,容易产生温度裂缝。针对这一问题,以阳江抽水蓄能电站高压岔管为例,结合结构和材料特点,借助三维有限单元法,对高压岔管施工期的温度应力进行研究,筛选温控防裂措施。计算结果表明,高压岔管分缝长度对防裂影响显著,同时降低入仓温度,采用内部通水降温,可起到更好的温控防裂效果。高压岔管混凝土在有通水冷却措施条件下,浇筑温度控制在26℃以内,最小安全系数可达1.50以上,可作为工程现场浇筑施工方案。

Effects of periodically varying codes on separation of multisource blended data

Current exploration needs are satisfied by multisource technology,which offers low cost,high efficiency,and high precision.The delay time,which determines the separation effects of the multisource blended data,is one of the most crucial parameters in the acquisition and separation of multisource data.This study uses the deblending method of multisource data based on a periodically varying cosine code and analyses the effects of the two parameters,namely,the period amplitude and period length,used in this method on the separation of the multisource blended data.Meanwhile,the obtained coherence data is used to prove the correlation between the separation of multisource data and the two parameters.Examples of synthetic and field data are adopted to demonstrate that from a qualitative perspective,increasing the amplitude of the periodic code improves the separation effect within a reasonable delay time range.When the period length varies in a suitable range,the secondary noise becomes relatively incoherent,resulting in the separation result with a higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).From a quantitative perspective,the significant values(Sig.)of the period amplitude and length on the SNRs are less than 0.05,verifying the correlation between the separation of multisource data and the two parameters.

13个玉米品种萌发期耐旱性鉴定与筛选

种子萌发期的抗旱能力可在一定程度上反映该作物的耐旱性,种子萌发期是评价作物耐旱性的一个重要时期。为筛选出耐旱玉米品种,以清水作对照,用高渗溶液PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,对13个玉米品种进行发芽培养试验。结果表明:综合考虑发芽率、芽长、根长、须根数4个指标,以鑫禾528的抗旱性最强,其次为珍棒511和中科玉509。该结果可以有效反映其在后期生长过程中的抗旱性,为生产上选用抗旱品种提供参考依据。

Interaction between collinear periodic cracks in an infinite piezoelectric body

The problem of collinear periodic cracks in an infinite piezoelectric body is studied. Effect of saturation strips at the crack-tips is taken into account. By means of the Stroh formalism and the conformal mapping technique, the general periodic solutions for collinear cracks are obtained. The stress intensity factors and the size of saturation strips are derived analytically, and their dependencies on the ratio of the periodicity on the half-length of the crack are analyzed in detail. Numerical results show the following two facts. （1） When h/l 〉 4.0, the stress intensity factors become almost identical to those of a single crack in an infinite piezoelectric body. This indicates that the interaction between cracks can be ignored in establishing the criterion for the crack initiation in this case. （2） The speed of the saturation strip size of periodic cracks approaching that of a single crack depends on the electric load applied at infinity. In general, a large electric load at infinity is associated with a slow approaching speed.

Detection of different-time-scale signals in the length of day variation based on EEMD analysis technique

Scientists pay great attention to different-time-scale signals in the lengllh of day （LOD） variations △LOD, which provide signatures of the Earth＇s interior structure, couplings among different layers, and potential excitations of ocean and atmosphere. In this study, based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition （EEMD）, we analyzed the latest time series of △LOD data spanning from January 1962 to March 2015. We observed the signals with periods and amplitudes of about 0.5 month and 0.19 ms, 1.0 month and 0.19 ms, 0.5 yr and 0.22 ms, 1.0 yr and 0.18 ms, 2.28 yr and 0.03 ms, 5.48 yr and 0.05 ms, respectively, in coincidence with the results of predecessors. In addition, some signals that were previously not definitely observed by predecessors were detected in this study, with periods and amplitudes of 9.13 d and 0.12 ms, 13.69 yr and 0.10 ms, respectively. The mechanisms of the LOD fluctuations of these two signals are still open.

一种高效的周期团挖掘方法

周期团是在时态网络上出现时机满足特定周期要求的完全子图,周期团挖掘用于挖掘时态图中具有周期性的团。针对现有周期团挖掘方法效率低的问题,设计三种高效的剪枝策略EMP-FlagVex、EMP-FlagEdge和EMPFlagEdge+,并提出一种基于边上时间戳序列的求解方法EMP。枚举满足要求的极大团,并对枚举出的极大团进行周期验证。验证操作是提取极大团每条边上的时间戳集合,并对集合中出现的时间点进行计数。若某个时间点出现的次数等于提取的集合个数,则将其放入新集合。在此基础上,判断新集合中的序列是否具有周期性。实验结果表明,相比基础方法EMP,将EMP与EMP-FlagEdge+剪枝策略相结合的方法在PS、Lkml、Enron等数据集上的运行时间加快了15倍以上。相比MPC算法,基于顶点度数的EMP-FlagVex剪枝策略的挖掘效率提高约1倍,基于边上时间戳序列长度的EMP-FlagEdge剪枝策略的挖掘效率提高10倍,基于周期子序列长度的EMP-FlagEdge+剪枝策略的挖掘效率提高约30倍。

Wave localization in randomly disordered periodic layered piezoelectric structures

Considering the mechnoelectrical coupling, the localization of SH-waves in disordered periodic layered piezoelectric structures is studied. The waves propagating in directions normal and tangential to the layers are considered. The transfer matrices between two consecutive unit cells are obtained according to the continuity conditions. The expressions of localization factor and localization length in the disordered periodic structures are presented. For the disordered periodic piezoelectric structures, the numerical results of localization factor and localization length are presented and discussed. It can be seen from the results that the frequency passbands and stopbands appear for the ordered periodic structures and the wave localization phenomenon occurs in the disordered periodic ones, and the larger the coefficient of variation is, the greater the degree of wave localization is. The widths of stopbands in the ordered periodic structures are very narrow when the properties of the consecutive piezoelectric materials are similar and the intervals of stopbands become broader when a certain material parameter has large changes. For the wave propagating in the direction normal to the layers the localization length has less dependence on the frequency, but for the wave propagating in the direction tangential to the layers the localization length is strongly dependent on the frequency.

Analysis on Rules of Investment Decision Based on Payback Period of Dynamic Investment

The index of payback period of dynamic investment is an improvement on index of payback period of static investment, which is the problem that the rules to evaluate the project are feasible or not. This paper proves that rules shall be apt when using payback period of dynamic investment to evaluate the project feasibility under the condition of keeping the dynamic evaluation index to evaluate the same scheme and the consistent feasibility.

交叉口车流量多时段控制信息的传感融合技术

交叉口车流量随机性与不确定性导致车辆信息采集结果的差异化明显。以传感器信息融合为技术支撑,提出交叉口车流量多时段控制方法。利用多传感器采集交叉口交通信息,预处理采集到的数据。采用由指标层与目标层构成的信息融合模型,完成交通信息融合。根据信息之间的关联性聚类所有交通信息,明确分类数并划分控制时段。综合考量交叉口通行效率与环境等因素,结合排队长度、平均延误及尾气排放量建立多目标多时段控制模型,由层次分析法明确各目标权值后,采用改进萤火虫算法进行求解,实现交叉口车流量多时段控制。实验结果表明,该方法能有效改善交叉口的拥堵情况,提升通行效率,降低车流饱和度与延误时间,应用优势显著。

1981—2010年长江中下游地区单季稻生殖生长期对气候变化和技术进步的响应

作物生殖生长期长度与作物产量和品质密切相关。为深入探究作物生殖生长期长度(reproductive growth period lengths,RGLs)对气候变化和技术进步的响应,基于1981—2010年长江中下游地区单季稻生殖生长期和气象数据,量化不同RGLs (孕穗期—抽穗期(booting to heading,BDHD)、抽穗期—乳熟期(heading to milking,HDMS)、乳熟期—成熟期(milking to maturity,MSMD)和孕穗期—成熟期(booting to maturity,BDMD))对平均温度(mean temperature,TEM)、累积降水量(cumulative precipitation,PRE)和累积日照时数(cumulative sunshine duration,SSD)的敏感性,并分离气候变化和技术进步对不同RGLs的影响。结果表明,1981—2010年长江中下游地区单季稻BDMD呈延长趋势(0.24d a^(–1)),其中,HDMS延长趋势最明显(0.16 d a^(–1))。气候因子中高温和寡照不利于单季稻不同RGLs延长,其中,TEM对BDHD、HDMS和MSMD变化趋势的平均相对贡献分别为–50.0%、–50.7%和–21.9%,SSD对BDHD、HDMS和MSMD变化趋势的平均相对贡献分别为–47.2%、–48.7%和–67.6%。技术进步弥补了气候变化对不同RGLs变化趋势的不利影响。研究表明,技术进步可能是当前单季稻稳产高产和趋利避害的主要手段,未来可以采用较长生殖生长期和耐热性品种来适应持续的气候变化。

Influence of long period seismic waves induced by the Taiwan large earthquake on Shanghai area

In this paper a group of long period seismic waves in Shanghai area induced by Taiwan large earthquake is presented by using the method of semi empirical Green function, the period is up to 20 s. Such seismic waves can be used as a reference curve to test the strength of long period structures and their aseismic design. The long period part of seismic influence curve presented in 'Architecture Aseismic Design Code'(GBJ11 89) is less than 3 s, and uncertainties exist in the effects of earthquake safety evaluation. This research will be able to eliminate these shortages.

基于APSIM模型的2015—2100年气候变化对中国玉米生产力影响

全球气候变化直接影响作物生产。玉米是中国种植面积最大的粮食作物,系统探究未来气候变化对其生产力的影响对保障玉米高产稳产和粮食安全具有重要意义。为探究未来气候变化对中国玉米生产力影响,该研究基于SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5共2种气候情景(shared socioeconomic pathways,SSP)1981—2100年逐日气象资料以及中国气象局农业气象观测站玉米生育期数据和土壤数据,使用调参验证后的农业生产系统模拟模型(agricultural production systems simulator,APSIM-Maize)解析了气候变化对中国玉米主产区高产性和稳产性的影响。结果表明:(1)未来气候情景下,中国玉米主产区生育期内气温和≥10℃有效积温总体呈增加趋势,SSP5-8.5气候情景下升温幅度高于SSP1-2.6气候情景;降水量年际波动大,变化趋势不显著;太阳总辐射呈先增加后减少趋势。(2)若不采取适应措施,未来气候变化使玉米全生育期、营养生长期和生殖生长期总体呈缩短趋势,且SSP5-8.5情景下缩短幅度大于SSP1-2.6情景,2080 s缩短幅度大于2030 s和2050 s。(3)无适应措施条件下,未来气候变化下研究区域玉米光温潜在产量和雨养潜在产量总体呈下降趋势,SSP5-8.5情景下较SSP1-2.6情景下减产效应更大,2个情景光温潜在产量减产率平均值分别为13.8%和11.9%,雨养潜在产量减产率平均值分别为17.5%和14.0%。玉米潜在产量的稳定性略有提高,但区域间存在差异。因此,未来气候变化使中国玉米生产力总体下降,稳定性略有提高。研究为未来玉米高产稳产和中国玉米种植区划提供理论依据。

利用1984~2022年日长实测值对其变化的时序分析和拟合研究

利用IERS(International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service)发布的EOP 14 C04产品中1984~2022年LOD实测值进行频谱分析及周期项提取,并采用最小二乘外推模型联合多项式曲线拟合模型方法将提取到的周期项应用于对LOD序列的拟合。实验结果表明,相比于单一的LS外推模型拟合,新方法拟合序列的RMSE从0.0003 s下降至0.0001 s,且新方法将确定系数从0.80提高到0.97左右。该研究结果可为LOD序列的预报研究提供参考。

资料长度对深度学习方法日径流预报效率的影响

长短期记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)神经网络深度学习方法具有显著的时序分析能力,在径流预报方面有其独特的优势,但该模型预报的最优输入输出长度组合尚不太明确,探析不同输入输出长度对LSTM日径流预报效率的影响对相关应用具有实际意义。以四川省西部大渡河、雅砻江、岷江支流以及嘉陵江上游等流域为研究区,选取了20个子/区间流域,试验不同长度的前期输入资料预报不同预见期下的径流,研究了不同资料长度下LSTM模型的日径流预报效率,分析了该方法在不同流域的适用性与最优输入输出长度的特征。结果表明:①以前期降水、气温以及径流作为输入,前期资料长度对预报结果影响不太明显,但预报准确性会随预见期延长而下降,采用该种输入方案的预见期不宜超过7 d;②仅以前期降水、气温资料作为输入,预报准确性会随前期资料长度增加而提高,也会随预见期的延长而下降,建议该种方案的资料长度大于7 d、预见期最好为1 d,不宜超过3 d;③径流变异性是显著影响预报效率和最优输入输出长度组合的重要因子,变异性强,则预报效果较差,对输入输出长度的敏感性偏弱。研究成果可为提高深度学习径流预报效率提供参考,有助于结合流域特性确定适用的输入输出长度组合方案。

Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound in Prediction of Latency Period in Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Background: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major cause of Pretem Birth (PTB), Pretem Birth (PTB) is the most significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cervical length (CL), posterior uterocervical angle (PUCA) and anterior uterocervical angle (AUCA) have been postulated in several studies to have an important role in prediction of PTB. Up to our knowledge, this is the first study that combines the three cervical parameters in prediction of latency period in women with PPROM. Aim of the Work: To assess the accuracy of cervical length, posterior uterocervical angle and anterior uterocervical angle in prediction of latency period in women with Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Subjects and Methods: A Prospective cohort study on 205 women with PPROM was held at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, a transvaginal ultrasound was performed to measure cervical length, posterior uterocervical angle, anterior uterocervical angle. Results: A total of 205 pregnant women with PPROM were included in this study, the latency grade was within 2 days in 57 (27.8%) of cases while was after 2 days in 148 (72.2%) of cases. As regards cervical length cut-off value 25.0 mm, sensitivity was 78.9%, specificity was 65.5%, posterior uterocervical angle cut-off value 108.0°, sensitivity was 93.0%, specificity was 60.1%, and anterior uterocervical angle cut-off value 106.0°, sensitivity was 93.0%, specificity was 71.6%. Conclusion: The combination of cervical length (CL), posterior uterocervical angle (PUCA) and anterior uterocervical angle (AUCA) measurements greatly predicts the latency period in women with PPROM, and Anterior uterocervical angle (AUCA) ≥ 106.0° had the highest diagnostic value in predicting latency period within two days.

三维谐振子势阱中具有相互作用的两体系统的淬火动力学

本文研究了三维谐振子势阱中具有相互作用的两体系统的淬火动力学。两个超冷原子间的相互作用强度用s波散射长度表示,利用Feshbach共振可以瞬时改变s波散射长度。计算了淬火后两原子平均相对距离随时间的演化,发现在一定散射长度范围内两原子平均相对距离随时间呈双周期振荡的行为。分析了前3个本征态的叠加是产生双周期振荡的主要原因,得到了在一定散射长度范围内第一、第二本征能量差和振荡小周期呈倒数关系的结论。最后对檀接触(Contact)随时间的演化行为作了分析,其振荡周期包含多个本征能级差的成分。

气候变暖对柴达木盆地冬季采暖的影响研究

利用1981-2021年柴达木盆地11个国家气象站日平均温度资料,采用趋势分析、累计距平、Arcgis等方法,研究了气候变暖对冬季采暖期长短及耗能的影响。结果表明:近40 a柴达木盆地显著增暖,采暖初日推迟、终日提前,年采暖期长度缩短,采暖强度显著下降。1997年以前为相对冷期,1997年后进入相对暖期。采暖期长度空间上呈现自东北向西南递减,各地平均采暖期在185 d~262 d之间。近40 a来,随着平均温度升高,柴达木盆地采暖强度显著下降,其线性变化趋势为100℃·d/10 a,采暖强度在空间上呈现自东北向西南递减的分布态势。采暖节能率介于6.7%~15.4%之间,大值区位于柴达木盆地西南部和东部地区;低值区主要分布在冷湖、乌兰、都兰等地,节能率普遍低于8.4%;最小值出现在冷湖地区,节能率为6.7%。研究结果可为科学制定柴达木盆地冬季采暖计划和规划、合理安排供暖能源储备、实现冬季采暖的节能减排提供参考依据。