Effects of Periodical Soil Drying and Leaf Water Potential on the Sensitivity of Stomatal Response to Xylem ABA

The study on the changes of stomatal sensitivity in relation to xylem ABA during periodical soil drying and the effect of leaf water status on the stomatal sensitivity has confirmed that xylem ABA concentration is a good indicator of soil water status around roots and the relation between xylem ABA concentration and predawn leaf water potential remained constant during the three consecutive soil drying cycles based on the slopes of the fitted lines. The sensitivity of stomata to xylem ABA increased substantially as the soil drying cycles progressed, and the xylem ABA concentration needed to cause a 50% decrease of stomatal conductance was as low as 550 nmol/L in the next two soil drying cycle, as compared with the 750 nmol/L ABA in the first cycle of soil drying. The results using the split_root system showed that leaf water deficit significantly enhanced the stomatal response to xylem ABA and the xylem ABA concentration needed to cause a 50% decrease in stomatal conductance was 2 to 4 times smaller in the whole_root_drying treatment than those in the semi_root_drying treatment. These results suggested that the sensitivity of stomata to xylem ABA concentration is not a fixed characteristic.

Evolutionary games and spatial periodicity

Spatial interactions are considered an important factor influencing a variety of evolutionary processes that take place in structured populations.It still remains an open problem to fully understand evolutionary game dynamics on networks except for certain limiting scenarios such as weak selection.Here we study the evolutionary dynamics of spatial games under strong selection where strategy evolution of individuals becomes deterministic in a fashion of winners taking all.We show that the long term behavior of the evolutionary process eventually converges to a particular basin of attraction,which is either a periodic cycle or a single fixed state depending on specific initial conditions and model parameters.In particular,we find that symmetric starting configurations can induce an exceedingly long transient phase encompassing a large number of aesthetic spatial patterns including the prominent kaleidoscopic cooperation.Our finding holds for any population structure and a broad class of finite games beyond the Prisoner’s Dilemma.Our work offers insights into understanding evolutionary dynamics of spatially extended systems ubiquitous in biology and ecology.

Nonlinear chaotic characteristic in leaching process and prediction of leaching cycle period

A laboratory leaching experiment with samples of different grades was carried out, and an analytical method of concentration of leaching solution was put forward. For each sample, respectively, by applying phase space reconstruction for time series of monitoring data, the saturated embedding dimension and the correlation dimension were obtained, and the evolution laws between neighboring points in the reconstructed phase space were revealed. With BP neural network, a prediction model of concentration of leaching solution was set up and the maximum error of which was less than 2%. The results show that there exist chaotic characteristics in leaching system, and samples of different grades have different nonlinear dynamic features; the higher the grade of sample, the smaller the correlation dimension; furthermore, the maximum Lyapunov index, energy dissipation and chaotic extent of the leaching system increase with grade of the sample; by phase space reconstruction, the subtle change features of concentration of leaching solution can be magnified and the inherent laws can be fully demonstrated. According to the laws, a prediction model of leaching cycle period has been established to provide a theoretical foundation for solution mining.

A Kinetic Evidence for the Nitroxyl Radicals Recycling Mechanism in the Photostabilizing Process of HALS

The photoinduced bulk polymerization of a reactive-hindered amine light stabilizers (r-HALS), 4-acryloyl-2, 2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl (ATMP), was performed at 80 C by using a DPC technique. An unique periodic exponential attenuation-type oscillating curve was found when the polymerization was carried out in air, but this phenomenon was not found in nitrogen. It is supposed that this unique kinetic performance may be attributed to nitroxyl radicals that are produced in situ from the oxidation of ATMP. ATMP polymer with narrow polydispersity (d = 1.03) can be obtained by photoinduced solution polymerization of ATMP. The signal detected in ESR may be assigned to the nitroxyl radicals in the matrix of ATMP polymer. Since this kind of recycling of nitroxyl radicals is well documented for the photostabilizing mechanism of HALS, the present results may serve as a kinetic evidence for this mechanism.

Analysis of Runoff into Reservoir Change Pattern and Causes in Fenhe Reservoir

Based on the 58 years monthly flow data (from 1956 to 2013) editing by Jingle hydrological station of Fen River and Shangjinyou station, data resources are used to analyze the annual and inter-annual changes from spatial and temporal scale by statistical methods, mainly annual spatial and temporal distribution, trend of inter-annual changes, cycle and mutation changes. The reasons of runoff into reservoir changes are deeply analyzed by annual precipitation data of catchments above Fenhe Reservoir 1956 to 2013 and the land and water reservation methods which are implemented recently. It shows that there is a significant decrease of the inter-annual run-off with main and second cycle periods, 23a and 13a respectively. Furthermore, it exists mutation point between 1970 and 1971 through runoff series. As for further analysis of the causes of Fenhe Reservoir runoff changes, it illustrates that the change of precipitation is the main reason the facilitate runoff changes. Also, the land and water reservation methods which are implemented in upstream of Fenhe Reservoir increase water storage capacity of soil, showing it non-ignorable effect to runoff changes.

One-dimensional hybrid simulation of the electrical asymmetry effect caused by the fourth-order harmonic in dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma

A one-dimensional hybrid model was developed to study the electrical asymmetry effect（EAE） caused by the fourthorder harmonic in a dual-frequency capacitively coupled Ar plasma.The self-bias voltage caused by the fourth-order frequency changes periodically with the phase angle,and the cycle of self-bias with the phase angle is π/2,which is half of that in the second-order case.The influence of the phase angle between the fundamental and its fourth-order frequency on the ion density profiles and the ion energy distributions（IEDs） were studied.Both the ion density profile and the IEDs can be controlled by the phase angle,which provides a convenient way to adjust the sheath characters without changing the main discharge parameters.

PERIODIC REACTION AND TURBULENCE OF CHEMICAL BRUSSELATOR

In this paper, we discuss the reaction model of tri-molecules and the existence of periodic reaction under certain original density conditions of two objects without diffusion phenomena. We prove that the periodic reaction exhibit some chemical phenomena that violate the second law of thermo-mechanics. Finally, we research similar properties and phenomena concerning BelousovZhabotinsky reaction model.

LIMIT CYCLES OF THE GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL LINARD DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS

Using the averaging theory of first and second order we study the maximum number of limit cycles of generalized Linard differential systems{x = y ＋ εhl1（x） ＋ ε2hl2（x）,y=-x- ε（fn1（x）y（2p＋1） ＋ gm1（x）） ＋ ∈2（fn2（x）y（2p＋1） ＋ gm2（x））,which bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center x = y,y=-x,where ε is a small parameter.The polynomials hl1 and hl2 have degree l;fn1and fn2 have degree n;and gm1,gm2 have degree m.p ∈ N and[·]denotes the integer part function.