In this article,two results concerning the periodic points and normality of meromorphic functions are obtained:(i)the exact lower bound for the numbers of periodic points of rational functions with multiple fixed poin...In this article,two results concerning the periodic points and normality of meromorphic functions are obtained:(i)the exact lower bound for the numbers of periodic points of rational functions with multiple fixed points and zeros is proven by let ting R(z)be a nonpolynomial rational function,and if all zeros and poles of R(z)—z are multiple,then Rk(z)has at least k+1 fixed points in the complex plane for each integer k≥2;(ii)a complete solution to the problem of normality of meromorphic functions with periodic points is given by let ting F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D,and let ting k≥2 be a positive integer.If,for each f∈F,all zeros and poles of f(z)-z are multiple,and its iteration fk has at most k distinct fixed points in D,then F is normal in D.Examples show that all of the conditions are the best possible.展开更多
There are two algebraic lower bounds of the number of n-periodic points of a self-map f : M → M of a compact smooth manifold of dimension at least 3: NFn(f) = min{#Fix(gn);g - f; g is continuous} and NJDn(f) ...There are two algebraic lower bounds of the number of n-periodic points of a self-map f : M → M of a compact smooth manifold of dimension at least 3: NFn(f) = min{#Fix(gn);g - f; g is continuous} and NJDn(f) = min{#Fix(gn); g - f; g is smooth}. In general, NJDn(f) may be much greater than NFn(f). If M is a torus, then the invariants are equal. We show that for a self-map of a nonabelian compact Lie group, with free fundamental group, the equality holds 〈=〉 all eigenvalues of a quotient cohomology homomorphism induced by f have moduli ≤ 1.展开更多
Recently, He et al. [On quasi-weakly almost periodic points. Sci. China Math., 56, 597- 606 (2013)] constructed two binary sub-shifts to solve an open problem posed by Zhou and Feng in [Twelve open problems on the e...Recently, He et al. [On quasi-weakly almost periodic points. Sci. China Math., 56, 597- 606 (2013)] constructed two binary sub-shifts to solve an open problem posed by Zhou and Feng in [Twelve open problems on the exact value of the Hausdorff measure and on topological entropy: A brief survey of recent results. Nonlinearity, 17, 493-502 (2004)]. In this paper, we study more dynamical properties of those two binary sub-shifts. We show that the first one has zero topological entropy and is transitive but not weakly mixing, while the second one has positive topological entropy and is strongly mixing.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce new concepts of a-type F-contractive mappings which are essentially weaker than the class of F-contractive mappings given in [21, 22] and different from a-GF-contractions given in [8]. Then...In this paper, we introduce new concepts of a-type F-contractive mappings which are essentially weaker than the class of F-contractive mappings given in [21, 22] and different from a-GF-contractions given in [8]. Then, sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of fixed point are established for these new types of contractive mappings, in the setting of complete metric space. Consequently, the obtained results encompass various generalizations of the Banach contraction principle. Moreover, some examples and an application to nonlinear fractional differential equation are given to illustrate the usability of the new theory.展开更多
The existence of positive solutions to second-order periodic BVPs-u'+Mu =j(t, u),t(0) = u(2π),u'(0) = '(2π) and u'+ Mu = I(t, u), u(0) = u(2π), u'(0) = u'(2π)is proved by a simple appliCati...The existence of positive solutions to second-order periodic BVPs-u'+Mu =j(t, u),t(0) = u(2π),u'(0) = '(2π) and u'+ Mu = I(t, u), u(0) = u(2π), u'(0) = u'(2π)is proved by a simple appliCation of a Fixed point Theorem in cones due to Krasnoselskii.展开更多
Some properties of hyperchaos are exploited by studying both uncoupled and coupled CML. In addition to usual properties of chaotic strange attractors, there are other interesting properties, such as: the number of uns...Some properties of hyperchaos are exploited by studying both uncoupled and coupled CML. In addition to usual properties of chaotic strange attractors, there are other interesting properties, such as: the number of unstable periodic points embedded in the strange attractor increases dramatically increasing and a large number of low-dimensional chaotic invariant sets are contained in the strange attractor. These properties may be useful for regarding the edge of chaos as the origin of complexity of dynamical systems.展开更多
In a recent paper from Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 351(1)(1999), 343—351, the maps f and g from [0,n] to itself are constructed, which have periodic points of period 2a+3 . In this note we prove that ...In a recent paper from Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 351(1)(1999), 343—351, the maps f and g from [0,n] to itself are constructed, which have periodic points of period 2a+3 . In this note we prove that they have no periodic points of period 2a+1.展开更多
This paper is devoted to problems stated by Z. Zhou and ELi in 2009. They concern relations between almost periodic, weakly almost periodic, and quasi-weakly almost periodic points of a continuous map f and its topolo...This paper is devoted to problems stated by Z. Zhou and ELi in 2009. They concern relations between almost periodic, weakly almost periodic, and quasi-weakly almost periodic points of a continuous map f and its topological entropy. The negative answer follows by our recent paper. But for continuous maps of the interval and other more general one-dimensional spaces we give more results; in some cases the answer is positive.展开更多
Let T be a tree and f be a continuous map from T into itself. We show mainly in this paper that a point x of T is an w-limit point of f if and only if every open neighborhood of x in T contains at least nx + 1 points ...Let T be a tree and f be a continuous map from T into itself. We show mainly in this paper that a point x of T is an w-limit point of f if and only if every open neighborhood of x in T contains at least nx + 1 points of some trajectory, where nx equals the number of connected components of T \ {x}. Then, for any open subset G w(f) in T, there exists a positive integer m = m(G) such that at most m points of any trajectory lie outside G.This result is a generalization of the related result for maps of the interval.展开更多
OGY method is the most important method of controlling chaos. It stabilizes a hyperbolic periodic orbit by making small perturbations for a system parameter. This paper improves the method of choosing parameter, and g...OGY method is the most important method of controlling chaos. It stabilizes a hyperbolic periodic orbit by making small perturbations for a system parameter. This paper improves the method of choosing parameter, and gives a mathematics proof of it.展开更多
In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions for the second order differential equation x′′(t) + p(t)x′(t) + q(t)x(t) = f(t, x(t)).By using Krasnoselskii fixed point...In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions for the second order differential equation x′′(t) + p(t)x′(t) + q(t)x(t) = f(t, x(t)).By using Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem, we establish some criteria for the existence and multiple positive periodic solutions for this differential equation.展开更多
We found another critical mass ratio value -↑μ between μ4 and μ5 concerning the genealogy of the long period family around the equilateral equilibrium point L4 in the restricted three-body problem. This value has ...We found another critical mass ratio value -↑μ between μ4 and μ5 concerning the genealogy of the long period family around the equilateral equilibrium point L4 in the restricted three-body problem. This value has not been pointed out before. We used numerical computations to show how the long period family evolves around this critical value. The case is similar to that of the critical values between μ2 and μ4, with slight difference in evolution details.展开更多
In this paper, we consider stochastic Volterra-Levin equations. Based on semigroup of operators and fixed point method, under some suitable assumptions to ensure the existence and stability of pth-mean almost periodic...In this paper, we consider stochastic Volterra-Levin equations. Based on semigroup of operators and fixed point method, under some suitable assumptions to ensure the existence and stability of pth-mean almost periodic mild solutions to the system.展开更多
Let (T, d) be a dendrite with finite branch points and f be a continuous map from T to T. Denote by w(x, f) and P(f) the w-limit set of x under f and the set of periodic points of f, respectively. Write Ω(x, f...Let (T, d) be a dendrite with finite branch points and f be a continuous map from T to T. Denote by w(x, f) and P(f) the w-limit set of x under f and the set of periodic points of f, respectively. Write Ω(x, f) = {yl there exist a sequence of points xk ∈ T and a sequence of positive integers n1 〈 n2 〈 … such that lim k→∞ Xk = X and lim k→∞ f nk (xk) = y}. In this paper, we show that the following statements are equivalent: (1) f is equicontinuous. (2) w(x, f) = Ω(x, f) for any x ∈ T. (3) ∩ ∞ n=1 f n(T) = P(f), and w(x, f) is a periodic orbit for every x ∈ T and map h: x → w(x, f) (x ∈ T) is continuous. (4) Ω(x, f) is a periodic orbit for any x ∈ T.展开更多
Let X denote a compact metric space with distance d and F : X×R→ X or Ft : X→X denote a C0-flow. From the point of view of ergodic theory, all important dynamical behaviors take place on a full measure set. T...Let X denote a compact metric space with distance d and F : X×R→ X or Ft : X→X denote a C0-flow. From the point of view of ergodic theory, all important dynamical behaviors take place on a full measure set. The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of Banach upper density recurrent points and to show that the closure of the set of all Banach upper density recurrent points equals the measure center or the minimal center of attraction for a C0-flow. Moreover, we give an example to show that the set of quasi-weakly almost periodic points can be included properly in the set of Banach upper density recurrent points, and point out that the set of Banach upper density recurrent points can be included properly in the set of recurrent points.展开更多
Let P and AC be two primary sequences with min{P, AC} RLR<sup>∞</sup>,ρ(P) and p(AC) be the eigenvalues of P and AC, respectively. Let f ∈ C<sup>0</sup>(I, I) be a unimodal expanding m...Let P and AC be two primary sequences with min{P, AC} RLR<sup>∞</sup>,ρ(P) and p(AC) be the eigenvalues of P and AC, respectively. Let f ∈ C<sup>0</sup>(I, I) be a unimodal expanding map with expanding constant λ and m be a nonegative integer. It is proved that f has the kneading sequence K(f) (RC)<sup>*m</sup> * P if λ (ρ(P))<sup>1/2<sup>m</sup></sup>, and K(f)】(RC)<sup>*m</sup> * AC * E for any shift maximal sequence E if λ】(ρ(AC))<sup>1/2<sup>m</sup></sup>. The value of (ρ(P))<sup>1/2<sup>m</sup></sup> or (ρ(AC))<sup>1/2<sup>m</sup></sup> is the best possible in the sense that the related conclusion may not be true if it is replaced by any smaller one.展开更多
Let I=[0,1],c_1,c_2 ∈(0,1)with c_1<c_2 and f:I→I be a continuous map satisfying:f|_[0,c_1] and f|_[c_2,1] are both strictly increasing and f|_[c_1,c_2]is strictly decreasing.Let A ={z ∈[0,c_1]|f(x)=x}, a=maxA,a_...Let I=[0,1],c_1,c_2 ∈(0,1)with c_1<c_2 and f:I→I be a continuous map satisfying:f|_[0,c_1] and f|_[c_2,1] are both strictly increasing and f|_[c_1,c_2]is strictly decreasing.Let A ={z ∈[0,c_1]|f(x)=x}, a=maxA,a_1=max(A\{a}),and B={x∈[c_2,1]|f(x)=x},b=minB,b_1=min(B\{b}).Then the in- verse limit(I,f)is an arc if and only if one of the following three conditions holds: (1)If c_1<f(c_1)≤c_2(resp.c_1≤f(c_2)<c_2),then f has a single fixed point,a period two orbit, but no points of period greater than two or f has more than one fixed point but no points of other periods,furthermore,if A≠φ and B≠φ,then f(c2)>a(resp.f(c_1)<b). (2)If f(c_1)≤c_1(resp.f(c_2)≥c_2),then f has more than one fixed point,furthermore,if B≠φ and A\{a}≠φ,f(c_2)≥a or if a_1<f(c_2)<a,f^2(c_2)>f(c_2),(resp.f has more than one fixed point,furthermore,if A≠φ and B\{b}≠φ,f(c_1)≤b or if b<f(c_2)<b_1,f^2(c_1)<f(c_1)). (3)If f(c_1)>c_2 and f(c_2)<c_1,then f has a single fixed point,a single period two orbit lying in I\(u,v)but no points of period greater than two,where u,v ∈[c_1,c_2] such that f(u)=c_2 and f(v)=c_1.展开更多
To estimate the period of a periodic point process from noisy and incomplete observations, the classical periodogram algorithm is modified. The original periodogram algorithm yields an estimate by performing grid sear...To estimate the period of a periodic point process from noisy and incomplete observations, the classical periodogram algorithm is modified. The original periodogram algorithm yields an estimate by performing grid search of the peak of a spectrum, which is equivalent to the periodogram of the periodic point process, thus its performance is found to be sensitive to the chosen grid spacing. This paper derives a novel grid spacing formula, after finding a lower bound of the width of the spectral mainlobe. By employing this formula, the proposed new estimator can determine an appropriate grid spacing adaptively, and is able to yield approximate maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) with a computational complexity of O(n2). Experimental results prove that the proposed estimator can achieve better trade-off between statistical accuracy and complexity, as compared to existing methods. Simulations also show that the derived grid spacing formula is also applicable to other estimators that operate similarly by grid search.展开更多
Let (X, d) be a metric space and f be a continuous map from X to X. Denote by EP(f) and Ω(f) the sets of eventually periodic points and non-wandering points of f, respectively. It is well known that for a tree ...Let (X, d) be a metric space and f be a continuous map from X to X. Denote by EP(f) and Ω(f) the sets of eventually periodic points and non-wandering points of f, respectively. It is well known that for a tree map f, the following statements hold: (1) If x ∈ Ω(f) - Ω(f^n) for some n ≥ 2, then x ∈ EP(f). (2) Ω(f) is contained in the closure of EP(f). The aim of this note is to show that the above results do not hold for maps of dendrites D with Card(End(D)) = No (the cardinal number of the set of positive integers).展开更多
基金supported by the NNSF of China(11901119,11701188)The third author was supported by the NNSF of China(11688101).
文摘In this article,two results concerning the periodic points and normality of meromorphic functions are obtained:(i)the exact lower bound for the numbers of periodic points of rational functions with multiple fixed points and zeros is proven by let ting R(z)be a nonpolynomial rational function,and if all zeros and poles of R(z)—z are multiple,then Rk(z)has at least k+1 fixed points in the complex plane for each integer k≥2;(ii)a complete solution to the problem of normality of meromorphic functions with periodic points is given by let ting F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D,and let ting k≥2 be a positive integer.If,for each f∈F,all zeros and poles of f(z)-z are multiple,and its iteration fk has at most k distinct fixed points in D,then F is normal in D.Examples show that all of the conditions are the best possible.
文摘There are two algebraic lower bounds of the number of n-periodic points of a self-map f : M → M of a compact smooth manifold of dimension at least 3: NFn(f) = min{#Fix(gn);g - f; g is continuous} and NJDn(f) = min{#Fix(gn); g - f; g is smooth}. In general, NJDn(f) may be much greater than NFn(f). If M is a torus, then the invariants are equal. We show that for a self-map of a nonabelian compact Lie group, with free fundamental group, the equality holds 〈=〉 all eigenvalues of a quotient cohomology homomorphism induced by f have moduli ≤ 1.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11261039)National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20132BAB201009)the Innovation Fund Designated for Graduate Students of Jiangxi Province
文摘Recently, He et al. [On quasi-weakly almost periodic points. Sci. China Math., 56, 597- 606 (2013)] constructed two binary sub-shifts to solve an open problem posed by Zhou and Feng in [Twelve open problems on the exact value of the Hausdorff measure and on topological entropy: A brief survey of recent results. Nonlinearity, 17, 493-502 (2004)]. In this paper, we study more dynamical properties of those two binary sub-shifts. We show that the first one has zero topological entropy and is transitive but not weakly mixing, while the second one has positive topological entropy and is strongly mixing.
基金the support of CSIR,Govt.of India,Grant No.-25(0215)/13/EMR-II
文摘In this paper, we introduce new concepts of a-type F-contractive mappings which are essentially weaker than the class of F-contractive mappings given in [21, 22] and different from a-GF-contractions given in [8]. Then, sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of fixed point are established for these new types of contractive mappings, in the setting of complete metric space. Consequently, the obtained results encompass various generalizations of the Banach contraction principle. Moreover, some examples and an application to nonlinear fractional differential equation are given to illustrate the usability of the new theory.
文摘The existence of positive solutions to second-order periodic BVPs-u'+Mu =j(t, u),t(0) = u(2π),u'(0) = '(2π) and u'+ Mu = I(t, u), u(0) = u(2π), u'(0) = u'(2π)is proved by a simple appliCation of a Fixed point Theorem in cones due to Krasnoselskii.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Some properties of hyperchaos are exploited by studying both uncoupled and coupled CML. In addition to usual properties of chaotic strange attractors, there are other interesting properties, such as: the number of unstable periodic points embedded in the strange attractor increases dramatically increasing and a large number of low-dimensional chaotic invariant sets are contained in the strange attractor. These properties may be useful for regarding the edge of chaos as the origin of complexity of dynamical systems.
文摘In a recent paper from Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 351(1)(1999), 343—351, the maps f and g from [0,n] to itself are constructed, which have periodic points of period 2a+3 . In this note we prove that they have no periodic points of period 2a+1.
基金Supported in part by the grant SGS/15/2010 from the Silesian University in Opava
文摘This paper is devoted to problems stated by Z. Zhou and ELi in 2009. They concern relations between almost periodic, weakly almost periodic, and quasi-weakly almost periodic points of a continuous map f and its topological entropy. The negative answer follows by our recent paper. But for continuous maps of the interval and other more general one-dimensional spaces we give more results; in some cases the answer is positive.
基金The NSFC(19961001) and the NSF(9811022) of Guangxi.
文摘Let T be a tree and f be a continuous map from T into itself. We show mainly in this paper that a point x of T is an w-limit point of f if and only if every open neighborhood of x in T contains at least nx + 1 points of some trajectory, where nx equals the number of connected components of T \ {x}. Then, for any open subset G w(f) in T, there exists a positive integer m = m(G) such that at most m points of any trajectory lie outside G.This result is a generalization of the related result for maps of the interval.
文摘OGY method is the most important method of controlling chaos. It stabilizes a hyperbolic periodic orbit by making small perturbations for a system parameter. This paper improves the method of choosing parameter, and gives a mathematics proof of it.
基金The Science Research Plan(Jijiaokehezi[2016]166)of Jilin Province Education Department During the 13th Five-Year Periodthe Science Research Starting Foundation(2015023)of Jilin Agricultural University
文摘In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions for the second order differential equation x′′(t) + p(t)x′(t) + q(t)x(t) = f(t, x(t)).By using Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem, we establish some criteria for the existence and multiple positive periodic solutions for this differential equation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘We found another critical mass ratio value -↑μ between μ4 and μ5 concerning the genealogy of the long period family around the equilateral equilibrium point L4 in the restricted three-body problem. This value has not been pointed out before. We used numerical computations to show how the long period family evolves around this critical value. The case is similar to that of the critical values between μ2 and μ4, with slight difference in evolution details.
基金partially supported by the NNSF of China(Grant No.11271093)
文摘In this paper, we consider stochastic Volterra-Levin equations. Based on semigroup of operators and fixed point method, under some suitable assumptions to ensure the existence and stability of pth-mean almost periodic mild solutions to the system.
基金Supported by NNSF of China(Grant No.11461003)SF of Guangxi Univresity of Finance and Economics(Grant Nos.2016KY15,2016ZDKT06 and 2016TJYB06)
文摘Let (T, d) be a dendrite with finite branch points and f be a continuous map from T to T. Denote by w(x, f) and P(f) the w-limit set of x under f and the set of periodic points of f, respectively. Write Ω(x, f) = {yl there exist a sequence of points xk ∈ T and a sequence of positive integers n1 〈 n2 〈 … such that lim k→∞ Xk = X and lim k→∞ f nk (xk) = y}. In this paper, we show that the following statements are equivalent: (1) f is equicontinuous. (2) w(x, f) = Ω(x, f) for any x ∈ T. (3) ∩ ∞ n=1 f n(T) = P(f), and w(x, f) is a periodic orbit for every x ∈ T and map h: x → w(x, f) (x ∈ T) is continuous. (4) Ω(x, f) is a periodic orbit for any x ∈ T.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.11261039,11661054)National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi(Grant No.20132BAB201009)
文摘Let X denote a compact metric space with distance d and F : X×R→ X or Ft : X→X denote a C0-flow. From the point of view of ergodic theory, all important dynamical behaviors take place on a full measure set. The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of Banach upper density recurrent points and to show that the closure of the set of all Banach upper density recurrent points equals the measure center or the minimal center of attraction for a C0-flow. Moreover, we give an example to show that the set of quasi-weakly almost periodic points can be included properly in the set of Banach upper density recurrent points, and point out that the set of Banach upper density recurrent points can be included properly in the set of recurrent points.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Let P and AC be two primary sequences with min{P, AC} RLR<sup>∞</sup>,ρ(P) and p(AC) be the eigenvalues of P and AC, respectively. Let f ∈ C<sup>0</sup>(I, I) be a unimodal expanding map with expanding constant λ and m be a nonegative integer. It is proved that f has the kneading sequence K(f) (RC)<sup>*m</sup> * P if λ (ρ(P))<sup>1/2<sup>m</sup></sup>, and K(f)】(RC)<sup>*m</sup> * AC * E for any shift maximal sequence E if λ】(ρ(AC))<sup>1/2<sup>m</sup></sup>. The value of (ρ(P))<sup>1/2<sup>m</sup></sup> or (ρ(AC))<sup>1/2<sup>m</sup></sup> is the best possible in the sense that the related conclusion may not be true if it is replaced by any smaller one.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.19961001,No.60334020)Outstanding Young Scientist Research Fund.(No.60125310)
文摘Let I=[0,1],c_1,c_2 ∈(0,1)with c_1<c_2 and f:I→I be a continuous map satisfying:f|_[0,c_1] and f|_[c_2,1] are both strictly increasing and f|_[c_1,c_2]is strictly decreasing.Let A ={z ∈[0,c_1]|f(x)=x}, a=maxA,a_1=max(A\{a}),and B={x∈[c_2,1]|f(x)=x},b=minB,b_1=min(B\{b}).Then the in- verse limit(I,f)is an arc if and only if one of the following three conditions holds: (1)If c_1<f(c_1)≤c_2(resp.c_1≤f(c_2)<c_2),then f has a single fixed point,a period two orbit, but no points of period greater than two or f has more than one fixed point but no points of other periods,furthermore,if A≠φ and B≠φ,then f(c2)>a(resp.f(c_1)<b). (2)If f(c_1)≤c_1(resp.f(c_2)≥c_2),then f has more than one fixed point,furthermore,if B≠φ and A\{a}≠φ,f(c_2)≥a or if a_1<f(c_2)<a,f^2(c_2)>f(c_2),(resp.f has more than one fixed point,furthermore,if A≠φ and B\{b}≠φ,f(c_1)≤b or if b<f(c_2)<b_1,f^2(c_1)<f(c_1)). (3)If f(c_1)>c_2 and f(c_2)<c_1,then f has a single fixed point,a single period two orbit lying in I\(u,v)but no points of period greater than two,where u,v ∈[c_1,c_2] such that f(u)=c_2 and f(v)=c_1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61002026)
文摘To estimate the period of a periodic point process from noisy and incomplete observations, the classical periodogram algorithm is modified. The original periodogram algorithm yields an estimate by performing grid search of the peak of a spectrum, which is equivalent to the periodogram of the periodic point process, thus its performance is found to be sensitive to the chosen grid spacing. This paper derives a novel grid spacing formula, after finding a lower bound of the width of the spectral mainlobe. By employing this formula, the proposed new estimator can determine an appropriate grid spacing adaptively, and is able to yield approximate maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) with a computational complexity of O(n2). Experimental results prove that the proposed estimator can achieve better trade-off between statistical accuracy and complexity, as compared to existing methods. Simulations also show that the derived grid spacing formula is also applicable to other estimators that operate similarly by grid search.
基金Supported by NSFC(Grant Nos.11461003,11261005)NSF of Guangxi(Grant No.2014GXNSFBA118003)
文摘Let (X, d) be a metric space and f be a continuous map from X to X. Denote by EP(f) and Ω(f) the sets of eventually periodic points and non-wandering points of f, respectively. It is well known that for a tree map f, the following statements hold: (1) If x ∈ Ω(f) - Ω(f^n) for some n ≥ 2, then x ∈ EP(f). (2) Ω(f) is contained in the closure of EP(f). The aim of this note is to show that the above results do not hold for maps of dendrites D with Card(End(D)) = No (the cardinal number of the set of positive integers).