Continuous-wave mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate

This paper reports a continuous-wave （CW） mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd：YVO4 laser. Considering the thermal lens effects, it adopted an optical ballast lens and the near-concentric cavity for better operation. At the PPLN＇s grating period of 28.5 μm and the temperature of 140℃, the maximum idler output power of 155 mW at 3.86 μm has been achieved when the 808 nm pump power is 8.5 W, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 1.82%.

High efficiency continuous-wave tunable signal output of an intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate

In this paper we report on a continuous-wave （CW） intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （ICSRO） based on periodically poled LiNbO3 （PPLN） pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd：YVO4 laser. Considering the thermal lens effects and diffraction loss, an optical ballast lens and a near-concentric cavity are adopted for better operation. Through varying the grating period and the temperature, the tunable signal output from 1406 nm to 1513 nm is obtained. At a PPLN grating period of 29 pm and a temperature of 413 K, a maximum signal output power of 820 mW at 1500 nm is achieved when the 808 nm pump power is 10.9 W, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 7.51%.

Three-wavelength generation from cascaded wavelength conversion in monolithic periodically poled lithium niobate

Tunable coherent emission is generated in a single-pass, cascaded wavelength conversion process from mode-locked laser-pumped monolithic periodically poled lithium niobate（PPLN）. Three ranges of wavelength, including visible output from 628 nm to 639 nm, near-infrared output from 797 nm to 816 nm, and mid-infrared output from 3167 nm to 3459 nm,were obtained from the monolithic PPLN, which consists of a 10-mm section for 532-nm-pumped optical parametric generation（OPG） and a 7-mm section for 1064-nm-pumped sum frequency generation（SFG）. A pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 23.4% for OPG at 50°C and a quantum efficiency of 26.2% for SFG at 200°C were obtained.

Tunable Second Harmonic Generation with High Conversion Efficiency in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Channel Waveguide

The experiment on quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation (SHG) in a channel waveguide was reported. The waveguide was made by annealed proton exchange in the periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) with the period of PPLN of 14.9 μm, which was designed for cascading wavelength conversion in dense wavelength division multiplexer optical communications. The measurement results of SHG conversion efficiency as a function of fundamental wavelength at room temperature fit well to sinc^2 shape. The peak of SHG conversion efficiency was 75%·W~ -1 ·cm~ -2 as well as reported. The relationship between the center fundamental wavelength and temperature shows that SHG can be effectively tuned by the temperature in PPLN waveguide.

Temperature-dependent second harmonic generation process based on an MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide

The temperature dependency of a 5-mo1% MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide was investi- gated in this paper. We started with the temperature-dependent refractive index equation for the waveguide. Secondly, the temperature dependency of the second harmonic generation effect was experimentally researched under different temperatures and pump powers. The quasi-phase matched wavelengths, efficiency bandwidths and peak efficiencies of the waveguide were measured. The experimental results agreed with theoretical simulations, which are indispensable in the following all-optical sampling studies based on the cascaded second harmonic generation/difference-frequency generation process in the current device.

Compact efficient optical parametric generator internal to a Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 laser with periodically poled MgO:LiNbO_3

This paper demonstrates a compact efficient optical parametric generator internal to a Q-switched dlode-endpumped Nd：YVO4 laser with periodically poled MgO：LiNbO3（PPMgLN）. With the Q-switch set at a repetition rate of 25kHz and the PPMgLN crystal operated at room temperature （25℃）, the intracavity optical parametric generator threshold was reached as a diode pump power of 0.9 W. A maximum signal output power of 0.34 W with a pulse width of 25 ns and a beam quality factor of 1.4 was obtained at an incident diode power of 3.4 W, leading to a conversion efficiency of 10% with a slope efficiency of 14.4%. By varying the crystal temperature from 25 to 200℃, the output signal wavelengths were tuned in range of 1506-1565 nm. Over a 30-minutes interval, the instability of the signal power was measured to be less than 1%. In addition, the threshold pump intensity for the intracavity optical parametric generator is theoretically investigated, and the obtained result is in good agreement with the experimental results.

Investigation of Domain Wall Velocity to External Fields for High-Quality Waveguide-Type Periodically Poled LiNbO_(3) Fabrication

The Ti-doped waveguide-type periodically poled LiNbO_(3)(PPLN)were fabricated and the dependence of domain wall velocity on an external field applied for domain inversion was investigated.The whole polarization reversal process was computer-controlled to regulate domain wall expansion at a feedback time shorter than 5μs.The coercive voltage and several values of excess voltage were applied on 500μm-thick wafers serially connected to a 1-MOhm external resistor which had an effect of the poling current reduction,i.e.the deceleration of domain wall expansion.The domain wall velocity is sensitive to the poling voltage,precisely speaking,to the excess voltage.The domain wall velocities were 28.70,16.02 and 5.75μm·s^(-1)under poling field of 23.5,22.0 and 21.0 kV·mm^(-1),respectively.Moreover,average duty cycle of PPLN is about 49.93%.

光纤端面耦合周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)薄膜波导器件的研究

通过有限元模拟器从理论上分析了在理想光学系统中实现光纤与周期性极化铌酸锂(PPLN)波导之间高效耦合的可行性。仿真模拟了单模保偏光纤和透镜光纤在空间中的发散情况。针对截面尺寸为10μm×10μm、长度为20 mm的PPLN脊形波导,进行了与两种不同光纤的直接端面耦合模拟分析。分析发现,尽管透镜光纤的耦合效率高达95%,但其基模占比却不足5%。鉴于PPLN倍频器件主要依赖于激光的基模进行工作,这使透镜光纤的耦合效率在实际应用中显得相对较低。相比之下,单模保偏光纤的基模占比高达93.8%,显示出更为优越的性能。因此,本文选择了单模保偏光纤与PPLN脊形波导进行封装测试。实验结果表明:当温度为24.8℃,从光纤放大器输出的泵浦功率最大为1.6 W时,计算扣除输入端光纤与波导的耦合损耗后的输入泵浦功率为1.2 W,光纤到波导的耦合效率为75%,略高于当前已知的最高效率72%。1 560 nm基频光的输入功率为1.2 W时,最大输出653 mW的倍频光,光光转换效率达到了54.4%,归一化转换效率为20.2%/(W·cm^(2))。

Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating scheme based on a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide for an optical arbitrary waveform measurement

This study proposes a novel scheme of a cross- correlation frequency-resolved optical gating （X-FROG） measurement for an optical based on the sum frequency arbitrary waveform （OAW） generation （SFG） effect of a periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） waveguide. Based on the SFG effect and combined with the principal component generalized projects algorithm on a matrix, the theory model of the scheme is established. Using Matlab, the proposed OAW measurement X-FROG scheme using the PPLN waveguide is simulated and studied. Simulation results show that a rectangular pulse is a suitable gate pulse because of its low errors. Moreover, the increased complexity of OAW and phase mismatch decrease measurement accuracy.

Periodically poled lithium niobate whispering gallery mode microcavities on a chip

In this study, we investigate the fabrication of periodically poled lithium niobate(PPLN) microdisk cavities on a chip. These resonators are fabricated from a PPLN film with a 16 μm poling period on insulator using conventional microfabrication techniques.The quality factor of the PPLN microdisk resonators with a 40-μm radius and a 700-nm thickness is 6.7×10~5. Second harmonic generation(SHG) with an efficiency of 2.2×10^(-6) mW(-1) is demonstrated in the fabricated PPLN microdisks. The nonlinear conversion efficiency could be considerably enhanced by optimizing the period and pattern of the poled structure and by improving the cavity quality factors.

Optical sampling system using periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide and nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked fiber laser

A novel design of optical sampling system has been developed by using sum-frequency generation （SFG） in a periodically-poled lithium niobate （PPLN） waveguide and using passive mode-locked fiber laser pulses as optical sampling pulses. The system achieved high temporal resolution and high sensitivity using a 30 mm length PPLN with quasi phase match period of 19.3 μm and 151 fs sampling pulses which were generated by passive modelock fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation （NPR）. Clear eye-diagram of 10 Gbit/s non-return-to-zeros （NRZ） pseudorandom binary sequence （PRBS） optical signal were successfully reconstructed by this system.

Discrete spatial solitons formed in periodically poled lithium niobate by electro-optical effect

We report the numerical observation of discrete spatial solitons in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide array by applying an electrical field through electro-optical effect. We show that discrete spatial soliton can be controlled by applied voltage in the periodically poled lithium niobate.

基于PPLN的中红外CW QPM-0P0技术发展综述

光学参量振荡器(OPO)是利用非线性晶体的混频特性实现频率变换器件,是获得可调谐相干光的有效途径之一。准相位匹配(QPM)OPO产生的红外波段光在红外军事对抗、大气环境监测、医学、特殊环境远距离监控以及光谱学研究等诸多领域有重要的应用价值。而连续(CW)周期性极化铌酸锂(PPLN)OPO是3—5μm中红外大功率连续激光源的最佳选择。本文阐述了QPM技术的原理和特点,综述了中红外CWOPO的发展状况,重点放在CWPPLNOPO技术的发展上,并指出了其发展趋势及应用前景。

极化电极均匀化设计调控铌酸锂周期极化占空比

准相位匹配(QPM)理论上能够充分利用晶体的非线性光学系数、无走离效应,在光学频率转换中具有非常大的优势。铌酸锂晶体(LiNbO_(3),LN)具有高非线性光学系数、宽通光范围和低生长成本,因此基于铌酸锂铁电畴结构设计获得的周期极化铌酸锂晶体(PPLN)成为准相位匹配技术的理想选择。目前制备PPLN晶体最常用的方法是外加电场极化法,制备过程中,电极结构的参数对极化过程至关重要。本研究基于实时监测下的电场极化过程,结合有限元分析,对不同电极结构的空间电场分布进行分析,发现电极边缘出现电场极大值,而电极内部的电场分布相对均匀。基于这一现象,本文提出了一种多通道电极结构的设计方案,以实现极化空间内部电场的均匀分布。本研究采用十通道电极进行极化实验,通过表征每个通道的占空比,发现内部八个通道的占空比大小均匀且在50%±5%范围,通过晶体的倍频实验验证发现十通道周期极化样品中中间通道相对边缘通道的非线性转换效率明显提升并分布均匀,证明其中间通道具有占空比可控的均匀极化结构,为极化空间电场均匀化设计提供了一种高效合理的设计方案。

PPLN-OPO非线性变频特性的研究

根据准相位匹配和光参量振荡原理 ,分析了光学超晶格材料PPLN实现参量过程时极化周期、匹配温度和调谐波长之间的关系 ,提出了同时使用周期调谐和温度调谐实现大范围波长调谐的调谐方法 ,并对PPLN -OPO在不同泵浦波段的周期调谐特性和温度调谐特性进行了研究 .

应用于1064 nm倍频实验的啁啾周期极化铌酸锂晶体的结构设计与角度鲁棒性测试

通过倍频技术产生的532 nm固体激光器是目前应用最广泛的激光器之一,其最常用的倍频晶体三硼酸锂(LBO)在角度鲁棒性与倍频效率上仍有不足.为获得具有较好的角度鲁棒性的倍频晶体,实现激光器结构复杂度的降低与稳定性的提升,本文从角度鲁棒性的理论分析出发,对啁啾周期极化铌酸锂(CPPLN)晶体的结构进行设计,并对其进行理论仿真与实验测试.模拟仿真的结果表明,该设计结构的CPPLN晶体具有良好的角度鲁棒性,在-3°至+3°的范围内倍频效率一直维持在最高倍频效率的60%以上.倍频实验的结果显示可以达到LBO晶体的11倍以上.同时CPPLN晶体的倍频光功率关于入射角度的半高宽可以达到6°以上,并且出射光斑为标准的高斯光斑,几乎不受入射角度的影响.研究表明,CPPLN晶体具有远高于LBO晶体的倍频效率,且角度鲁棒性优于LBO晶体的角度鲁棒性.

近化学计量比Ti:PPLN平面光波导

使用钛扩散的方法在Z切铌酸锂(LiNbO3)基片上制备平面光波导,并进行富锂气相输运平衡(VTE)处理,获得平面光波导。利用外加电场法对其周期极化,制备出近化学计量比钛扩散周期极化铌酸锂(Ti:PPLN)平面光波导。对近化学计量比Ti:PPLN平面光波导的制备方法及工艺进行深入研究,为制备近化学计量比Ti:PPLN条波导奠定基础。

Experimental investigation of nonlinear process based on cSHG/DFG in PPLN waveguide

Effects of second harmonic generation （SHG） and cascaded second harmonic generation/difference frequency generation（cSHG/DFG） based on the quasi-phase-matching （QPM） condition in periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） waveguide were investigated experimentally. SHG conversion efficiency of -13.6dB and QPM bandwidth of 0.45nm were achieved using a 16.1dBm power of fundamental wave at 1550.4nm. Using pulsed all-fiber passive mode locked laser and tunable continuous wave laser, cSHG/DFG effect utilized for optical sampling was observed. Conversion efficiencies were calculated, and 11.88nm-wide QPM bandwidth was achieved through changing the wavelength of input signal. Conversion efficiency of cSHG/DFG effect increased linearly with the total injected power.

激光热效应对PPLN晶体倍频效率的影响

从准相位失配关系出发,研究了PPLN晶体倍频效率与温度的关系,针对温度对折射率与极化周期的影响,分析了激光热效应对准相位匹配系统谐波转换过程的影响。采用有限元分析法计算了PPLN材料内部温度分布状况,并对热效应影响下晶体内部倍频效率变化情况进行了计算。计算结果表明:在不同基频光功率密度下,在倍频过程中晶体温度及通光方向截面折射率的分布不同,在倍频晶体出射面倍频效率的分布也不同;随基频光功率密度增大,晶体整体温度与折射率增大,出射端面倍频效率分布随基频光功率密度变化而变化;与理想条件倍频系统相比,激光热效应对晶体倍频效率有一定的影响。

基于MgO:PPLN晶体光参量振荡的调谐及容差特性

通过分析准相位匹配光参量振荡器(QPM-OPO)实现参量的过程,分析了基于掺5mol%MgO:PPLN非线性晶体的准相位匹配光参量振荡器的调谐特性,并在泵浦光一定时给出了相应的调谐曲线.在慢变振幅近似情况下,从耦合波方程出发利用准相位匹配技术的位相匹配关系,推导出掺5mol%MgO:PPLN非线性晶体光参量振荡系统温度、极化反转畴周期和泵浦光波长匹配带宽的近似解析表达式,并在此基础上给出了相关的理论曲线.