Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Complicated by Ventricular Tachycardia during Labor: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disease that typically affects young, healthy women. Because PPCM is associated with significant mortality, timely diagnosis and management are essential. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a major complication and contributor to sudden death. Available data on VT in patients with PPCM are limited. Aim: This case report demonstrates the clinical presentation, antenatal care, and management of labor and delivery in a patient with PPCM complicated by VT. Case report: 36-year old patient G4P3 presents at 27 weeks gestation to the emergency department complaining of chest tightness, palpitations, and profuse sweating. Peripartum cardiomyopathy was diagnosed after her last pregnancy a few years prior. Ventricular tachycardia was diagnosed at this visit and treated successfully. The remainder of the pregnancy was uneventful until she had another episode of ventricular tachycardia during labor. Treatment using antiarrhythmics (diltiazem, amiodarone, adenosine) highlights the importance of prompt intervention and the need for a range of therapeutic options. Results: This case demonstrated successful VT management during pregnancy and labor, emphasizing multidisciplinary collaboration, influencing maternal and fetal outcomes positively, providing insights into optimal care strategies. Conclusion: Peripartum cardiomyopathy complicated by ventricular tachycardia is a life-threatening combination. This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and management with combined care between cardiologists, maternal fetal medicine specialists and anesthesiologists to prevent morbidities and sudden maternal death.

Clinical Management and Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Prospective Registry Study

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare pathology in Western countries but is common in Africa. Its progression is highly variable, left ventricular function improves in almost one-third to one-half of patients. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are few prospective cohort studies. We aimed to describe the long-term evolutionary aspects of this pathology in a sub-Saharan African country, so we developed a PPCM registry;here, we present the first results after 2 years of follow-up. Methodology: This work was performed at the cardiology clinic of the Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital of Dakar from January 01, 2017, to January 01, 2021, for a total duration of 4 years. This was an observational, longitudinal prospective study including patients admitted for peripartum cardiomyopathy. Results: During our study, 5372 patients were admitted to the cardiology clinic. Considering the inclusion criteria, 79 patients were consecutively recruited. The mean age was 30.5 ± 6.7 years, ranging from 18 to 42 years. Half of the patients came from rural areas (56.3%), and 78.2% of patients had a low socioeconomic status. Multiparity and twin pregnancies were noted in 72.8% and 20% of the patients, respectively. A total of 91% of patients had advanced NYHA stage 4 heart failure, and 3 patients had cardiogenic shock. Left ventricular dilatation was found in 52 patients, and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was found in 50 patients (90.9%). During hospitalization, 19 patients (34.5%) had complications. The evolution in the hospital was favourable in 45 patients (81.8%). The global mortality rate was 7.3% at 2 years. In multivariate analysis, fewer patients with a dilated left ventricle, a severe alteration of the LVEF and an advanced age progressed towards remission. Conclusion: The long-term evolution of PPCM is very variable. Despite a good rate of remission, progression to end-stage heart failure and death is not negligible in cases of advanced maternal age and severe left ventricular impairment.

艾森曼格综合征并发重度肺动脉高压产妇的围产期全程管理

总结1例艾森曼格综合征并发重度肺动脉高压产妇围产期全程管理的护理体会。护理要点:针对产妇持续低氧血症、心功能不全和重度肺动脉高压等问题,采取目标血氧饱和度循序渐进氧疗支持护理,监测、评估胎儿宫内情况;围产期容量与压力平衡重点管理早期识别肺动脉高压危象征象、避免诱发因素;预防严重并发症;个性化出院健康指导。经过10d的治疗及护理,患者病情稳定出院,出院后随访3个月,母儿状况良好。

围产期奶牛生理调控与饲养管理

围产期奶牛受多方面因素的调控,由于生理、日粮、环境和管理等多重因素的变化,奶牛易发生能量负平衡和免疫抑制,进而引发各种疾病,导致养殖效益下降。本文基于近年来的相关研究,对围产期奶牛在能量、激素、维生素与矿物质、细胞因子等方面的变化规律进行综述。发现这一时期奶牛血糖、胰岛素、脂肪、氨基酸等关键物质呈现出有序而规律性的动态变化,生殖激素和其他激素也表现出显著波动,维生素和矿物质的需求发生显著调整。鉴于这些复杂的生理变化,为围产期奶牛的饲养管理提供合理建议对防控奶牛能量代谢紊乱、改善乳品质量、提高奶牛生产效益至关重要。

围产期心肌病急性期心肌磁共振的特点及钆延迟强化对预后的影响

目的研究围产期心肌病(PPCM)急性期心肌磁共振成像(MRI)的特征及心肌MRI出现钆延迟强化(LGE)对患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2021年6月于郑州大学第一附属医院住院,且在急性期行心肌MRI的22例围产期心肌病患者的临床资料及心肌MRI特征。根据心肌MRI中有无LGE分为LGE阳性组(n=17),LGE阴性组(n=5),比较两组患者的临床特点、心肌MRI特征、治疗情况及住院期间的心血管不良事件。结果22例围产期心肌病患者的心肌MRI中,LGE的发生率为77.3%。两组基线临床资料无统计学差异。在LGE阳性组心肌MRI的射血分数(EF)值更低[20.74(17.57,33.55)%vs.34.58(27.72,47.41)%,P=0.026]。LGE阳性组的主要不良心血管事件发生2例(11.8%,其中1例放弃治疗后院外死亡,1例院内出现心室颤动给予电除颤,而后植入ICD),在LGE阴性组,无心血管不良事件发生。LGE阳性组除1例死亡外,其他16例完成心脏超声随访,LGE阴性组5例完成心脏超声随访,EF值分别为[(53.88±11.19)%vs.(61.00±2.35)%,P=0.028]。两组间分别有10例(62.5%),4例(80.0%)心功能恢复至正常。在LGE阴性组,随访后EF值明显更高,心功能恢复正常的比例高于LGE阳性组,但两组恢复正常的比例并无统计学差异。结论围产期心肌病急性期的心肌MRI中LGE较为常见,LGE的存在预示着远期更低的射血分数。

围产期乙肝病毒母婴传播阻断的研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)是一种常见的全球血液传播病原体,其导致的部分慢性乙肝患者可发展为肝硬化和肝癌,甚至导致死亡[1]。据统计,全世界约有640万名五岁以下儿童患有慢性HBV感染,中国是世界上HBV感染负担最大的国家,2019年中国约2.96亿人感染HBV,每年150万新增感染,其中,围产期母婴传播是HBV传播的主要途径之一,新生儿乙肝感染的风险为95%[2]。目前,我国育龄期妇女HBsAg的阳性率为5%~6%,HBsAg阳性孕妇的新生儿是HBV感染的高危人群[3]。阻断母婴传播是预防HBV的源头,母婴阻断主要是通过一定的医疗技术手段,阻止母体HBV传播给婴幼儿的方式。研究表明,母婴阻断对于新生儿乙肝预防和人类生命健康具有重要意义[4]。本文对围产期HBV母婴传播阻断进行综述。

围产期姑息照护的研究进展

综述围产期姑息照护团队及照护时机、服务框架、实施路径,总结了当前围产期姑息照护发展存在的问题,为围产期母婴及家人提供早期规范化姑息照护提供理论依据。

超重、肥胖孕妇围产期抑郁状况与新生儿出生体重的相关性分析

【目的】探讨超重、肥胖孕妇围产期抑郁状况与新生儿出生体重的相关性。【方法】选取2019年10月至2022年1月本地妇幼保健机构收治的600例超重、肥胖孕妇作为本次研究对象,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(edinburgh postnatal depression scale,EPDS)评分评估孕妇孕后期的抑郁状况,根据评估结果将患者分为对照组(EPDS评分<13分,n=418)和观察组(EPDS评分≥13分,n=182)。产妇入院分娩时和产后出院时发放一般情况调查表,收集两组孕妇和新生儿一般资料,分析新生儿出生体重的影响因素及超重、肥胖孕产妇围产期抑郁状况与新生儿出生体重的相关性。【结果】观察组新生儿出生体重大于对照组,孕妇EPDS评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组新生儿出生身长、头围比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。新生儿出生体重与孕妇年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入、孕妇体重指数(BMI)、孕期增重情况、孕周及新生儿性别有关(P<0.05),喂养方式与新生儿出生体重无关(P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示:超重、肥胖孕妇围产期抑郁状况和新生儿出生体重呈正相关(r=0.227,P<0.05)。【结论】超重、肥胖孕妇围产期发生抑郁对新生儿出生体重有一定影响,其抑郁程度与新生儿出生体重呈正相关。因此,应及时对孕产妇围产期抑郁情况进行早期干预。

Peripartum cardiomyopathy: A puzzle closer to solution

Peripartum cardiomyopathy(PPCM) represents new heart failure in a previously heart-healthy peripartum patient. It is necessary to rule out all other known causes of heart failure before accepting a diagnosis of PPCM. The modern era for PPCM in the United States and beyond began with the report of the National In-stitutes of Health PPCM Workshop in 2000, clarifying all then-currently known aspects of the disease. Since then, hundreds of publications have appeared, an indi-cation of how devastating this disease can be to young mothers and their families and the urgent desire to find solutions for its cause and better treatment. The purpose of this review is to highlight the important ad-vances that have brought us nearer to the solution of this puzzle, focusing on what we have learned about PPCM since 2000; and what still remains unanswered. Despite many improvements in outcome, we still do not know the actual triggers that initiate the pathological process; but realize that cardiac angiogenic imbalances resulting from complex pregnancy-related immune sys-tem and hormonal changes play a key role.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy among Women with Cadiac Failure Referred for Echocardiography in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Nigeria

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a common clinical condition in northern Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of PPCM among women with heart failure referred for echocardiography. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 401 women managed for heart failure referred for echocardiography between October 2016 and September 2017. Their reports were analyzed for demographic and echocardiographic parameters. Results: The mean age of the 401 individuals studied was 41.28 ± 16.25 years. The commonest cause of heart failure was PPCM, accounting for 256 (69.5%), followed by hypertension 79 (19.7%) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) 24 (5.9%). Conclusion: PPCM is a common and important cause of heart failure among women in Northern Nigeria.

Peripartum Hysterectomy in Misan Province during 2014-2016

Background: Peripartum hysterectomy is the procedure of removing the uterus after vaginal delivery or cesarean birth;it remains a life-saving procedure in cases of severe uterine hemorrhage. Objective: To know the incidence of peripartum hysterectomy in Misan province, what is the main cause of this procedure, and if there is any change in the incidence of this procedure during a 3 year study period. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was done in Misan province for all cases of peripartum hysterectomy during the period from 2014-2016. All information regarding present pregnancy, previous obstetric history, the cause of peripartum hysterectomy, any complications & infant outcome, were taken from the case sheet & from the patients themselves. 50 patients were enrolled in this study, and only 30 patients needed peripartum hysterectomy and 20 patients’ uterus were saved by repair surgery. Results: During the study period of 3 years, there was 72,720 deliveries, and during that time 30 peripartum hysterectomies were carried out of the 50 cases studied, which gave an incidence of 0.4/1000 deliveries. The patients were diagnosed as: rupture uterus in 30 (60%) cases, adherent placenta in 14 (28%) & 6 (12%) cases had atonic uterus. The major postoperative complication was anemia which complicated 23 (46%) cases, & then bladder injury 5 (10%). Admission to ICU was needed for 24 (48%) cases. There were 32 (64%) cases needed ≥4 units of blood transfusion. There were 38 (76%) cases stayed in hospital for ≥4 days. The most common cause for peripartum hysterectomy was for adherent placenta (28%) & rupture uterus (20%). Conclusion: The incidence of peripartum hysterectomy was 0.4/1000 (0.04%) deliveries. The most common reason behind peripartum hysterectomy was for adherent placenta and next was for uterine rupture. The rate of this procedure was not changed during the study period.

Hypertensive Pathologies in Peripartum: Complications and Maternal and Neonatal Outcome

Introduction: Among the hypertensive pathologies of pregnancy, preeclampsia remains the entity responsible for pregnancy complications. Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the frequency of hypertensive pathologies in the peripartum, to determine the maternal and neonatal morbidity factors associated with preeclampsia on the one hand, and on the other hand, to other forms of hypertension in the peripartal period. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional study of hypertensive pathologies in per partum over a period of 15 months?which have been included any pregnant, parturient and hypertensive childbirth. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Data positioning and dispersion parameters were studied. The factor analysis?was?performed by determining the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level set at p?≤ 0.05. Results: 142 cases of hypertension were collected from a total of 2988 deliveries,?i.e.?a frequency of hypertension of 4.8%. The main form of high blood pressure (HBP) was the isolated HBP at 51.4%. 60.3% of primiparas were preeclamptic [OR 2.47 (CI 1.25 - 4.91)], 63.2% of preeclampsia did not follow prenatal consultations?[OR 2.43 (CI 1.06 - 5.62)], 63.6% of preeclampsia had moderate and severe threat premature delivery [OR 4.57 (CI 2.11?-?9.99)], neonatal hypoxia in the fifth minute was found in 34.4% of newborns of preeclamptic mothers [OR 3.02 (CI 1.44?-?6.34)], hypotrophy was observed in 41.4% of the cases in the preeclamptic patients [OR 5.41 (IC 1, from 55 to 19.57)]. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is significantly associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Assessment of the Cases Undergone Peripartum Hysterectomy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Last Three Years

Background: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), although rare in modern obstetrics, remains a life-saving procedure in cases of severe hemorrhage. Objective: To assess the incidence, indications, outcomes & complications of peripartum hysterecomty performed in a tertiary care hospital & compare the results with other reports in the literature. Methods: Twenty nine peripartum hysterectomy cases carried out between July 2015 and June 2018 in Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka were evaluated retrospectively. Maternal characteristics and characteristics of the present pregnancy and delivery, hysterectomy indications, operative complications, postoperative conditions, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Results: Peripartum hysterectomy incidence was found as 7.26 per 1000 deliveries. The most common indication for hysterectomy was placenta previa with morbidly adherent placenta (17/29) followed by post-partum haemorrhage due to uterine atony (6/29) and ruptured uterus (6/29). There were 6 cases of intraoperative bladder injury. We had 5 maternal deaths, 3 of them were due to irreversible shock & 2 due to septicaemia. There were 5 cases of neonatal mortality mostly because of prematurity & asphyxia. All of the placenta previa with placenta accreta cases had at least one previous cesarean section. All 6 ruptured uterus cases had history of previous caesarean section. It was found that blood transfusion was required in all cases. Conclusion: Obstetric hemorrhages are life-threatening clinical conditions & peripartum hysterectomy is a necessary life-saving procedure. Abnormal placentation is the leading cause of emergency peripartum hysterectomy specially in cases with previous cesarean section history.

Complications of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy at the Departmental University Hospital Teaching of Borgou (Benin) in 2022: About 3 Cases

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a dilated cardiomyopathy occurring in the last month of pregnancy or the first five months postpartum without pre-existing cardiovascular pathology. It is a major cause of pregnancy-related heart failure with high morbidity and mortality. In severe forms (10% to 15% of cases), thrombo-embolic complications are the main cause. The initial hemodynamic evolution is totally unpredictable and sometimes extremely brutal and fatal. The objective of this work was to show the often pejorative evolution of PPCM in our country. Methods: We report in this work three serious clinical cases revealing the complications of this PPCM among patients admitted to the cardiology department of the CHUD-B/A in 2022 for heart failure. The data were collected according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients and Observations: The first case was a PPCM with severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction complicated by spontaneous left intraventricular contrast and right superficial sylvian ischemic stroke. The second case reports a global cardiac decompensation of a PPCM with severe LV systolic dysfunction complicated by an apical thrombus. The third case is that of a state of cardiogenic shock complicating a PPCM with severe LV systolic dysfunction. Among our 03 patients presenting these severe forms of PPCM, the evolution, in spite of the symptomatic and prognostic treatments of the heart failure, and even of the complications, was unfavourable with death in two of them. Conclusion: Complications of PPCM are frequent and fatal in Benin.

A Pregnant Patient with Aortic Regurgitation and Symptoms of Acute Heart Failure Caused by Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report

Introduction: Knowledge of the risks of pregnancy with heart disease is important because the maternal mortality is much higher than the average. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is rare but it is one of major causes of maternal death. We experienced a pregnant patient with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) presented symptoms of acute heart failure. Her heart failure was not better after an emergency cesarean section and aortic valve replacement (AVR) therefore we think that PPCM caused her heart failure. Case presentation: A 35-year-old woman diagnosed as having severe AR became pregnant. No changes in the AR were apparent during pregnancy. However, the patient developed symptoms of acute heart failure at 37 weeks of gestation, and an emergency cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia. Her hemodynamic status worsened after the cesarean section, and AVR was performed. She was supported with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) after the operation. As recovery seemed to take longer than usual, we decided to implant a ventricular assist device (VAD). Her condition improved after VAD placement, but then she died from a cerebral infarction. In this case, the heart failure was an acute-onset even though AR was stable before and after the pregnancy, and the heart failure did not improve after AVR. Therefore, we concluded that PPCM, rather than AR caused her heart failure. Conclusions: We encountered a case of a pregnant patient with severe AR who presented with symptoms of acute heart failure caused by PPCM. The effect of AR to her heart failure could not be easily denied. This delayed the diagnosis of PPCM, which in turn delayed our decision to use a VAD. Therefore, PPCM should be considered when pregnant patients with heart disease present symptoms of heart failure.

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiological, Clinical, Para-Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects at the Tombouctou Hospital

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a heart failure whose etiology is still unknown. The aim of work was to study peripartum cardiomyopathy in its epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects at the Tombouctou hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the Medicine Department of the Timbuktu hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2019. It concerned patients who presented heart failure between the 8th month of pregnancy and the first 5 months postpartum. Results: During the study,23 patients were collected. Average age of the patients was 23.50 ± 3.50 years with extremes of 16 and 34 years. Incidence of Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) was 1/345 pregnancies. Average parity was 3.20 with extremes of 1 and 8. Symptoms appeared at postpartum with 87% of cases. A significant delay in diagnosis was observed. Global heart failure was the mode of decompensation with 70%. Electrocardiographic signs were mainly sinus tachycardia (87%) and left ventricular hypertrophy (83%). Cardiac ultrasound showed in all cases dilated cardiomyopathy and it was associated with thrombus in left ventricle cavity for three cases. Left ventricular ejection fraction was severely impaired in 70% of cases. Pulmonary hypertension was significant in 52%. Most commonly drugs we used in our series at acute stage were duretics: furosemide 100% and spironolactone 70% (100% and 70%) and ACE inhibitors (90%). Beta-blockers (bisoprolol and carvedilol) were used in 15 patients. Bromocriptine (prolactin inhibitor) was used for 2 patients. Conclusion: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a serious cardiac complication of pregnancy of unknown cause, common in the African population.

Peripartum pulmonary embolism: Anesthetic and surgical considerations

Pregnancy and peripartum period leads to Virchow’s triad (hypercoagulability, venous stasis and vascular injury) thereby increasing the risk of thromboembolism by many folds in these patients. Accurate diagnosis of peripartum pulmonary embolism is pertinent for reducing morbidity and mortality. Accurate diagnosis is also vital for avoiding the adverse effects of unwanted anticoagulation in pregnant mother and fetus in a patient wrongly diagnosed with this condition. Computerized tomographic pulmonary angiography has a high specificity and sensitivity in comparison to ventilation/perfusion scan for diagnosis of peripartum pulmonary embolism (PPE). It has a lower fetal radiation exposure and aids in arriving at an alternative diagnosis, if PPE is absent. Low molecular weight heparin is the medication of choice in the treatment of peripartum pulmonary embolism. Thrombolysis is considered in patients with massive PPE and hemodynamic instability, refractory hypoxia or right ventricular dysfunction. Regional anesthesia/analgesia can be given safely in these patients. We report two cases of PPE and review the anesthetic and surgical consideration.

PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY——REPORT OF 16 CASES

Objective.To analyze the clinical characteris tics of peripartum cardiomyopathy a nd to evaluate the different factors that influence the prognosis of the peripartum cardiomyopathy.Method.A retrospective review was undertak en on records of women who were diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy at Peking Union Medi cal College Hospital between Jan.1983and May 1999.Results.During the research period,only 16p regnant women were documented as peripartum cardiomyopa-thy.Some of the women undertook ultr asonic cardiographic(UCG)examination that showed decreased s ystolic function.Seven women were complica ted with pregnancy induced hyperten sion.Three died of disseminated intravascular coagulation,embolism and cardiogenic shock respectively.Conclusion.Early diagnosis of the peripartum ca rdiomyopathy is extremely important.The UCG can pro-vide helpful information on disease progression or regression.

Heart Disease in Pregnancy:A Special Look at Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Peripartum cardiomyopathy(PPCM)is a disorder in which heart failure develops in the last month of pregnancy or within the fi rst fi ve months postpartum.The exact etiology is not known although recent studies suggest angiogenic imbalance is a key factor with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1(sFlt1)and a cleaved form of prolactin possibly playing important roles.This review discusses the epidemiology,risk factors,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of PPCM and highlights recent advances in our understanding of this disorder.

Do peripartum and postmenopausal women with primary liver cancer have a worse prognosis? A nationwide cohort in Taiwan

BACKGROUND While primary liver cancer(PLC)is one of the most common cancers around the world,few large-scale population-based studies have been reported that evaluated the clinical survival outcomes among peripartum and postmenopausal women with PLC.AIM To investigate whether peripartum and postmenopausal women with PLC have lower overall survival rates compared with women who were not peripartum and postmenopausal.METHODS The Taiwan National Health Insurance claims data from 2000 to 2012 was used for this propensity-score-matched study.A cohort of 40 peripartum women with PLC and a reference cohort of 160 women without peripartum were enrolled.In the women with PLC with/without menopause study,a study cohort of 10752 menopausal females with PLC and a comparison cohort of 2688 women without menopause were enrolled.RESULTS Patients with peripartum PLC had a non-significant risk of death compared with the non-peripartum cohort[adjusted hazard ratios(aHR)=1.40,95%confidence intervals(CI):0.89-2.20,P=0.149].The survival rate at different follow-up durations between peripartum PLC patients and those in the non-peripartum cohort showed a non-significant difference.Patients who were diagnosed with PLC younger than 50 years old(without menopause)had a significant lower risk of death compared with patients diagnosed with PLC at or older than 50 years(postmenopausal)(aHR=0.64,95%CI:0.61-0.68,P<0.001).The survival rate of women<50 years with PLC was significantly higher than older women with PLC when followed for 0.5(72.44%vs 64.16%),1(60.57%vs 51.66%),3(42.92%vs 31.28%),and 5 year(s)(37.02%vs 21.83%),respectively(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Peripartum females with PLC have no difference in survival rates compared with those patients without peripartum.Menopausal females with PLC have worse survival rates compared with those patients without menopause.